US340183A

US340183A - yacoubenco

Info

Publication number: US340183A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1886-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 1903-04-20

Description

(NoModel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. YAGOUBBNGO.

STEAM BOILBR. v

pr. zo, 1a86.

Patented A Ill N. PETERS. Pholo-Lhtgnphlr. Washingion, D. C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. YACOUBENGO.

STEAM BOILER.

Patented Apr. 20, 1886.

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N. Perses. Phommmnpnsr. www. nc;

UNITED STATES lPATENT einen.

ALEXIS YACOUBENCO, OF KIEFF, RUSSIA.

STEAM-BOILER.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,183. dated April 20, 1886.

Application filed January 9, 1886. Serial No. 188,079.

ing Straight Flues; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or iigures oi' reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. Y

y In the construction of steam-generators,and more especially in stationary generators, it has been the aim to so construct the generator as to present a maximum area or surface to the intluence of the heat and products of combustion from the furnace. This has resulted in the ordinary generator-,in which are arranged the fire-tubes for the passage of the heat and products of combustion lon their Way to the smoke-stack, also in what is called the multitubular generator]7 which practically consists of a group of small boilers so arranged as to afford a passage between them for the heat and products of combustion. Other forms of generators have resulted also from this aim to increase the heating surfaces thereof.

The object of this invention is to construct a steam-generator offering a maximum heating-surface to the heat and products of combustion from thel furnace with a minimum liability to explosion.

The further object of this invention is to provide more ettieient m eans for heat-ing steamgenerators and economizing fuel.

To these ends the invention consists, first, in a steam-generator composed of two or more connected groups of small boilers or boilertubes arranged and connected in battery or series` substantially as hereinafter more fully described; secondly, in the combination, with one or more connected groups of steam-boilers or boiler-tubes arranged and connected in battery or series, of a'steam-dome or reservoir common to all of the boilers of the group or groups for superheating the steam in the dome, substantially as hereinafter fully described; thirdly, in the combination, with one' or more (No model.)

connected groups of steam-boilers arranged and connected in battery or series, of a feeder common to all the boilers of a group and to the series of groups, substantially as hereinafter fully described; and, lastly, the invention consists in certain details of construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, substantially as hereinafter fully described.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specitication, and

Ain which like letters indicate like parts,

Figure l is alongitudinal vertical section oi' a steam generator embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken on line .fc x of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a similar view taken on line yy ot' said Fig. l; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal transverse section of a portion of the structure in which the generator is con- IY usually employ two groups of boiler-V tubes, arranged in battery or series, one iu front of the other; but when the temperature of the gases and products of combustion as they reach the stack from the second group of boilers orboiler-tubes reaches or exceeds 200o centigrade, then I employ three successive groups of boiler-tubes.

According to the capacity the generator is to have, I employ one or more boilers arranged consecutively-that is to say, tandem fashionor one boiler or group of boilers behind the other.

In'practice I have found that the diameter of the boilers when arranged in groups should not be less than about fifty centimeters in order to render them accessible for cleaning,and the length of such boilers orboiler-tubes will of course dependen the heating-surface required.

In the above drawings I have shown two groups of boilers arranged immediately above the furnace-grate G, and above aud on opposite sides of the fire-bridge B, and Consist- IOO ing of nineboilers;and the other,consisting of six boilers, is arranged in rear of the firstgroup.

In practice I support the boilers in such manner as to give them a sligbtinclination, the boilers of the first group being inclined towards the front and those of the second group toward the rear of the structure or masonry M, that constitutes the housing of the generator. connected with oneanother by means of tubes t, either at both ends, or, preferably, at one end only, as shown.

When the boiler-tubes are connected with one another at one end only there is no resistance otferedto their expansion and cont-raction under varyingtempertures. This would,

however,be the case when the boilers are connected at both ends by rigid tubular connections, and when so connected means are to be provided to permit the expansion and contraction referred to. This may be accomplished by employing telescopic connectingtubes. It will, however, readily be seen that with the latter connection care must be had to maintain a tight joint.

By connecting the boiler-tubes with one another atone end only Iam enabled to employ connecting-tubes of very thin sheet metal, comparatively, and protect the same against direct action of the heat by means of any suitable refractory material or by inclosing them in a sheetmetal casing. The heat and products of combustion pass from the furnace-grate G, between and around the boilers of both groups and in a straight line directly to the chimney C, in rear ofthe vlast group of tubes, through the parallel passages or iinesfff. (Shown in Fig. 4.) By means of this arrangement there is vno interruption or sudden check to the flow of the gases and products of combustion on their way to the chimney C, thus securing a better draft, and consequently a more thorough combu tion ofthe fuel.

Each boiler T is closed at one end by alremovable lid, L', toV afford access thereto for purposes of cleaning.

In the first group, the tubes of which pro ject slightly beyond the front wall ofthe furnace, I form a tight joint between the contacting surfaces of the tubes and lids by means of any suitable packing; but the like surfaces of the second or third group, if a `known that the majority of boiler-explosions are due to low'water, aud the introduction of feed-water which comes in contact with the The boilers of each group are overheated boiler-surfaces, resulting inwhat is termed as'hing and producing an instantaneous inordinate volume of steam, a pressure beyond that which the boiler can resist. For this reason I prefer to feed the wa- `ter into that group farthest from the source of heat, or in the last group in the series.

The feeding of the water to the boiler-tubes is controlled automatically, andthe feed mechauism is constructed and operated as follows: D, Fig. 1, is a vertical dome or chamber provided with a water-gage, D', 'in which chamber is contained a float, F, the upper end of the stem of which is connected with a crank, c, secured to the plug or stem ot a valve or stopcock in t-he feed-pipe- P, through which the water is forced in the direction of the arrows by a pump or other suitable and usual forcing device, which I have deemed unnecessary to show, as these devices and the mode of operating the same are well known. The pipeP is connected with one or more ofthe lower boilers, preferably the lower central boiler, which is connected by tubes t twith the two boilers, on opposite sides thereof, as shown in F.g. 3. As the water reaches the upper boiler of the series, it passes therefrom by a short pipe, p, with which it is connected by a pipe, P', that extends to the front of the generator and there connects with branches p', that communicate with both of the lower boilers and the boilers T of the first group. or with the said lower boilers and the boilers T above them, or only With those immediately over lthe fire-bridge.

In practice I prefer to introduce the feedwater to all the boilers of the first group, which are most exposed to the direct action of the heat from the furnace for obvious purposes.

-The float F in the fioat chamber or dome D is soarranged that the level of t-he water in said chamber will normally stand above the level ofthe highest end of the boiler' with which the chamber is connected, and will have to rise considerably in the chamber beforethe lioat closes the stop-cock in pipe P, so that the-level of the water can never-fall below that of the highest end of the upper boiler of the second group, at which end the float-chamber D is arranged. t

As the boilers of the firstgroup, or that part thereof which is most exposed to the direct action of theheat, lie on a lower level than that of the end of the upper boiler of the second group, the water in said boilers of the first group can never fallso low as to expose unprotectedsurfaces to the action ofthe heat on the furnace. Should this, however, from some unaccountable cause take place and one ofthe boilers explode, it need not necessarily carry with it the destructionof the entire generator, nor would in any case such damages result as result in explosions of generators of usual construction.

The feeding of the groups of boilers may be IOO IIO

further controlled by-a-hand-valve yor stoptales e y cock, S, in pipe P, and bya like valve or stopcock, S', in pipe P', as shown in Fig. 1. I am aware that automatic feeding devices operating substantially like the devices above described are not new, and I do not desire to claim these broadlyor per se.

Above the structure or masonry M of the generator are arranged tvvo steam-reservoirs, R R, though a single one may be employed according to the capacity of the generator. These reservoirs are connected by mean'srof pipes r rwith a transverse pipe, r', that is connected by suitable branches, rwith the upper set of boiler-tubes, T, of the forward group at their rear or higher end, as more plainly shown in Fig. 1, to convey the steam generated in the group of boilers to the said reservoirs, the connecting-pipes r r whereof lead from the bottom of the reservoirs to the crosspipe r, and the two reservoirs are preferably connected together by 'a pipe or. pipes, 1". Through each reservoir Rextendsa pipe, E,that has its initial within the kpassage for the gases and products of combustion of the generator at a point peferably intermediate ofthe first and secondgroupsofboilersanditsterminalwithin said passage at a point in rear of the last group of the boilers and in proximity to the chimney C.` A portion of the heat from the furnace may thus be conducted through the reservoirs, for the purpose of drying or superheating the steam therein, and the heat regulated by means of a damper, e, connected with a suitable operating-lever that extends outside of the inclosing structure ofthe generator.

To prevent unconsumed fuel that may be vcarried along the draft fines or passages, or ashes from being carried and deposited in said heating-pipes E, I cover their mouths with a reticulated guardas, for instance. a basket or shield of woven-wire cloth or perforated sheet metal, e', as shown in Fig. 1.

H H are pipes rising from therear ends of the reservoirs R R, through which and the p ipe I, connected therewith, the steam, dry steam, or superheated steam is taken for use.

The float-chamberD is connected by means of a pipe, d, with the reservoirs R, to allow the steam which may form or collect therein to escape, and when the steam from `the dis chargepi pe is cut off, the pressure throughout the generator will be.equalized by steam from the reservoirs entering the dome float-chamber and .exerting its pressure on the water therein, as will be readily understood.

In order to economize heat, and consequently fuel, by preventing radiation, the masonry or inclosing structure for the generator is provided in its sides and roof with air fines or passages m m2. Those m on half of the structure communicate with thelouter air through a valved passage, M', Fig. 2, and those m2, formed in the other half of the structure, with a like passage opening into the ash-pit at M2, so that air more or less heated may be taken from below the grate. These tlues or air-passages m m2 may be connected with the chimney C, if desired; but I prefer to connect the tlues or passages m by transverse passages ma, at or near the rear end of the structure, Fig. 1, with the passages or fines m', so that a cir- .cuit is established, having its initial commui- The chamber or ash-pit A,below the grate G, communicates by a valved opening or openings, a, with a chamber, A', that extends nearly the entire length of the structure below its arched sole or bottom M3.

In `the rear wall of the fire-bridge B are openings b, provided with adamper, b,through which the heated air that passes from the conduits m2 through M2 into the said ash-pit may be admitted in rear of the tire-bridge and there mingle with the heated gases and products of combustion, a second series of openings, a', being formed in the sole or bottom M3 of the structure M, some distance in rear of the firebridge, preferably intermediate of the two groups of boilers, to supply heated air from chamber A to the heated gases and products of combustion on their way to the stack, thereby eii'ecting as complete a combustion of the fuel as is possible and utilizing all the heat resulting therefrom.

Another advantage derived from this construction lies in the fact that the air supplied to the fuel through M may be taken from any desirable part of a factory or workshop where pernicious gases are present from any source, and these may then be conducted to the furnace, to be there consumed and their deleterious influences destroy ed.

Byproviding air-ducts in the walls and be low the bottom or sole M3 of the inclosing structure of the generator, vthe said structure is protected froln intense heat and will consequently last much longer than would be-the case if the walls thereof were solid.

The lower tier of boilers of the last group of the series-that is to say, that group which is farthest from the source of heat-are provided with sediment'traps K, and connected by a valved pipe, la, with a trough, L, into which the sediment collected in the traps may from time to time be discharged.

By arranging the groups of boilers consecutively, and feeding in the water to, the lower set of tubes of the group farthest from the source of heat, theimpurities introduced will usually precipitate before they are carried to .the upper tiers of boilers, and may by theA means described be readily discharged. The water, after reaching those groups of boilers more directly under the inuence of the furnace-heat, will therefore be almost absolutely free from sediment, and incrustations at the points where this is most undesirable and dangerous are thereby prevented..

The feed-water pipe P', thatconnects the rear set or group of boilers with that or with those in front of it, passes through one of the air-ducts-namely, that m, which is the widest and immediately above the arch or crown of the structure-and separates the series of air! ducts m on one side of the furnace from the series of air-ducts mi on the opposite side, and in the Walls of said duct m are formed the communicating-passages m, as shown in Fig. 1, llike passages being formed in the walls of the other ducts at their rear ends. By means ofl this arrangement .the water coming from the rear group of boilers cannot be cooled on its way tothe boilers of the4 other groups.

In View of the small diameter ot' the boilers a comparatively light sheet metal can be employed in their construction.

My improvements, or at least themost essential parts thereof' may be applied to existing steani-ge1ierators without great alteration of the inclosingstructure.

1. A steam-generator consisting of two or more connected boilers or groups of such ar-V ranged in battery, tandem fashion, or one be-` hind `the other, in a chamber common to all the boilers or groups or boilers, substantially ranged in battery, tandem fashion, or one be?v hind the other, in a chamber common to all of them, in combination with a furnace and chimney located, respectively, at opposite ends of said chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A steam-generator consisting of two or more connected boilers or groups of such arranged in battery, tandem fashion, or one behind the other, in a chamber common to all of them, in combination with a furnacelocated at one end of said chamber, a boiler-feeder located at and connected with the end of the boiler or group of boilers farthest from the furnace, and a chimney located at the end of the chamber opposite to that at which the furnace is located, substantially as and for the purpose speci-tied.

4. AThe herein -described improvement in steam-generators, consistingof two or `more connected boilers or groups of such arranged tandem fashion, or one behind the other, in a chamber common to all of them, a non-inter rupted passage for the heat and products of combustion extending in a straight line along and around said boilers from the furnace to the chimney, and a non-interrupted air-circuit extending through the Walls of said chamrupted passage forthe heat and products of combustion extending in a straightline along and around said boilers from the furnace to the chimney, a passage-in the roof of the chamber connected with .the different groupsof boilers, and a passage or chamber below said boilers in communication with the boiler-chamber and the ash-pit by valved passages, substantially as and tor the purpose specified.

6. A steam-generator,consisting of two or more connected boilers `arranged in battery, tandem fashion, or one behind the other, one or more, of ,said boilers being arranged on an inclined plane, as and for the purpose speci- 7. A steam-generator consisting of two or more groups of connected boilers arranged Ain battery, tandem fashion, or one group behind the other, one or more of the series being arranged oni-aninclined plane, as and for the purpose specified.

`8. In a steamgenerator, two or more boilers or groups of boilers arranged in battery, tandem fashion, or one behind the other, a furnace located at one'end ofthe series of boilers or groups of boilers,and a boiler-feeder located at and connected with therend of the boiler or group of Aboilers. farthest from the furnace Aand operating to feedy all the boilers or groups of-boilers, in combination with4 a heater for heating the feedwater as it passes from one boiler or group of boilers to the other, substantially as described.

9. In a steam-generator, a furnace, two or more boilers vor groups of boilers arranged tandem fashion, or onebehind the other, and

a steam dome or reservoir common to all the `boilers or groups of such, in combination with a-heateroperating to dry or superheat the steamv in the dome or reservoir by means of heat derived from. the furnace, substantially as-described.

l0. In a` steam generator, au inclosingstructure for the boiler` andfurnace, in whose lateral walls and roof are formed air-ducts, a tire-bridge extending across the draft passage or passages in rear of therfurnace, van ash-pit below the furnace-grate, and an air-chamber in rear of the fire-bridge below the sole or bottom of the structurein communication with theash-pit and draft-passages through valved openings, the air-ducts in the walls and roof of the structure forming an air-circuit that has its initialin communication with the atmosphere and its terminal in the space below the grate, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

l1. In a steam-generator, the combination,

IOO

with one or more boilers or groups of boilers l being arranged at ahigher level than the highio arranged tandem fashion, or one behind the l est level of the series of boilers, substantially other, and a steam dome or reservoir common as and for the purpose specified.

to all such boilers, of a boiler-feeder consist- In testimony whereof I afx my signaturein ing of a float operating a stop or valve in the presence of two witnesses.

feed-pipe and located ina float-chamber con- ALEXIS YACOUBENCO. neoted with the last boiler or one of the boil- Witnesses:

ers of the last group of such of the series and I N. TSCHEKALOFF,

L. Voss.

with the steam-reservoir, said float-chamber