US289989A - culver - Google Patents

Description

(No 11101161.) y A Smeetssheen 1. JCULvBR.

. A STEAM GENERATOR. 11012891189I` f 121161118111160. 11,1883.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Shet 2.

J. E. GULVBR. 1 STEAM GENERATOR. I v NO- 289-1989' l Patented Dec. 11.1883.

TNESSES: l v j INNOR ATTQRNEYS.

(No Model.)

. J. E. CULVBR. STEAM GENERATOR.

. Patented Deo. 11, 1883. 'JR-yi A `1759.5?

-WITNEssEs= TNVENTOR M. 29g/ @99 ATTORNEYS.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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, `umn; STATES 5 JOSEPH Y c'ULvnn, or v.nnnsnr eirr, NEW .Jnnsnr Y 4 .srEAMAjeENEhA-To R.

sPErHcATioN farmingpart-tf,y Leiters Patent-1ro. 289,989, dated December 11. 1883.*7.

Application met Jniy'ezrisss. (millionen .To @ZZ whom, t may c o'nce'r'lt: y

Beit known thatI, Josnrn E. CULVER, a citizen of the United States, residing in'Jerseya` City, inthe county of Hudson and-State of y' New Jersey, have'invented certain new and useful 'improvements in 1 Steam-Generators, of 5 which thelfollowing is aspeciication. y' The object of my invention is to insure that every successive portion or particle of water entering the boiler shall be'lre'atfed progress ively-that is l to say, step by stepuntil it is finally convertedv into steam, `while the calorifacient o'rheating gases from the furnace traverse a thermostatic Iiue system, the said gases Iadvancing as they cool, and coming into contact with colder and colder iluefsurfacesuntil they are discharged into thc-atmosphere at a temperature of about 1.00"k Fahrenheit, more' orless,as preferred, according to the extent of heating -surfac'e employed "and the draft maintained in the apparatus. e In carrying out my. invention I employ a shell -formed of boiler iron or other suita-' ble material, by preference` of a cylindrical form, inclosing a water-space and steam-space duly proportioned and furnished withfeed water pipe at the bottomlor lower endan`d a steam-pipe and safetyvalve at the top or upper end. The shell of the boiler contains within the water-space, 'and'surrounded on all sides by water, a multitubular structure, by preference formed. of metal, and consisting of an upper and a lower chamber connected together by a vseries of .boiler-tubes so arrangedthat the tubes shall all communicate witheach. other through the medium of the chambers they connect, and constitute a thermostatic balance. Through the outer` shell an entrance to the upper chamber and aneXit or outlet from the lower chamber' is formed or providf ed. The parts are so formed orconstructed that no leakage shall take place lo'ctweent'he' multtubular structure and the-surrounding` space within the shelL Thear'ea of'the cham- 4 5 bers should be sufficiently less than that ofthe linclosing-shell to allow of free circulation of water, between them. and to .the same end,` however numerous .and closely distributed the.y tubes may bc, they areleft out of actualxcon- '5b tact., -To complete this arrangement, and especially to prevent cushioning of steam upon the lreplate, several nearly equidistant watertubes crossthe flue-chambers and cennect the water above' 'them with the water beneath.

construction fofthe new steam-generator pre! sent-s some especial advantages. The upper land lower plates of the flue-chambers, eitheror both of them, .enlarged in diameter suiciently, nl a'y be riveted tothe out-er shell of the boilerthroughout the; entire circumference, so asabsolutely to divide the water-space into separate sections. The several water-spaces crossing the'ue-chambers. Constitutcd thus,

construction conjoined consecutively. A thermostatic uesystem traversesthe shell from the furnace downward tothe'far end, and the heat to the watery therein, themselves cooling ast-hey advance.l A thermostatic iiue system may be constructed of tubes only or of cham'- combination of chambers and tubes, arranged within the water-space of the boiler below ,the

most parts, so connected withthe furnace and ersetlem in a downward direction-from the furnace tothe eXit-ilue, so intcrcomniunicatin vevery branch and 4 segment thereof, shallbe left i'ree to descend according as it is' lcooled and its gravity is increased, 'or to maintain a higher level according as it retains its heat rarefaction, so that' the descending smoke rium notqliable to be disturbed by variable draftafandthat smoke which has cooledV the :most is'ata'll times foremost 'in the descent; A

was thesubdivisional .ilues'` balance each other, each of ,whichlso balanced by the other is thermasiatic, l

`the boiler is a compoundone. It'includes within :one lcontinuous, shell several unlike integrantparts or segment-boilers of dissimilar The following inodiiicationof the plan of thusformel 'are `then-to be connected in a -series only, or chieiy through water-tubes;

`iames and fuelfg'a'sespass through the several sections of the boiler in succession and impart bers suitably connected, or of any suitable water-level, and freely intercoimnunicatingv one with another, especially at their lowerv with the smoke-stack that the smolie shall traving that the descending smoke in everylue,

preserves inail' the ilues,y 'at the same level a uniform temperatiue, a thermostatic equilibsingle flue .cannot be -,made thermostatic only roo' employ a-furnacc linedl with ire-brick,

X soapstone, or other suitable material jacket-ed, and by preference of' semi-elliptical shape in transverse' section, and abutting endwise against a secondary combustion-chamber, so that its archway coincides in its span with the upper semicircle of the entrance thereto, at

the same time level and conti nuous therewith. This furnace'is furnished with a large ash-pit, a grate of suitable dimensions, and ample combustion-chamber, a doorabove the grate for feeding the fuel, and a door below the grate ofthe archway, thereby allowing of the admission of air to the upperflue-chamberbr secondary combustion-chamber. The quantity of air admitted may/be regulated by a slide or valve fitted to the. front of thcfurnac. By

this means the fire-box receives a properlyregulated supply of intensely-heated air arranged to mingle with. the flames just at the mouth of the secondary combustion-chamber, and by this means the loss of heat from -the top of the furnace is prevented.

- In locomotives or similar boilers,the furnace -may be inclosed in a water-hood, and av castits own temperature.

irc-n pipe may serve as the ai r-inlct above the grate. l

In order to vprevent the escape of heat from outside surfaces by contact or radiation or.

convection, it is `preferred that the furnace,

boiler, and all appurtenances be jacketed with any suitable nen-conducting material. vNeverthelss,jthe economy of perfect combustion avails but little to' enhance the mechanical effeet of the fueleonsumed, so -long' as steamgeneratorsI continue to throw away moreof the heat than they utilizefor so it is in every variety of steam-boilers yet constructed that the water isl heated to the same temperature throughout; and however water ofuniform heat may be applied to the dues, it cannot cool the' swift currents of smoke in them nearly to In point of fact, when the steam and water in the boiler stands at 300to 825 Fahrenheit, the py'rometcr in .the flue just outside the boiler will generally mark 675 to 850"` When steamboats racc together and crowd their lires, vtheir funnels are often seen capped with flames. The hot gases from the furnace rush through isotherperatures.

mal boiler-dues, vouchsafing. them only a momentary touch, whereas they ought to move slowly and through a scaleof descending tem- The hottest smoke travels fastest, and the coldest lags behind, whereas th'e coldest ought to head the draft in evcry flue. The total capacity of the subaqueous flue system This arch forms the dome of the coinin tubular boilers is too smal l -..andiihe subdivisions are individually too'flarge amil'l not nearly numerous enough, so that the heatingsurface of almost every variety of construction now in use is quite inadequate to transfer to the waterV so much asf one-third of the sensible heat transmitted tot-he linea i i In steam-boilers of all sizes constructed and arranged according to my invention, as hereinbcfore set forth, l[he maintaining of different temperatures above and beneath within the water-space of the boiler in a descending scale of degrees of heat from top to bottom, or one I end to the other,is fully provided for, and when operated in combination with cert-ain supplementary apparatus, hereinafter specified,

available for heating purposes'or for motive energy `nearly all the iieatforce developed from the combustion .of the fuel. The maintaining of the different strata of waterwithin the waterspaces of the; boiler at'diierent tempervpromises to fulfill the problem of rendering" atures and in a descending scale of degrees of heat from top to bottom is fully provided for in upright cylindrical steam-boilers of all sizes and varieties constructed andfar'ranged according to my inventiqn as above set forth;

but the ,same boilers placed in the horizon tal position wouldoperate somewhat unsatisfactorily. The imperfections canibe remedied, however, by setting the cylindrical body `of 'the boiler-shell either horizontally or aslant a lfew degrees'from'the horizontal line, and an-l nexng to the upper or furnace end an elbow IOO turned vertically upward, and to the lower end an elbow extending'" f'ownward. The steam-dome occupies the upturned elbow. The lower elbow may be of any size demanded. It can be dispensed with altogether-without impairing the 'thermostatic equilibrium of the flue system,'provided the escape-ilse passis out from the lowermost partof lthelmcfer duechamber. I can form the 'upturned segment of the boiler of a size and shape to snit therequirements presented, and when so formed it. may constitute, in part 4or wholly, a separate compartment or annex boiler, with its fireplate, water-space, steam-space, Src., receiving its water-supply from the horizontal segment, as hereinafter explained. In the elbow-boiler the flue-chambers can occupy the angles front and rear,or can be located` else-y where, ifpreferredg.` flliefront or upper chaniber 1 use as the secondary combustion-chamber, and it is` to be provided with a suitable opening toadmitthe flames from the furnace. This opening or iiue must be of a sufficiently small diameter, so that the passage of the produets of combustion shall be slightly obstructed and deflected in their course, to the end that the gases arising from different parts of the fire shall .be thoroughly interminglcd, to-

'getherwith the super-added air, their temperatures equalized, and perfect combustion ser cured. A thermostatic equilibrium cannot be secured in the flue system if the products v LAI I ber at their uppermost parts.:

'nections between the horizontal and upright,

- through water-hoods Surrounding the charnof combustion vareallowecl anl unobstructed passage to the secondary combustion-chamber,

as the gases arisingtfrom diiferentparts ofthe revary greatly in temperature, Vand in case they are not thoroughly intermingled the hottest gasesV will pass through-the iiues rst,'

leaving the cooler smoke behind; 'The flueopening, in order to secure the best results and most-perfect combustion, must connect' the furnace and secondary combustion-cham- The Water-consegments of the boiler can be made chiey bers, o'ri partlyor `wholly through water-tubes crossing the chambers.v

QA system of water-tubes intercrossing in various directions may connect the opposite sides of the water-hood, and it will contribute efficiently to the generation of steam of high tension vand give strength vto the combustionchamber. The water-tubes `which cross vthe fine-chambers may be straight or angular, curved or spiral, as preferred. The water-` hoods that surround the chambers consist of a double hood.an inner and outerplateof boileriron strongly yriveted and braced,.and having between the plates (which are set an inch or more apart) an interspace to contain '.Water,

n that connects laterally with the water space of the horizontal segment of the boiler, and above with `the water-space of the vertical segment. For greater'eonvenience of access in cleaning the boiler-due, the front andy rearends may be left more yor less' -unhooded, and suitable doors may be substituted in y orden to complete the incasement of the chambers. In this case lthe chambers will not be entirely surrounded by water, but the thermostatic balance in the iiues will be preserved. 1

To prevent a possible cushioning of steam on the fire-plateof the annex boiler, it is well to have 4,fitted into, the water-hood beneath a few water-pipes, that extend across the upper chamber, pass through the fire-plate at equal distances apart, and en'd flush' with its upper surface. I arrange around thecircumference of the water-hood numerous 4tubular communications with the water-space of the annex boiler, or, if preferred, an uninterrupted or continuous confluence throughout the entire circle of their junction. I provide similar channels between the water-hoods and the water-space of the horizontal segment of the boiler. The water'in the` horizontal boiler l maintains a-high temperature at the top and relatively a low oneat the y bottom. lIt is evident that 'the hottest of this water should be sent tothe front water-hood, the water-tubes,

and the annex boiler. Therefore I propose to connect the topmost part of the furnace end'of thehorizontal boiler directlyto the conjoined water-hood through a single water-tube.. I

4regulate the inflow of water according as it evaporates by a suitable valve placedin this water-tube, so as to maintain a uniform depth of water inthe annex.

Water is almost an absolute non-conductorv of heat. Neither water nor gases transmitheat from above downward. -\In,my steam-gener atei` this law'for the first time finds.' a\.practi cal application. of the multitubular A flue system steam is Above the upper chamber formed andthe boiling water is'violently agitated. vBelow this chamber the water never boils; no bubbles rise; there are no interstratic currents; all yis motionless,.save that thev feedwater, which is added little by little,'uplifts the mass integrally of which it forms the base.

,In the iueslike temperatures restin-horizontal planes vthroughout; but from top to' bottom each plane 'is a little cooler than the one next above it. The intensest heat of the furnaceisin theupperchamber, andas the combustion-gas'es descend therefrom through thefluetubes and the lower chamber they impart tlpir heat to the water surrounding,them'untilthey reach the escape-fine comparatively cold. In 4other words,the hot gases from the furnace dei,

seend through the flues in contact with colder and colder strata of water successively until j their` temperature at theoutow approximates the temperature 'of the cold Water at its inflow;

and the Waterentering thel water-space at the 9 5 s1t1on with warmer and warmer strata of gases i bottom is hearted as it rises step by. step in appountil itsV temperature near its outflow approximatesthat ofthe 'inuent hot gases fromjthe furnace, and it is instantaneously converted into steam.

. In practice I have found that in a boiler hav.-

in g about onesquare foot ofgrate-surface to four feet depth of water the temperature Ain the.

steam-space may be maintained for several consecutive days at or about 150. Fahrenheit higher than in the escape-due; and it was found that a powerful artificial draft must be kept up to obtain a higher temperature in theexitfigue than inthe steam-space. It will kbe understood that every additional foot of waterdepth in the boiler adds tothe disparity of top and bottom temperatures, andv coo-lsy the combustion-gases so much the more. To discharge lthe fuel-gases from the flues at any required temperature, the velocity of the draft must IIOy be rightlypropcrtioned to the area ofthe grate i' and the capacity of the boiler. V While the iire is rstkindling in the furnace, and until the water boils and steamreaches the workingpressure, a suicient draft can be had by in! serting into the exit-fine a smoke-pipe about eight-feet in height. `W'hen the steam is up, the temporary smoke-pipe canbe removed, and thenceforth au exhaust-fan 'or blower or n steam-ejector may -be used to expel the smoke from the escape-flue into the surrounding air;

A blow-off cock in the base-of I This steam-pipe extends within the ilue cenpure steam of the'same temperature, and will Agases from the furnace onward and mingles -with exceeds somewhat that of the steam, the

ing a coarse spray, it can be made to cool the machinery. A similar arrangement of a spray horizontal segment will enable the engineer to l .vh outwhatever sediment the water may deposit in the boiler. A

I will now describe the steam-ejector, also known as the mixing-pipa7 its construction' and uses. v

I provide a suitable gate, which tightly closes the flue-exit from the boiler. A steampipe is made to enter into a' small dischargeiiue, the diameter of which is carefully proportioned to the quantity of gases to be conveyed awayfrom the lower fine chamber.

trally coincident with its long axis and-terminates centrally a few inches from the entrance. The internal diameter of the steam-pipe may be one-third to' one-sixth of that of the flue it penetrates. The caliber of the flue tapers or grows smaller as it' approaches the end of the steam pipe within it, and, having passed this point, it gradually enlarges again. In operation this inner pipe discharges steam outwardly along the flue it penetrates, which, aecording to its tension, creates a Vacuum in the ue behind thesteam-junction, that sweeps the with them. This apparatus, if rightly adjusted,'-can be made to yield the most economical of all artificial drafts, or can produce a very powerful one. Vhen all the steam from the generator passes through the ejector under a pressure of three or four atmospheres, and the temperature of the fuel-gases discharged theremixture comprehends under a diminished tension all the heat force developed from the fuel consumed. 'I his realizes the highest attainable economy, and has also other advantages, as it can be used for heating purposes or to operate the engines on steamships', or wherever a. large quantity of low pressure steam is worked. In compound engines it will be found 4 to be less readily condensed by expansion than require the atmospheric cylinder and the condenser to be enlarged accordingly. lVhen the mixture is employed to drive yan engine of any kind, I provide a cheek-valve, tted in the mixing-pipe below the steam-junction, to act automatically and prevent reversal o f the draft. Into the mixing-pipe', just beyond the. steamjunction, I insert' to the bore, at an acute angle to its longitudinal axis, a s'mall -pipe to convey water, preferably from the lower and colder part of the boilera The volume of water injected I regulate by a stop-cock. Throwfuel-gases and to condense the steam in the mixing-pipe, the hot water so obtained being returned to the feed-water tank. When the mixture of gases' and steam is employed to drive an engine, if the cylinder become heated, a fine spray may temper and protect .the

in the exhaust-pipe of a high-pressure engine may furnish hot feed-water for the boiler.

Ipressure The graduated steam-generator as described will be efficient and economical in all cases where steam of moderate tension is desired; but where strong drafts and fierce fires gencrate steam of very high pressure for highengines wc may still further economize the fuel by adding to the boiler the eguivalcnt ofthe extension of the subaqueous fineV system,

and thereby secure a prolonged cooling of the fuel-gases. In order to attain this end, I provide a tank to stand beside the boiler, which may consist of a multitubular structure within a shell, through the outer compartment of which the gaseous products of combustion driven from the boiler enter at the top, pass downward,l and escape at the bottom, while the feed-water on its way to the boiler enters the tubular compartment at the bottom, fills it, and flows out at the top; or the gases from the fines 4may pass downward through the tubular compartment and the feed-water upward through the outer compartment. This v is to be preferred when steamforce is liableto be generated in the tank. For the very highest steam-pressure worked it is possible that the tank would need to be duplicated.

However. the pressure of steam increases in a more rapid ratio than the temperaturethe temperature in la fractional ratio that progressively diminishes the pressure -iu a constant arithmetical ratio. Thus steam at thirty pounds pressure per square inch (above atmospheric) has a temperature of 27 5.20 Fahrenheit; at seventy-five pounds, 320.360; at one hundred and twenty pounds, 350.780--that is to say, the pressures are as one` two and oneand four, andthe corresponding temperatures as one and th'ree-eighths, one and th ree fifths, and aone and three-fourths. 'Further. more, the exhaust-steam of high-pressure engines can be utilized by my invention to run the ejector, and the mixture of-.gascs and of steam carried through the supplementary tank and condensed therein will give up its sensible heat to the vfeed-water. VBy this means the caloric derived from the exhaust-steam can be returned to the boiler and be used in the cylinder again and again. In the meantime the heat in the tank becomes cumulative to suchl a degree ,that in a very short time after starting the engine the furnace-fire can be diminished, and even then there will be a superabundance of heat in the tank, which may be capable of producing steam in excess, but never at any time able to raise it to the working-pressure without aid from the more intense heat of the furnace. The surplus can be devoted to heating and ventilation.-

That my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the same more in detail by the aid of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate what I consider the' best means of carrying out my invention.4

i Referring to the drawings, Figure lis a central vertical section of my improved steamgenerator. Fig. 2 is acentral Vertical section of a modificatiouof my invention. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line af x, Fig.

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2.I Fig. 4 is a front elevation. F'g; 5 is a transverse section' takenon theline y y, Fig.

v 2." Fig'. 6 `is a centralvertical section oimy improved feed-water tank. Fig. Z is a central 5 vertical section, showing my invention es ap plied to vertical boilers. t f

- Similar letters of ,reference indicate correspondiug parts wherever they occur. A represents a shellV formed of boiler-iron or 1o other suitable materiahwhich in the drawings Lis shown of a cylindrical form and -inclosinga water-space, B, 'and a 'ste.a;m space,`l (L- The shell Ais provided with a feed-waterpipe, D' .at the bottom 'or lower end thereof,- and *with f a steam-pipe, E, 'and safety-valve F at v the top o r upper end.A The shell A of the'boiler contains' within thewater=space B, and'surround- 'ed yon all sides by water, a multitubular struct-v ure,vG, conssting of 'can upper'jchamber, G', and; a llower chamber, G2 connected together by 4aseries of tubes,-Gs,so arranged that "the jwhole of the series of tubes G3 shall communicate one with the othr through the Imedium of the chambersG G2, thereby constituting a ,thermostatic balance. .Through the outer inclosed in a Water-hood, a cast-'iron pipe, H9, (see`.}ig. .1,)l may serve as .an air-inlet'abovc the fine H8 may be regulated, as showmby a;

slide or valve, H, fitted to-theffrorrtef the furnace, ory by any other suitable means.l {Byd this means' the furnace or fire-bex' H` receives,

' aproperly-regulatedsupply of intensely-heat- 7 5- ed air arranged to mingle with the flames just vatthe mouthI of the secondary combustim" chamber G', and? by this means the loss yof `heat f --from the top orfupper part ofthe furnace H is prevente J J J'l arega; series -of tubes intercrossing one-anothei'and connecting the opposite sides 4. of the water-hoods. vTo prevent cushioning of steam in 'the annex boiler K, I arrange. a

series of water-pipes, J', extending across the 8 5 upper chamber, G,-and passing through the dre-plate g at equal distances apart, and terj minating {iush with its upper surface. v

The upper part of the furnace end of the ter-hoods by means of atube, b5-

'lhe iniiow of water is regulated bya valve placed in the shell, A, anentrance, A', Vto the upper 4cham- .tube b.v Similar tubes also connect the other l ber, G', is formed, and an exit or,outlet, g,'from the lower chamber, G2, is formed, yas shown by Figs. 1 and v2." The parts are soiformed and constructed that no leakage shall take place between lthe multitubular structure Gand the surrounding space within the shell A.; The upper plate, gf, andthe lower plate, Q?,bf the,l chambers G Giareby preference 'joined or bolted to thel shell A at their circumference, seas effectuallyto. divide the water-space B into separate sections, wh ich are connected-tw gether by water-tubesb.

Hlis the furnace, which' is provided with a lining of re-brick,-'soapstne, or other suita-l ble material, which maybe inclosed in a Water-hood or 'water-hoods, asfshown in Fig.v1 by preference of a semi-elliptical shape in transverse section, and abutting against the Aboil'ereshell A in such ,manner -that itsfaroh-4 way h nearly coincides in its span withe the upper semicircle of the entrance A to theupwper'iiue-chambeu-G, and is continuous there' with. rI he furnace H is provided with an ashpit, H', a grate, H2, and a combustion-chamber, Hi.v -Above the grate H2 a feeding-door, H4, is providedforthe supply of fuel', and below'the grate H'la door, H5, forthe'removal of ashes and' for the regulation ofthe draftto the furnace. I E

In Fig. 2 L show supported upo'nthe sidesV of the furnace H, near its top and built into the wall thereof, an arch, 1j,-`byf',preference formedof cast-iron.l This, arch H'formstlie dome of the combhstion-,ehambl Above the arch H6, I construct 'afbrick arch, HT, one,` i

two, or more inches above the arch Hf, there by leaving an open space between the Aarches He and HT, for the purpose of fdrming au'a'ir- 6 5 flue, Hs,which' Iprefer to be open-at all times `for the admission'of air at the boilerend 'of the" f sections.

Above the secondary combustion chamber `or section G ,I construct the annex boiler K, having the waterspace B and the 'steam-space"V C. This boiler may be strengthened by braces N N, Fig. 1, orl other suitablemeaus. It is zontal partition, g,bcneath it, which'also serves` as a iire-p1ate and las the roof of the secondary combustion chamber or section Gr. It is fitted ywith a safety-valve,F, steam-pipeE, yand alsof vwith suitable water-cocks, gages, &c n (Not shown.)` This anne-x boiler may be `of any re-l quired form.

'M isa steamlejector or mixingfpipe, Which is provided with la gate= or val'v m, which` controls a flue or boiler.,` A steam-pipe, VE,`conn ectec"l atone endwith the steam-space chamber K, is conducted into a'smalldischargeflue, m, .the caliber of which the end of lthe steam-pipe E, when it gradually/enlarg'es again. The pipe E is formed ofv adiameter'- in proportion to the quantity of gases desired to be carried away from th'elowi er chamber, G". The pipe E is arranged cen-Jv 12o trally ofi-the ue m2, and extends, by'prefeience, about six` (6),inches within the same, in positionto cause a current of steam to be centrally alongtheflue" 'm2, thereby4 creating a' ducts of combustion andgascs from the furnace H onWaId and mir'igling/.w-ith'-- th'e'ij In t'heyertical portion of the 'pipe M, ,I ar-lA range-a1 check-valve, m, whichis so cons ruot-l othewise encounter,resistance.r l

m* is a small piperthefupperendjowhich fsaid passage or ue He. When the furnacegs the grate. The quantity of air admittedto 7o horizontal section Gr5 is connected t0 the Wa- 9o separated fromthe rest of the shell'byfahripassage, m',leading4 tol the Up;

tapers o r grows ,smallerat mi until it passes r1 5 g ed as to'prevent the draft being reversed when 130, fthe-mixture isl employed torivean engine orf nected with the water-space of the boiler, by

feed-water Atank shown.)

vpreference at its lower and coolest end, as' shown in the drawings. Thevolume of water from the pipe 'mi is regulated by a stopeock, 'mi'. The spray of Coldwater issuing from the pipe m is employed -to cool the fuelgases issuing from the furnace, and also to condense the steam in themxing-pipe. The hot water thus obtained is returned to the by a suitable pipe. (Not M is al large flue-exit from Athe bottom of the lower chamber, G, connecting with a suitable1 smokepipeor chimney, as desired. W'heu the ejectoifor mixinglpipe M is used, this tine-exit is tightly closed by a'damper, m

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letterslatent, 1s

l. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a thermostatic tine system, as described, a feed-water inlet, Asectional water-spaces and their connections, and an annex boileiywith its steam dome, snbstantiallyfas.shown ,fand set forth. l

2. The combination, inA a steam-generator, ot' a furnace, a secondary combustionchamber, a thermostatie i'luesystem, as desciibcd, and au'annex boiler, substantially as andv i'or the 'purpose set forth.

3. The combination, 1n a steam-generator,-

of a thermostatic flue system, as described, 4secondary combustion chamber, asystem 4of water-tubes crossing saidchamber, and an' annex boiler, thewhole being arranged to operate substantially as shown anddescribed.

4f. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a thermostatic ilue\system, as described, a secondary combustionchamber, anannex boiler, and an air-inlet pipe adapted to heat and disch arge a current of air into the entrance of the secondary combustion chamber, the whole being arranged to operate substantially as shown and described.l

5. The combination, in a steam-generator,

of a thermostatic iiue system, as describefl, a secondary combustion chamber, an annex boilerliavinc a iirelate' and aseries of o water-pipes, J', adapted to prevent' the cushioning. of steam in the annex boiler, substantiallyas shown and described.

6. Thethermostatic tine system vdescribed and shown, consist-ing 0f .two or 'more cham'- bers connected by multitubular dues, the chambers containing numerous crossed and interspaced water-tubes, substantially as and I for lthe purposes set forth:

7. The thermostaticflue system described vand shown, consisting of two or inorechambers connected by multitubular flues, each chamber being iuclose'l in a separate waterh ood and containing numerous crossed and interspaccd 'water-t1'1bes, substantially as dcscribed and shown.

.8. A boileushell constructed with two elbows, the one nearest the furnace extending 'combustion-chamber and an annex boiler, with its steam-dome, tle other being the rear end of the shell prolonged downward, and adapted to contain a lower' chamber inclosed .in its water-hood, and to receive th e feedlwater-inlet pipe and smokeexit iiucs, substantially as and for the purposes set1'orth.` A

9. [n combination with athermostatic steam generator, a spraying-pipe adapted to operate, as described, either to condense steam vfrom pipe E or temper the products of combustion employed as a source ot' motive power, substantially as sho'wn and described.

l0. In combination with atherm'ostaticsteamgenerator, the spraying-pipe m ,in combination with steam-pipe l und smoke and steam in ixing pipe M, substantially as and i'orlthe pnrposes set i'orth. 1 l

In witness whereof I have hereuntosctmy Ahand' this 20th day ot' June, 1883.

."I. A crimen.

Witnesses: v

'WAL lrcnanns, Mounts H.- SMITH.

.upward and adapted-to -contain a. secondary

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