US1254581A - Burner. - Google Patents

Description

c. w. DAVIS.

BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED 050.22.1913.

OO OOOOOOOOO OOO 00000000 Lawaai.

coNNLAND Woonisnnv nAvIs, or cIIIcAeo, ILLINoIs, AssIcNon To 'Inn MANTLE LANII CGMPABIY 0F AMERICA, 0F CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION 0I? ILLINOIS.

nuJaNNN.

Specification of Lettera Patent. Patented ,@ISLMMQ, IMI@ ,i Application med December 22,1913. ser1a1N0.eos,aaa

To all whom t may concern."

Be it known that I, CORTLAND W. DAVIS, av citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

'This 'invention `is an improvement in burners for lamps or stoves of the blue Haine type, having a central draft, more particularly .of that type adapted to burn a' liquid hydro-carbon for the production of heat or light, and relates particularly to' the flame spreader or air distributing means for distributing `air into the hydro-carbon vapor as it rises from` the fuel carrier or wick.

It is generally known that certain hydrocarbon fuels when converted into a vapor require relatively large quantities of air, in order to effect their complete combustion resulting in a. nonluminous or blue flame. Furthermore, in hydro-carbon'burners of the Argand type the draft from any fixed size of chimney varies with the heat generated from the combustion of the fuel, and

that Whenl the flame isturned low the. draft is `correspondingly weakened and the -ve- .locity and volume of air introduced to the flame are reduced. -In this' case there is a tendency for the blue flame to vchange to a luminous flame, on account ofy the insuffl cien-tr air introduction for complete combustion.

It is a commonpractice in blue flamev so prevents excessive heating and `conse' quentlyreduces the amount ofhydrocarbon produced; therefore, the proportion of air to hydrocarbon is greater, and a blue flame is produced. lIn other words, the low bluel Hame'is maintained by turning down.y the wick and restricting the air from the wick.

A coinmon means vof 'restricting air from the wick when set low in burners of this classis to employ a horizontal Hange aroundl the upper extremity of the outer wick tube and a flam spreader in coperative relation with the i er wick tube, the spreader being without perforations low enough toad? mit air to thewick when it is turned low.

One of the defects in air distributers or flame spreaders used lin burners ofvv this character vpreviously known to Ine, especially of the Argand type adapted to incandescent lamp Inantles where a fuel carrier such as a ,wick is used, is that such spreaders either do not restrict air enough from the wick when 4more air to the flame when turned high,

and restrict the air supply when the flame is turned low. A further object is to ref duce the heatof conduction'and radiation -I i transmitted to the fuel carrier tubes. Further purposes of the invention will. be observed from the details in the description thereof.

'Ihe invention comprises a burner having a spreader with a `'frusto-conical top, the frusto-conical section and the upper part of the bodysection being perforated for air A passage.

rIhe invention consists also in the features of construction and combination of parts to be hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of the invention, but the construction shown herein is to be understood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits of the invention. f

Figure l is aside elevation with the gallery removed.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through a burner constructed in accordance with the invention.

fIiig. 3 is an enlarged par-tial sectional view-showing a flame turned low.

Fig. 4: is a View similar to Fig. 3 illus.-

ioo

Ill@

tirating the llame turned high, or at its operative position.

In the embodiment of the invention, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the invention is shown applied to a lamp burner, indicated at 5. The burner is provided with an inner tube 6 and a burner cone' 4. The fuel carrier or wick is indicated at 8 and is adapted to be secure suitable elevating mechanism 9, sh,own in the form of a slidable sleeve mounted between the inner wick tube 6 and an outer wick tube 10. Any suitable mechanism may be employed to raise and lower the sleeve and retain the sleeve in a predetermined position.` The outer tube 10 is preferably bent at 11, or contracted, toward the inner tube 6.

The flame spreader, which is an essential feature 0f the invention, indicated at 12, and is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as comprising a substantially imperforate cylindrical wall, indicated at a, the upper part of which is shown provided with a plurality of rows ofperforations, indicated at 13. Any number of rows of these perforations may be employed, as may be found desirable. It is preferred to so positionone row of perforaltions with relation -to its next adjacent row,

' that the perforations will be. staggered with relation to each other, thereby leaving small bridges of metal to connect the walls with the top. The top of the spreader is shown as substantially frusto-c'onical having the closed top plate b, which is preferably imperforate, and which is preferably at right angles to the wall a. The top plate `b is connected to the side wall a by the inclined wall indicated at c. A plurality of perforations 14 are provided in the wall c.

The side walls a of the spreader are adapted to rest upon the stop flange 7 of the inner tube 6, for the purpose of retaining the spreader in operative position, and at the same time permit its ready removal from the burner for the purpose of cleaningthe parts.

The inclined wall c at the top of the spreader may be at any desiredA angle with relation to theside walls a. For example to .produce proper effect, on the llames of certain types of burners, this wall c may be positioned at approximately thirty-fvedegrees with relation to the horizontal wall. b.

The air from the inner tube 6'is permitted toy flpw over the wick through the perforation of the flame spreader, indicated at 12,

' a part of the -air so introduced flowing substantially horizontally through the side perforation 13 ofthe spreader, and the remainder of the air passing out ,obliquely through the perforated frusto-conical section 14.

. The efllux efliciency of the obliqle perforations 14 is greater than that of the horizontal perforations 13, as they permit of a more direct escape for the air from the inner pas-l sage formed by thetube 6. The horizontal zontal flange 18.

projections of the oblique |'perforations 14 being directly over the introduction of air to the side perforations 13, tends to decrease the efllux efliciencyof the side perforations. This is especially true when the llame is turned lowand the draft correspondingly weak. Under such conditions a large percentage of .the air passes through the perforations 14 and not into contact with the low flame. (See Fig. 31.)

Thebottom row of perforations- 13 in the spreader may be positioned atany desired point near the end of the inner wick tube to `obtain the proper results when a llame is turned low. The top row of perforations in the wall a is preferably positioned substantially in alinement with the top or horizontal flange 16 of the cone cap, as shown in Fig. 2.

In operation, assuming the fuel carrier to be in the form of an ordinary wick, the Wick being carried between an inner tube 6 and outer tube 10 and thence upwardly' until the top of the wick is slightly above the ends of said tubes 6 and 10. VThe wick carrying the hydro-carbon fuel may now be ignited and the exposure of the wick being relatively small, the flame will of course be found correspondingly small. In the case of a low llame, the nonluminous combustion is main- `will be seen that air from the outside air passage 15 is restricted by the annular hori- Air from the passage within the tube 6 passes principally through the oblique perforations 14, as indicated by the directions of the arrows, over the small flame, the small proportion of air necessary to be supplied to maintain a non-luminous combustion passing through the perforation 13 to the flame. In Fig. 4 the wick has'been raised to its'operative position. The increased exposure of wick-surface gives off more l hydro-carbon vapor. The flame is higher, and larger in size, and requires a larger amount of air for' the complete combustion of the fuel. In this figure the air from the perforation 14 enters into the flame, a's indicated by the arrow, and assists- Laatst with the top perforations absorbs less heat,

and consequently has a smaller amount to dissipate to the Wick ltpbe which supports the spreader.

It will be observed also that the oblique perforations 14 introduce air tov-the flame at a point above their horizontal level, in factv above the level of the top plate b thereby "permittingthe position of the flame spreader to be comparatively-lower than would be possible with a spreader of this class not provided With the oblique air admission apertures. @ne advantage of this construct tion is that on account of the flame spreader being comparatively loW, it absorbs a less amount of the heat from a flame than would a flame spreader positioned higher up, consequently, the flame spreader constructed in acgcordance With this invention would be cooler' and dissipate less heat to the wick tube Within which it is supported. ln the ordinary type of burner and flame'it not infrequently happens -that the flame from theI Wick is much higher than the flame spreader and overlaps the top of the spreader forming a partial vacuum between the outer edge and central portion of the spreader causing the flame to curl in and impinge directly over the top of the spreader, thereby excessively heating the spreader and increasing the conduction of heat to the Wick tube.' This objectionable feature is obviated by introducing airthrough the perfora- I tions 14 obliquely against the flame.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and. desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. ln a central draft burner of they blue flame'wick type, including a burner cone having a substantially .horizontal flange at its upper extremity, a Wick, a Wick tube, and a arne spreader mounted on the Wick tube to have a portion thereofextend above the horizontal flange of the burner cone, saidl flame spreader having a tubular-perforated body portion adapted to closely lit Within the Wick tube, and a frusto-conical portion,

. above the flange of the burner cone, said top portion having an oblique annular portion `provided With an annular row of perforations for thepaldmisson of air obliquely to the Haine of the 'Wick above the Harige of the cone.

2. A ame `spreader for central draft burners of the'blue flame Wick type, comprising a cylindrical perforated body section and a* frusto-conical top section, the base of which is of substantially the same diameter as the cylindrical body section, the oblique portion of the, frusto-conieal top section having a circumferential row of perforations, the perforations of the body sectiqn and of the top section being contiguous.

3. A blue flameburner of the Wick type 4 comprising a burner cone, a Wick tube, a Wick, and a'flame spreader mounted on the Wick tube, said llame spreader having an imperforate horizontal top and a cylindrical Wall provided With a plurality of rows of perforations extending from Ja predetermined point in the cylindrical Wall toward the imperforate top to admit air to a flame Whether set high or low, and a straight annular Wall connecting the top plate with the l cylindrical Wall positioned on a plane above the top of the burner cone, said annular Wall being provided with a roW of perforations to .permit air to pass from the interior of the spreader obliquely into a flame When set high and over a Haine when low.y

4. A central draft burner comprising a burner cone having an inwardly directed annular horizontal top flange and a freely open llame spreader positioned in coperative relationl to said burner cone, said flame spreader having a frusto-conical top portion provided with a row of perforations positioned above the plane of the annular flange of the burner cone.

5. A flame spreader comprising a tubular,

cylindrical body, the outer face of which is4 unobstructed, said body being provided With perforations at its upper portion, and a frusto-conical portion having an imperforate horizontall top plate and an oblique annular portionl provided with a row of perforations Which extend circumferentially around the said spreader in said oblique portion thereof. .v

- 6. A burnerof the blue ame type comprising an inner Wick tube, an outer Wick tube, a burner cone having al horizontal top member adapted to be positioned on a-fplane above the upper ends of said Wick tubes, a- Wick, a. substantially cylindricall flame spreader having an inclined upper Wall connected with an imperforate top, said flame spreader being positionedin the inner Wick tube to have its contracted end extend above the horizontal top of the cone and to thereby form a flame passage between said spreader perforations to admit air obliquely above the fiange of the Nburner cone. .4

A8. In t'a burner, a burner cone having a horizontal flange at its upper end, a wick tube, and a flame spreader mounted on the 4Wick tube and provided with a perforated side wall to admit air horizontally Vto a flame below the horizontal cone flange, and a circumferential row of perforations in an oblique top portion of the spreader, said per- .i

annular row of perforations to admit air obliquely above the burner cone. i,

v10. Aburner comprising a wick, an inner Wick tube having .a stop shoulderformed therein, an outer tube provided with an outwardly extending and concentric horizontal 'ange near the top thereof to restrict the passage of air to the base of the wick, a cone coperating with the flange-of the outer wick tube to provide an outer air passage, and a removable spreader adapted to rest upon the shoulder of the inner tube, said spreader comprising a side wall, an imperforate top, connected by an annular oblique portion havingl a circumferential row of perforatons' therein, the side wall being provided with a plurality of rows of perforations extending upwardly from the, top of the wick tubes, thereby providing an inner air passage and from the inner tube t rough the side of the spreader to the flame of the wick below 4the top of the cone and through the perforations in the angular wall to the upper portion of the flame above the top of the cone.

11. An incandescent mantle lamp of the blue'fiame wick type, comprising a burner y cone having an annular and inwardly di# rected, horizontal to flange, and a flame spreader having a cy indrical side wall and a frusto-conical top, the side wall of the spreader being provided with perforations to admit air horizontally to the flame of the burner below Vthe top flange of the burner cone, the frusto-conical top of the spreader also being provided with a row of perforapermitting air to flow with perforations in the side wall to admit air` horizontally to the sub-flame below the horizontal annular top flange of the burner cone when the lamp is burning low, said spreader also being provided with'v a row of perforations in the frusto-conical top to admit air obliquely and thereby spread the burning gases outwardly over the horizontal inwardly directed annular top iange of the burner cone and into contact with the mantle during the normal operation of the lamp.

13. A iame spreader for central .draft burners of the blue flame wick type, comprising a cylindrical perforated body section and a top section havingan inwardly extending inclined portion, the base of which is substantially the same diameter as the cylindrical body section, said inclined portion of themtop section having a'circum- -ferential row of perforations, the perfora- Y tions of the body section and of the top section being contiguous. y

14. A central draft burner comprising a burner cone having an inwardly directed an- A nular horizontal top iiange and a freely open fiame spreader positioned in c operative relatlon to said burner cone, said fiame spreader having an inwardly extending inclincd top portion provided with av row of perforations positioned above the plane of thel annular flange of the burner cone and near the outer edge of said inclined top porltion. f

In testimony whereof, I aix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' ooRfrLANDwooDBUnY DAVIS.

Witnesses:

' A. H. GLAN'rz,

A. L. ALLExoN.

Images