US1227512A

US1227512A - Facing-tool for dressing valve-seats, &c.

Info

Publication number: US1227512A
Application number: US389815A
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas B Williams; Frank L Smith
Original assignee: Leavitt Machine Co
Current assignee: Leavitt Machine Co
Priority date: 1915-01-23
Filing date: 1915-01-23
Publication date: 1917-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 1934-05-22

Description

T. B. WILLIAMS & F. L. SMITH;

FACING TOOL FOR DRESSING VALVE SEATS, &c. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1915.

l ,227 5 l 2., Patented May 22, 1917.

2 SHEETSSHEET l.

T. B. WILLIAMS & F. L. SIVHTH.

FACING TOOL FOR DRESSING VALVE SEATS, 6w. APPLICATION FILED JAHIZS. I915.

Patented May 22, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- II IIIIIIE II L l'ngemlozw 4 2 W 4'. M

cfarfa g UNITED STATES PATENT @FFIIIE THOMAS B. WILLIAMS, 0]? ORANGE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND FRANK It. SMITH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGN'ORS TO THE LEAVITT MACHINE COMPANY, OF ORANGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION 0F MASSACHUSETTS.

FACING-TOOL FOR DRESSING VALVE-SEATS, 850.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22, 191W.

Application filed January 23, 1915. Serial No. 3,898.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, TI-IoMAs B. IVIL- LIAMS, and FRANK L. SMITH, citizens of the United States, and residents, respectively, of Orange, in the county of Franklin and State of Massachusetts, and Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Facing-Tools for Dressing Valve- Seats, &c., of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to a facing-tool for dressing valve-seats, etc, and particularly to a tool adapted for recutting valve-seats, etc., that have become worn or pitted as a result of long use, this class of tools being of a type especially adapted for attachment to a valve-casing and refacing a valve-seat in a pipeline, or other location in sit-u.

In a companion application filed by us January 23, 1915, Serial No. 3897, we have disclosed a tool of this general character which differs radically from the types of tools heretofore generally used for facing such valve-seats. In said prior tools, of which that shown in the patent to Morse, No. 429,939, granted June 10, 1890, is 'typical, the general direction of the tool is lengthwise of the cutting axis and the tool is constructed for attachment to a single resistance point or surface, as for example, the threaded or flanged opening of a valve-casing. The tool disclosed in our aforesaid application has a general direction transverse to, instead of longitudinal of, the axis of the cutter and is constructed to work against or between two or more separated resistance points or surfaces, the tool as a whole being adapted for insertion in the space between two separated valve-seats and to do its work while in contact with them. The tool disclosed in said application comprises two main members one of which is a cutter and the other a cutterbar, both disposed transversely to the axis of the cutter, said cutter-bar being a single, solid bar from end to en d. Because of this said cutter-bar even though bent at a point near the axis of the cutter to present a substantially convex face toward the inner face of the cutter, has a comparatively limited range of action so far as the refacing of valve-seats disposed at a considerable relative distance apart, is conv cerned,

The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved valve-facing tool of the general type described in said application, that is, one having a general direc' tion transverse to the cutting axis and working against separated resistance points or irfaces lying outside the tool, but capable of operating upon surfaces disposed at considerably greater distances apart. This result is accomplished by employing a sectional cutter-bar the sections of which are shiftable to different relative transverse positions, said cutter-bar being preferably a lever having main and auxiliary sections pivoted together with means for adjusting them to and holding them in any desired relative angular position within the limits of the tool, to enable said tool to cooperate properly with surfaces or valve-seats disposed at a relatively great distance apart and lying in any relative position from the largest acute angle within the capacity of the tool down to parallelism. In order to obtain a great transverse separation of the load-point from the line connecting the fulcrum and power points, the auxiliary section of the lever is preferably a yoke into which the short arm of the main section of the lever extends, and the load-point ofthe lever is preferably located between the pivot of the yoke and the extreme end of said short arm of the main section of the lever.

As in the aforesaid application, the cutterbar or lever also has means near its fulcrumpoint for locating said bar or lever lengthwise and against turning movement about the cutting axis. In the present case, however, said locating means is carried mainly by the auxiliary section or yoke, which cooperates directly with one of the resistance surfaces and embodies the fulcrum-point of the lever. The main section of the lever, preferably that part of it extending into said yoke, carries the load-point of the lever, which may be adjustable in position as in the aforesaid application, but in all of its positions is preferably below the point of pivotal connection of the main and auxiliary sections of the cutter-bar or lever. The result of this construction is that the auxiliary section or yoke may be swung away from the main section of said bar or lever and located at a very considerable acute angle thereto while the cutting is maintained in or close to a normal position, that is, perpendicular, or nearly so, to the valve-seat, or other surface, with which the cutter-bar cooperates. The loadpoint of this lever is, as in the aforesaid application, preferably in one element of a universal connection, such as a ball-andsocket joint, for operatively connecting the cutter and the cutter-bar when the tool is in action, and, as in said prior application, the element of the connection carried by the cutter-bar is adjustable lengthwise of the tool for cooperation with valve-seats of different diameters and also crosswise of the tool for cooperation with valve-seats disposed at different distances apart. In the present case, however, the element of the universal connection which i carried by the cutter-bar is on the main section of said bar or lever and not on the auxiliary section in which the fulcrum-point is located. The adjusting and holding means for moving the element of the universal connection just described (and hence the load-point of the lever) lengthwise and crosswise of the cutter-bar are also preferably carried by the main section of said cutter-bar and not by the auxiliary section or yoke.

Other features of the present invention not hereinbefore referred to will be hereinafter described and claimed and are illus trated in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 is a sectional edge elevation of a facing tool embodying the present improvements in operative relation with a pair of parallel valve-seats, and illustrates one setting of the sections of the cutter-bar or lever;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the device shown in Fig. 1 looking from the right in said figure toward the cutter-bar of the tool;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation of the cutter-bar and parts carried thereby (partly broken away), looking at the inner face ofsaid cutter-bar;

Fig. 1 is a similar view looking at the outer face of the CLltlJGP-bElII Fig. 5 is a substantially central, longitudinal section of the same looking at the edge thereof and showing one setting of the main section. and the yoke;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the main section of the same, the section being taken substantially in line 66, Fig. 3, and

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5 of the lower portion of the cutter-bar showing the parts in the same relative positions but wholly in elevation.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

As before stated, the facing-tool of the present invention is intended to be introduced between two valve-seats or other surfaces to be dressed and perform its functions while disposed in a general direction transverse to the axis of its rotary cutter. As in our aforesaid application, the cutting axis passes substantially through the centers of the opposed resistance surfaces or valve-seats with which the tool is intended to cooperate, and the cutter is operated preferably by a ratchet-feed device having a lever for imparting a step-by-step movement to the cutter through the ratchet-feed substantially as in our prior patent, No. 1,028,295, granted June 1, 1912. The cutter itself is also preferably of the same general type as disclosed in our said patent, that is, it has a multiplicity of cutting edges, or cutters proper, the edges of which lie in a common plane and operate with a scraping action to form a new valve-seat.

The two main elements of the present tool, as of that of our aforesaid application, are the cutter with its operating means just described and a cutter-bar having the functions of the corresponding element of the tool shown in our aforesaid application. The ratchet-feed cutter here illustrated is designated generally by A and may be of any suitable type; and the cutter-bar, which is preferably in the form of a lever, is designated by B. These two main elements of the tool will usually have a face-to-face connection permitting ready connection and disconnection thereof. This connection will be such as to permit one of the main elements to be inserted between the valve-seats in a casing-head in advance of the other and the second member afterward inserted and the complementary bearing elements then brought into proper relation. The connection is preferably made by a universal joint having ball-and-socket elements, 2 and 3, which permit the proper relative location of the elements A and B by merely inserting the ball part 2 into the socket 3 after the two elements have been located substantially in working position between the opposed valveseats, such as 1" and r, of the valvecasing, C. This universal connection will of course permit the same relative tipping of the parts to enable the cutter to face surfaces at various angles as in the connection shown in our aforesaid patent and in our other prior patent, No. 1,012,926, granted Dec. 26, 1911.

The element A is shown as a ratchet-feed cutter comprising a lever, Z, a cutter proper, c, and a ratchet-feed connection between the lever Z and said cutter c for converting oscillating movement of said lever about the cutting axis into a step-by-step rotation of the cutter proper. The cutter c has a multiplicity of cutting blades or cutters proper, c, constructed to operate upon the surface to be dressed with a scraping action, as set forth in our aforesaid patents. The specific features of novelty of this ratchet-feed cutface, such as r.

ter constitute the subject matter of a separate application filed by us January 23, 1915, Serial No. 3900 and will not be described in detail herein.

The other main element B is, as in our companion application aforesaid, preferably in the form of a bar readily insertible down into the valve-casing C to the desired point to bring it to the working position in operative relation with the other main element A. The construction shown is one in which this bar forms a support for the cutter. As illustrated, the cutter-bar constitutes a lever, the fulcrum of which is a point of contact with the resistance surface or valve-seat with which it cooperates. its construction should be such that with the member A it will lie and work between the resistance pointsor surfaces, such as 1 and 1*,and there will be relative movement between these two main members to permit them to be brought into clamping engagement with said surfaces and readily released therefrom by movement in the direction of the cutting axis. The fulcrumpoint of the lever B is substantially at the lower end of the outer face thereof, that is, it is the point of contact of said lever, with the corresponding resistance point or sur- This cutter-bar 0r lever is intended to support the cutter and also performs other important functions, one of the principal ones being that of feeding the cutter up to the work. Here this feeding movement is a slow and gradual swinging of the lever 13 about its fulcrum toward the left in Fig. 1.

The principal feature that distinguishes the cutter bar or lever B of the present invention from that of our aforesaid applica- .tion is that here the cutter-bar is jointed so that the elements thereof may change their relative positions, whereas in the cutter-bar of our companion application aforesaid said bar is solid and has no such capacity for change. The preferred construction is one in which the cutter-bar or lever is made up of two pivotally connected elements, one of which is a main section b, and the other of which is an auxiliary, section preferably in the form of a short yoke 7 pivoted to the main section 6 near the lower end thereof. This pivot is indicated at 25 and may be of any suitable type. One of these elements, in this case the main section b, is intended to contain the loadpoint of the lever while the fulcrum-point is located in the other element, to wit, in the auxiliary section or yoke '11. In the present construction the power-point of this cutter-bar or lever is also intended to be located in the main section b, it being in this construction in an element adjustable lengthwise of said main section, the element shown being an adjustable screw-stud, such as 5, movable in a main guide-slot, 6, prefglg erably extending substantially from end to end of said main section b, said screw-stud being intended to be clamped in place in any adjusted position lengthwise of the part b, as by me ans of the usual knurled clamp-nut 7. The extreme outer end of the screw-stud 5 constitutes the power-point of the lever B to which pressure is applied for imparting a feed. movement to the lever and through it to the cutter 0 to feed the latter as the cutting members 0 are turned to take their chips. This feed movement may be produced in various ways, any suitable feed device, such as F, being employed to cooperate with the lever B at the power point of the latter for this purpose. The feed device F shown is detachably connected to the flanged portion, 8, of the valve-ca ing (l in a well-known manner, as by clampscrews 9. The main element of the feed device shown is a feed-screw, 10, having a knurled head 11, and a cupped inner end for cooperation with the powenpoint, 5, of the lever 13, this feed device being the same as that disclosed in our aforesaid application. The adjacent surfaces of the power-point of this lever and the feed-screw are so shaped as to cooperate properly in all relative positions of the parts, that is, at all angles which they may make as the feed progresses. It will be clear that because of the end contact which these devices make with each 0th .r the feed device and the tool considered as a whole are as readily separable as are the two main elements A and B of the tool proper, by disconnection at the ball-joint 23. Moreov r, the disconnection takes place by a movement in a direction substantially parallel with the direc tion of movement for disconnecting said ball-joint. The principal object of providing for adjustment of the "position of the power-point of the lever B is to enable said lever to cooperate properly with valve-seats, etc., of different diameters, this adjustment being necessary in any tool adapted to operate on valve-seats differing considerably in diameter. The adjustment shown provides for a considerable range of action of the tool.

As before stated, one element of the pivotal connection between the two main elements A and B is carried by the cutterbar or lever 1? near the lower end thereof, that is, near the fulcrum of said lever. The load-point of said lever is in this pivotal element, making an id lever a lever of the second order. For the same reasons set forth in connection with the powerpoint of the lever it is desirable to provide for shifting the load-point thereof; and in the construction illustrated this is accomplished in a manner similar to that described in connection with the power-point. Here the ball element 2 of the pivotal or universal connection between the parts r. and B is at the inner end of a threaded screw-post, 12, slid-able through a slide-block 13, movable up and down in the guide-groove 6 of the main section F) of the lever near the lower end of said section. This slide-block is substantially similar to that illustrated in our aforesaid application, it being substantially T-shaped in cross-section and suitably bored to receive the screwpost 12. This post in turn has a pair of knurled nuts, 14: and 15, on it which with said pest control another important function of the tool, to wit, the preliminary relative adjustment of the two main elements A and B at the proper dis'ance apart for coaction with \uilve-siats, etc, such asr and r, spaced at different distances apart. This adjust ment necessary in order to give the tool any cmisiderable range of action in this repect. By sliding the post to the proper position and properly adjusting the nuts 14: and 15, the screw-post with its ball-head 2 may be located in any desired position transversely to the main section I) of the cutterbar or lever l5 and locked in that position by jamming said nuts. This screw-post is intended to be held against turning movement and has a longitudinal groove or key-way cut in the surface thereof to receive a corresponding pin or key in the bore passing transversely through the slide-block, as will be obvious. T he vertical adjustment of the balLhead and screw-post, that is, the adjustment lengthwise of said main section b of the lever, may be effected, as in our aforesaid application, by a screw, 16, located in the lower part of the guide-way 6 and threaded through an opening in a fixed cross-bar, 17, of said main section b, the lower end of said screw being shown as operative for raising and lowering the slideblock 13 and the ball-head carried thereby. This slide-block and ball-head may be adjusted to and held in any desired vertical position on the main section 7) of the cutterbar or lever by properly turning the screw 16, which serves with the cross-bar 17 and the connection between the lower end of said screw and the slide-block to hold the slideblock in any position to which it may be moved. This result, it will be seen. is pro duced bv devices located wholly on said main section of the part B. The connection between the feed-screw and the slide block may be substantially the same as in our aforesaid application. That shown comprises a set-screw, 18, passing transversely through the upper inner wall of the slideblock 13 and into engagement with a short sleeve, 19, surrounding and free to turn on the reduced. lower end of the screw 16, a stop-collar being shown at 20 on the lower end of the feed-screw to maintain the connection between said screw and the slideblock while permitting relative turning of the screw.

The devices just described constitute sim ple and effective means for shifting the loadpoint and the power-point of the main section of the lever to permit a considerable range of action of the tool with valve-seats of various diameters, and for also effecting changes in the relative positions of the main section .7) and the cutter so as to space these parts farther apart or closer together to enable them to cooperate with valve-seats spaced at different distances apart. In order, however, to effect such changes in the relative positions of the main elements A and B, each considered as a whole, as will adaptthe tool for cooperation with valveseats, etc, which are spaced far apart, in addition to being disposed at widely varying angles to each other, from parallelism to an acute angle of considerable size, other means must be employed. The provision made to produce this result is the use of a jointed cutter-bar or lever the sections of which may be shifted to, and preferably held in, different relative angular positions. In the present case there is shown for this purpose, as before stated, a cutterbar or lever B made up of a main section 7) and an auxiliary section pivoted thereto, prefe ably in the man- .ner before described.

The cutter-bar or lever B is located in one direction by contact of the outer face of the auxiliary section or yoke y thereof with the surface, such as r, with which it 00- operates, that is to say, by engagement of the outer side of the lower end of this auxiliary section or yoke with a resistance surface at the fulcrum-point of the lever, this fulcrum-point in the type of cutter-bar or lever illustrated being in the auxiliary section and not in the main section of the part B. lit is also necessary to locate the element B transversely of the cutting axis, and preferably to locate it in such a manner that it will have no tendency to turn about said axis. This result may be accomplished in various ways. Here the positioning of the element B lengthwise results from the use of one or more stop-pins, such as s, which project outwardly from the auxiliary element or yoke 'y near the lower end thereof and are adapted to engage the circular inner wall of the valve-seat shown. Preferably there will be a plurality of these stop-pins :arried by the auxiliary section or yoke for engagement with the complementary stopsurfaces of the circular valve-seat to locate the cutter-bar both lengthwise and crosswise, andthese, in the construction illustrated, cooperate with a third point at the opposite side of the cutting axis, which third point is in the main section b of the element B and is located at the power-point of the lever. Thus there are tlgae or more fixed points of location for preventing lengthwise movement of the element B and also for preventing relative turning movement of the same about the cutting axis, these points forming preferably the corners of a triangle. By means of these elements for locating the cutter-bar in a direction transverse to and circumferentially of the cutting axis and by means of the contacting faces at the fulcrunrpoint of the lever the element B is located against movement in every direction except toward the cutter, and movement in that direction is intended to take place (after the parts have been set in position between the surfaces 7* and 7*) only as a result of the inward advance of the element B turning about its fulcrum as a result of the application of power near the upper end thereof.

It will be obvious that by providing a cutter-bar or lever embodying main and auxiliary sections adjustable to different angular positions relative to each other. the general direction of the cutter'bar or lever may be varied within comparatively wide limits to enable this bar to cooperate properly with the element A whether the resistance surfaces 1 and r are far apart or close together and are parallel with each other or are disposed at a considerable acute angle to each other. The universal or ball-andsocket connection between the two main elements A and B of course permits the proper cooperation of these elements when tipped at a considerable acute angle to each other. The particular angular position to which the sections of the main element B will be set in any given case will of course depend upon the angle of the resistance surfaces with which the elements A and B are intended to cooperate.

In order to locate the cutter-bar and hold it properly in all angular positions to which the auxiliary section or yoke 1 may be tipped, the stop-pins s are preferably tapered inwardly in order-that they may grip the circular inner walls of the valveof the valve-seats r and 1" properly in all angular positions of the main elements of the tool, as it has been found in practice that cylin drical pins do not cooperate well with these annular seats in all positions. In some cases the valve-seats to be faced have.inwardly projecting lugs, such as 22, one or the other of which may lie in such position as to interfere with one of the stop-pins s and prevent the proper location of the tool unless some provision is made for avoiding this interference. For this reason the stops are preferably adjustable transversely of the auxiliary section or yoke y, there being in the construction illustrated one adjustable pin at each side of the longitudinal axis of the yoke which pin may be located in either part Z).

aim;

of two holes, 23, in the cross-bar of the yoke. In case of possible interference between a stop-pin, s and one of the lugs 22 it is only necessary to shift such stop-pin from the hole which comes opposite the lug to the hole which is clear of it and the stop-pin will then engage the annular inner surface of the valve-seat properly.

The yoke 3 is here illustrated as supported on the main section 7) of the element B, as by means of pivotscrews, 25, the axis of connection being adjacent to, but transverse to, the cutting axis, and hence the axis of connection is close to the load-point of the lever. This yoke is preferably so shaped and so combined with the main element i) of the cutter-bar B that the lower end or short arm of the main section Z) extends into the yoke and beyond the load-point of the lever, and indeed to a point close to the fulcrum of the bar, that is, to a point adjacent to a cross-bar at the lower end of the yoke. lVhen the yoke is shifted about its axis in the pivots 25 to the desired angular position it may be held there by suitable means, such, for example, as stops, 26, formed in this case in screws adjustable crosswise of the yoke, as for example, in a pair of combined lugs and stops, 2'7, ext-ending inwardly from opposite sides of the yoke near the pivots 25. Normally, that is, when the yoke is substantially in a straight line with the main section Z) of the cutter-bar, the lugs 27 engage the outer face of said section b and constitute stops preventing further move ment of the yoke toward the inner face of the cutter-bar. When, however, the yoke is adjusted outwardly to an acute angle with respect to the main section b, the stops 26 will be screwed in to bring the points of the screws into contact with the outer surface of the section Z) and prevent any further in ward movement of said yoke relative to the In either of these cases, when the lever B is moved toward the left about its fulcrum in the yoke, the yoke is a fixture and the yoke and the main section move together about said fulcrum.

In view of the fact that the load-point of the lever is carried by the main section while the fulcrum is in the yoke, it will be clear that not only is the load-point adjust able lengthwise of the lever relatively to the fulcrum to vary the leverage, and adjustable crosswise of the main section to vary the distance between the cutter and the main section of the cutter-bar or lever, but that there is also a crosswise adjustment of the relative positions of the load-point and the fulcrum of the lever to adapt the element B to cooperate to better advantage with opposed valve-seats, etc., spaced very far apart and disposed at various angles to each other. The range of action resulting from all these adjustments of the relative positions of the power, load and fulcrum points of the lever, and particularly from the various adjustments of the positions of the load and fulcrum points, is substantially the maximum attainable. lVhile providing for the adj ustment of the yoke to a considerable angle with respect to the main section Z) of the lever it will be seen that said main section is kept close to parallelism with the valve-seat or resistance surface with which the cutterbar is intended to cooperate, and hence the axis of the ball element of the universal connection between the parts A and B is also kept as near normal as possible. The loadpoint is shown as adjustable down almost to the lower end of the main section Z) of the lever to locate it properly for valve-seats of the smallest diameters, in which position the transverse distance between the load-point and the fulcrum will be substantially the maximum.

As in the case of the tool disclosed in our aforesaid application, a facing tool such as described herein is adapted for operation in spaces where it would be impossible to use a facing tool of the type having all of its main parts disposed in the general direction of the cutting axis of the tool. It has, however, the important advantage over the tool of the aforesaid application, that it is adapted for facing valve-seats, etc., lying much farther apart than the valve-seats, etc., capable of being faced by the tool of the afore said application. This tool, like the other, is also reversible so that when one seat has been properly faced by reaction of the parts between the opposed surfaces 0 and 'I", for example, the tool may be removed, inserted again between said surfaces but in the reversed position, and the refacing of the other surface effected by bringing the cutting edges G into engagement therewith.

\Vhat we claim is:

1. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a cutterbar jointed to vary the general direction of its inner face to that of said cutter, and a universal connection between said cutter and cutter-bar.

2. A tool of the class described con structed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a cutterbar having a main section associated with said cutter and an auxiliary section pivoted to and extending beyond the main section, and means for shifting said auxiliary section to and maintaining it in one of a plurality of adjusted positions relative to the main section and corresponding to different positions of said resistance surfaces.

3. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the too]. and comprising a rotary cutter, a cutter-bar having a main section and an auxiliary section pivoted to and extending beyond the main section and shiftable to different angular positions relative thereto, a universal connection between said cutter and the main section of the cutter-bar, and cutter-feeding means cooperative with said main section of the cutter-bar.

4:. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutterbar having a main section associated with said cutter for relative movement substantially in the direction of the cutting axis and also having an auxiliary section pivoted to the main. section and shiftable to different angular positions relative thereto and also shiftable with said main section in the direction of said axis.

5. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a. rotary cutter, a cutterbar having a main section and an auxiliary section pivoted to'the main section and shif able to different angular positions relative thereto, a universal connection between said cutter and the main section of the cutterbar, and means for adjusting and holding one element of said universal connection to vary the distance between said cutter and the main section of the cutter-bar.

6. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a cutterbar having a main section and an auxiliary section pivoted to the main section and shiftable to different angular positions relative thereto, means cooperative with said main section of the cutter-bar for adjusting the relative distance between it and the cutter, and means. also cooperative with said main section of the cutter-bar for imparting feed movement to the adjusted cutter.

7. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever for moving said cutter up to the work said lever.

embodying two connected sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection between the cutter and one section of the lever.

8. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a. rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying two connected sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection between the cutter and one section of the lever at the load-point of the latter.

9.1L tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lover of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying connected main and auxiliary sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection between the cutter and the main section of the lever.

10. A tool'of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying overlapin oivotall connected main and auxiliary sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection between the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever.

11. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying a yoke, a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke and means for varying the angular relation between the main section of the lever and said yoke, and a connection between the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever.

12. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying overlapping pivotally connected main and auxiliary sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection be-* tween the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever said connection being located at the load-point of the lever and adjustable lengthwise of said overlapping portion.

13. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying a yoke, a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke and means for varying the angular relation between the main section of the lever and said yoke, and a connection between the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever said connection being located at the load-point of the lever and adjustable lengthwise of said overlapping portion within said yoke.

14. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying overlapping pivotally-coimected main and auxiliary sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, and a connection be tween the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever said connection being shiftable lengthwise and crosswise of said main section to vary the distance between it and the cutter and to change the position of the cutting center.

15. A tool of the class described constructed to engage, and work between, two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a lever of the second order for moving said cutter up to the work said lever embodying overlapping pivotally-connected main and auxiliary sections having means for varying the angular relation between them, a universal connection between the cutter and the overlapping portion of the main section of the lever, one element of said connection being carried by and movable lengthwise and crosswise of said overlapping portion of the main section to vary the distance between it and the cutter and to change the position of the cutting center, and means on said main section of the lever for moving said element of the universal connection in said two directions and holding it in adjusted position.

16. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a cutter-bar having near one end thereof a stop adjustable crosswise of the cutting axis and of the longitudinal axis of the cutter-bar and cooperative with one of said resistance surfaces for locating the cutter-bar.

17 A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a cutter-bar having near one end thereof a plurality of stops each adjustable crosswise of the cutting axis and of the longitudinal axis of the cutter-bar and cooperative with one of said resistance surfaces for locating the cutter-bar.

18. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a cutter-bar having near one end thereof a plurality of stops located at opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the cutter-bar and each adjustable to different positions crosswise thereof and of the cutting axis and each coiiperative with one of said resistance surfaces for locating the cutter-bar.

19. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which a lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke and an outwardly projecting stop on the yoke for locating the same.

20. A tool of the class described construct ed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which a lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke and an outwardly projecting stop on the yoke for locating the same said stop being adjustable to different positions crosswise of the yoke.

21. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a. lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke and a plurality of outwardly projecting stops on the yoke for locating the same each being adjustable to different positions crosswise of the yoke.

22. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke, a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke, and an outwardly.

projecting tapering stop-pin on the yoke for locating the same.

28. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke, a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke, and a plurality of outwardly projecting tapering stop-pins disposed at opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of said yoke for locating the same.

24. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance surfaces outside the tool and comprising two associated main members one of which is a rotary cutter and the other of which is a lever for moving said cutter up to the work, said lever embodying a yoke, a main section pivotally connected to and extending into said yoke, and means carried by the yoke for shifting it to and maintain ing it in any one of a plurality of different angular positions relative to said main section of the lever.

25. A tool of the class described, comprising a cutter, and an associated cutter-bar having main and auxiliary sections, one extending beyond the other at the cutting end of the tool and relatively movable for varying the general direction of said cutter-bar with respect to the cutter.

26. A tool of the class described, comprising a cutter, and an associated cutterbar having connected main and auxiliary sections one extending beyond the other at the cutting end of the tool and relatively movable for varying the position of one of said sections crosswise of the cutter-bar.

27. A tool of the class described, comprising a rotary cutter, a lever pivotally as sociated therewith at its load-point and having an adjustable fulcrum, and means for varying the relative positions of the loadpoint and fulcrum of the lever.

28. A tool of the class described, comprising a rotary cutter, a lever pivotally asso ciated therewith at its load-point and having an adjustable fulcrum, and means for varying the relative positions of the loadpoint and fulcrum lengthwise of the lever.

29. A tool of the class described, comprising a rotary cutter, a lever pivotally associated therewith at its load-point and having an adjustable fulcrum, and means for varying the relative positions of the load-point and fulcrum lengthwise and crosswise of the lever.

30. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a cutter mounted to have a cutting movement, and an associated cutter bar formed of two jointed sections relatively movable to vary the general direction of the inner face of the bar with relation to that of the cutter.

31. A tool of the class described constructedto engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter, and an associated cutter bar formed of two jointed sections movable relatively to each other about an axis extending in angular relation to the axis of the cutter and adjacent to the same.

32. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter, an associated cutter bar formed of two jointed sections, a separable connection between one of said sections and the cutter, the other section being movable to different angular positions with relation to the first-mentioned section.

A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter, and an associated cutter bar including a section on which said cutter is operatively mounted and a section pivoted thereto extending beyond the end of the same and movable into various angular positions with relation thereto.

34:. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a cutter, a cutter bar consisting of a main section and an auxiliary section, and means for adjusting the auxiliary section with relation to the main section in two directions.

35. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutter bar having a main section on which said cutter is mounted, and an auxiliary section pivoted to and extending beyond said main section, and a stop on the auxiliary section for 10- cating said section in one direction.

36. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutter bar having a main section on which the cutter is mounted, an auxiliary section pivoted to said main section, and a stop adjustable on the auxiliary section in a direction crosswise of the cutting axis and of the longitudinal axis of the cutter bar.

37. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutter bar including a main section on which the cutter is mounted, and an auxiliary section pivoted to said main section, and a stop on the auxiliary section for locating said section in one direction.

38. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutter bar including a main section on which the cutter is mounted, and an auxiliary section pivoted to said main section, and a plurality of stops on the auxiliary section at opposite sides of the axis of the cutter.

39. A tool of the class described con structed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool, and comprising a rotary cutter and a cutter bar including a main section on which the cutter is mounted, and an auxiliary sec tion pivoted to the main section, and a stop adjustable on the auxiliary section in a direction crosswise of the axis of the cutter and arranged to cooperate with one of the resistance points to locate the cutter bar.

40. In a tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points, a pivotally movable cntter bar and a cutter pivoted thereon, the cutter bar having its pivot point arranged to engage one of the resistance points and adjustable with relation to the cutter bar to vary the distance of the pivot point of the cutter from said resistance point.

11. A tool of the class described constructed to engage and work between two opposed resistance points outside the tool and comprising a rotary cutter, a cutter bar jointed to vary the general direction of its inner face to that of the cutter, and a pivotal connection between said cutter and cutter bar Signed by me, the said THOMAS E. WIL- LIAMS, at Orange, in the county of Franklin and State of Massachusetts, this 23d day of December, A. D. 1914.

THOMAS B. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:

FRED A. DEXTER, SIDNEY J. WHITE.

Signed by me, the said FRANK L- SMITH, at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, this fourth day of January, A. D. 1914:.

FRANK L. SMITH. Witnesses Gno. H. ST. CLAIR, N. W. Horxms.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents, Washington, I). U.