US1246771A

US1246771A - Steam-condensing plant.

Info

Publication number: US1246771A
Application number: US8945916A
Authority: US
Inventors: Donald Barns Morison
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-04-06
Filing date: 1916-04-06
Publication date: 1917-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 1934-11-13

Description

0. B. MORISON. STEAM com me PLANT. APPLICATION Fl APR. 6.1916.

1,246,771 Patented Nov; 13, 1 17.

2 $KEETSSII EET 2- Elven/tor.- flomld dflonzison,

DONALD BARNS MOBIS ON, OI HABTLEPOOL, ENGLAND.

STEAM-GONDEN SING PLANT.

Specification or letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 13, 1917.

Application and April e, 1910. sci-m No. 09,460.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, DONALD, BARNS MomsoN, a subject of the Kin o reat Britain and Ireland, residin at a epool, in the county of Durham, ngland, ave invented the Improvements in or Relating to Steam- Condensing Plants, of which the following is a'specification.

It is known to withdraw aerated vapor from a condenser by apparatus comprising steam ejectors arranged in series the air being discharged to the atmosphere with or without an additional air expelling device,

' and my invention relates to apparatus of this kind. j

i In the working of condensing steam engines, the total quantity of air which mixes with the steam and has to be discharged from the condenser to the atmosphere by an air pump, consists of the quantity of air which enters the boiler with a unit volume .of feed water and the quantity of .air which leaks into the vacuum system through defective joints and connections. The latter quantity is variable as it depends on the air tightness of the plant at any given moment.

When-aerated exhaust steam enters a con} denser and the design of the condenser is 1 normal, that is, one in which the' proportion 80 of air, contained in a unit volume of the mixture of steam and air, gradually increases from the point of entry at the condenser to the point of withdrawal from the condenser, it follows that the greater the 85 volume of aerated vapor withdrawn -from,

the condenser by the air withdrawing ap- Earatus perfunit of time, the smaller wlll e the'proportion of air in the total volume I of steam and air which remains in the con- 40 denserlatany iven moment, and therefore the flfiaterv wil be thequantity of heat that loan. ettransmitted from the exhaust'steam tothe condensing water, with the resultthat the temperature of the vapor contents of the condenser is loweredand the vacuum corresponding thereto is raised. I

i The volume of aerated vapor that can be economically withdrawn from a condenser.

'isgovernedby the value of the steam used 10 by the air withdrawing apparatus J The object of this invention is, over'ja predetermined range of air entry into 'the vacuum system, to withdraw from a con denser-"under vacuum, with. the expenditure bl5.. 0'f a given quantity of steam, a larger 1- ume of ae ated vapor ditdischa g -the direct to the atmosphere, I experiment that the expenditure oi steam required for the discharge of a steam, "so that the economical use of such steam becomes of very great importance in the air withdrawin not exceed nomical expenditure of highc pressure steam.

getby an economical expenditure of hi hair contained in such volume to the atmosphere), than has, hitherto been; obtainable with apparatus of the kind referred to.

hen air as contained in aerated vapor B0 is withdrawn from a condensing vessel by a steam ejector which discharges. the air have rb i y "vi q i .5 tlty of air becomes uneconomiclfi when the vacuum exceeds 27 inches of mercury. I have also found that for such an ejector the steam required economically-to dischargeair to the atmosphere must, be high pressure air discharging apparatus.

According to m invention I withdraw the aerated vapor 'rom thecondenser-by the action of three or more ejectors arranged" and proportioned in series in accordance with the principles hereinafter set forth. The firstofthese ejectors (hereinafter called ejector) which withdraws direct from t e condenser, -I arran e and proportion in suchmanner that it wor s betweenasmall pressure difference of suction and discharge and is therefore capable of withdrawing a large volume of aerated vapor over a predetermined range of air entry intothe vacuum system, with.'an ec0- nomical expenditure of steam. The pressure diflerence is so small (in the case of a normally air tight system it wouldusually 1.5. ounds per square inch) that under the con itions of working, the ejecnor is enabled to withdrawthe maximum, volume obtainable with an economical expenditure of steam; I discharge to the atmosphere, usually through a. suitable condensmg device, the: airlcontained in the" withdrawn aerated vapor by another steam e ector (hereinafter called the air delivery e ector) designed to operate with an ecohis ejector shouldwork ween such pressure d fl'erences that the degree of'compression is by preference the maximum-1 can 1105 presents steam for a given uantity Of'fill.

find that af good pressure lfl'erence inthe case of a normally air tight system is about 12J ounds per square inc but any pressure: di erence from about 9 pounds to 13.5 pounds would be within the scope army involit on, I amenabled to desig and, opera neoesmry 10 The degree of oompnsm'm by fl thmfmof ow power producing vuluo.

In uppurufius according to my invmtion, 'bmuaa cnuh. o! flu thm ejector in urranged so I8 in god: at chair Raped-in ringua of momlml [manure difl'umom, l0 thn m1 :gmdilun of album required in order m p uco tbs neeemry pressure dif- [amass and the resultin rim is well. within the mge 0 Lbs nquiremqm 01 m engineering practicum result which 95 hrs not hemwfum been obtuinad with applmtusuithe kind nfurredt u.

By way of sample I will ducnbe, mth reference no the nucmnpanylug. diagram- -mutic draw" t o forms 0. ppm-rams so ;onstructod nu operutipg in woo with my invm'ta'on, ind m which the quotoraaro proyirkd withitowndunsars in a known manner.

thmaeetors lm inner as shows 'ngnmmatim themmlte oh by apgumtua designed and animated pad operut .in agqoruanre with my im mhon, n mbatzmfillhr an illustrated m 1, tasted in the m1 manner. 40 illustrates n modiflutlon oi F; 1, m which our ejector: an; With mic-mm to Fig. 1. apparatus oomprisra three 1mm upended e m u rmgud in Berks, namely, rmv air withdraw- 4: ing ujector a, r. eomtrollm ejadnr 5, and an.

a. u wi huir delivering ejecin r (1.

gram: from m enact an 'i argue into oondgn m mcimr 0'; Lin: aiml- 5 withdraw! m5 1-0 vapor from the eondmsing remivu' a dimhurgus intn the emmdflrnsim rearing f; the ujo'ctor a withdnml lrom unndmng lwru'wu' [and mm the mar operated e ector condmgur condenutn or 55 other water buing deln brand: at. such a 'rd citgjas will parent.

- au v bu, rmm gnaier a ntmoaphcriu, nr ifr-daairabla to create a vlumum, on the dimiurg side uf the ajaotor m In the apparatus tasted, thorium rup- ..ptiod bu tlm ecctnra a uud b was of low W, and t at supplied be dug, eiector a was 0! high 3mm The. quantity of water circulmle' from .the mall t [Jim 11 the 66 claim! ream-1 (condemn a and 11m;

.. mully dilchugzd main oun- 10.7. Th8 mun oomprmun 1m:

tha .inirh, eninhiud tbs tbs bud: twu 1'5' pmfll hour. The hum was mm; from In! byapum andflomdhmirtuthadmfl wand uu nwmpiwrio prawn Th: um Lune! thq water was mlmuimd at so (mm mmm, urn thu hailing temperature of inter undu' 28.91 imbue vmuum.

In in at. candmsin 75* pountTfl-fli steam prfiuur, the qum tily nir nor- M ths m1, am tlm uuk t, manning the pint to bg umptiunally qlr tight in its pipel and trons, be apprerxl ma 4 uubh he: pmuunufa' but. fiihiiifimll .uir and so i: w file eflriruqr a mm turhhmlsnfall in mm I that usofwnderind ba prurifiaur' with" apparatus which can .u uiulgi'n nurm ruzuum undrr a mnfliflonx-of'uirghlie mpresmfa iron: 2' to 8 times the IWHIB undu- Mr E of 'ltwlll asuenbg' to the diugrun Fig. i that. when N Urn-8 .0: was admitted to the dosed {cum denser-d) ataruwoifluuhviqfutper ut the vacuum was 2&9 mdml- Wrth don In this air admiliion, Hut 1:, 6 cubic fut per juinuta, a vacuum a! 28.8 imhui was while with 11mm time; tho abovu an admission, numb] 9 min-um, {in vacuum only. M5331 inc :8. The diamm-aoithaaumjutvmzhshu tha eircims a, b, 7 inch. (L5 inches and. 0.218 thg mnlfi strum remium about I,

. pounds. aq lruu The martini; amiaof tubae are dual-gazed; oI-ruch prfiporhmrfl (whma I'm: mliacfivelly] an roduou whim enable flw ilfiect to be obbnimd, an In thia pnrl-icuhr mm I-e rclntire mas o! thecomhiniu him I b, g are nupeeflrgly, in! the Eliza? quarter, 1:. for he ejnutonfifi; 'formnwiflnimwingujictor,

the mini rmga of air mks" mm about 0.5 pounds for electur 41,. Q pounds for 21mm 6,. and 11.7 puunds 0!- mkgfiur'u.

Th smut! pteuiuw: drflrmm mminwuui hawecntbs suctkm and dischargu rides a! flu rjortor a, runway, 0.5 pmmfls par urgn rolumr of uarntcd, vapor to be econumicplly withdrawn from tho chased rural (under thy conditions nut. forth} which was nerumry murder bu pruduoe thou-Q5111- lhuvrn on flue dmgmn,

' Tim mun dean: of cumPr'euiun reduced. by 'Lha swam anchor c w'ipn u: Ting anto the atmosphere ugamat H 6 pmaurr diflermee between its all-flan nut] dmchnrgu aid, uam'l' rhuut. 1LT lmul lis prr uqnzrre a were m'spuuhivg'ijr 0.6 y

.wi'th an economical expenditure ofsteam.

In order to support or sustain the respective performances of ejectors a and 0, there is placed between them the e ector b.

ejector b in order to complete the absolute pressure due to 28.9 inches vacuum, namely, 14,2 pounds, is in this particular case about 2po'unds and the degree of compression by 10."

theejector I) under these conditions so well; Withinits economical range that the expenditure ofsteamf therein is economical,

. and moreover the steam may be of low pressure. These proportions and steam pressures 'were 'those adopted and theresults were those obtained in connection with th s particular test under the conditions set forth,.but it is to be understood that in all i an irreducible'minimu'm with no provision cases the proportions of the ejector and the steam pressures employed depend on the v particular conditions associated with any particular plant., For. example in a submarine warship the. essentials in a condensingplant' are minimum weight and minimum space occupied. .ln such a case the predetermlnedrange 0f a1r entry may be i "for, accidental .air leakage while the steam f for accidental air leakage Would be large pressures und'erjwhich the ejectors operate would be consistent. with the weight and space requirements of the plant, whereas in an electric power station on landwhere economy of production of electric current is I a first essentialthe condensing plant would be more liberally proportioned, the margln and the pressures ,ofnsteam supply to the ejectors would be consistent with obtaining 'the desired results at a minimum cost in steam. I

Fig. 2 is a modificationof Fig. 1, the similar parts bcing denoted by the same let-'- tors of reference. In'Fig. 1, I have de scribed apparatus in which only one controlling ejector is employed, but I may when circumstances warrant it-as' for example 1 when a, considerable quantity of low pressuresteam is available as from a closed exhaust systememploy more than onecon trolling e ectors b and trollingejector, and Fitg g shows two con- 1 arranged in series with the ejector-s a and c and intermediate condensers 0, fraud f; In this example the finalejector c is shown discharging .into a nozzle submerged in Water contained in the tankt. I 1

-The water is discharged from the condensing receivers when such are employed by anyknownor suitable apparatus. The

steam, operated ejectors may be of any known type, and the condensing receivers when employed may be of the direct contact or the surface contact type; and any portion tificially cooled, M a

The pressure difference to be maintained by the ejector and the pressure at of the water supply may be ar- Although I have described the invention with reference to steam condensers, it is to be understood that the invention can be employed for the removal of large volumes of gases from .other vessels under vacua,

such for example as in the case of the manufacture of sugar.

1. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceeding two) arranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, said ej'ectors being so constructed that thedegree of compression in each successive stage of compression, from the lower steam' operated ejector's (exceeding two) -arranged in series with intermediate condensers, said ejectors being so constructed that the degree of compression in each suecessive stage of compression, from the lower to thehigher pressure, is greater than in thepreceding stage, and a water operated fector conder ser into which the last steam ejector discharges.

4:. Apparatus for Withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector,

.a controlling ejector and an air delivering e ector, said ejectors being arranged in series in the order mentioned and constructin such a manner that the air withdrawng ejector works under a small pressure difference, theair delivery ejector works under a pressure difference which is at or near to the maximum pressure difference economically attainable, and the controlling ejector produces' the degree of compression necessaryto cover the gap between the discharge pressure of said, air withdrawing of said air delivery ejector.

5. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector, controlling ejectors and an air delivery ejector, said e ectors bein arranged in series in the order mentioned and constructed in such a manner that the air withdrawing ejector works between a small pressure difference, the air delivery ejector works under a large pressure dilference, and the controlling ejectors produce the degree of compression necessary to cover the gap bet een the discharge pressureof saidair.

'11s 7 the suction side Withdrawing ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air delivery ejector.

6. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pres sure comprising the following devices ar ranged in series in the order mentioned, an air withdrawing ejector, a condensing receiver, a controlling ejector, another ,con- (lensing receiver, and an air delivery e ector,

ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air delivery ejector.

7. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, comprising the following devices arranged in series in the order mentioned, an air withdrawing steam ejector, a condensing receiver, a controlling steam ejector, another condensing receiver, an air delivery steam ejector, and a water operated ejector condenser, said steam ejectors being constructed in such a manner that the air withdrawing ejector works under a small pressure diflerence, the air delivery ejector works under a large pressure difference, and the controlling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary to cover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdraw ing ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air delivery ejector.

8. Apparatus for the removal of air from steam condensers comprising the following devices arranged in series in the order mentioned, an air withdrawing steam ejector, a condensing receiver, a controlling steam ejector, another condensing receiver, an air delivery steam ejector, and a steam condensing device, said steam ejectors being constructed in such a manner that the air withdrawing ejector works' under a pressure difference not exceeding 1.5 pounds per square inch, the air delivery ejector works under a pressure difference which is not greater than 13.5 pounds per square inch nor less than 9' pounds per square inch, and the controlling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary to cover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdrawing ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air delivery ejector.

9. In apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceeding two) ar ranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, constructing said ejectors so that the degree of compression in each successive stage'of compression, from the lower to the higher pressure, is greater than in the preintermediate ejector producing the degree of compression necessary to cover the pressure gap between the first and last ejectors.

10. Apparatus for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, comprising an air withdrawing ejector, a controlling ejector and an air delivering ejector, said ejectors being arranged in series in the order mentioned and constructed in such a manner that the air withdrawing ejector works under a small pressure dliference, the air delivery ejector works under a large pressure difference, and

the controlling ejector produces the degree of compression necessary to cover the gap between the discharge pressure of said air withdrawing ejector and the pressure at the suction side of said air delivery ejector, the nozzles of said air withdrawing and controlling ejectors being supplied with low pres sure steam and the nozzle of said air delivery ejector being supplied with high pressure steam.

11. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated e'e'ctors (exceeding two) arranged in series or withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which withdraws from the lowest pressure works under a pressure difference not exceeding 1.5 pounds per square inch.

12. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceeding two) arranged in series for withdrawing from a low pressure and discharging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which discharges to the highestpressure works under a pressure difference which is not greater than 13.5 pounds per square inch nor less than 9 pounds per square inch.

13. Apparatus comprising a number of steam operated ejectors (exceeding two) arranged in series for withdrawing from alow pressure and dlscharging to a higher pressure, in which the ejector which withdraws 10 steam condensers, comprising three steam operated ejectors arranged in'series with intel-mediate condensers and a final water operated jet ejector condenser, the first steam ejector which withdraws from the confae denser normally producing a pressure difi'er- I "once of approximately 0.5 pound per square inch, the third steam ejector which dis charges into the water operated e'ector normally reducing a pressure d1 erence of :0 approximately 12 pounds per square inch, and the second steam ejector producing the remaining pressure difference between the first and th1rd steam ejectors, namely, approximately 2' pounds per square inch.

16. In apparatus for the removal of air from steam condei'isers, comprising three steam operated ejcctors arranged in series with intermediate condensers, constructing the first ejector which withdraws from the lowest absolute pressure so that it performs its n'edetermined amount of compressive work by the expenditure of an economical quantity 01' low pressure steam, constructing the third ejector which discharges to the highest pressure so that it performs its predetermined amount of compressive work by the expenditure of an economical quantity of high pressure steam, and constructing the sccond'or intermediate ejector for low pressure steam so that an economical expenditure of steam of given power producing value can be attained by the apparatus.

Signed at London this twenty second day of March 1916.

DONALD BARNS MORISON. Witnesses:

HARRY Fo'rnnaonm, LAWRENCE HENRY SHA'I'IOCK.