US1215870A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

A. R-osNEn. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATl'o-N'FILED ocT. 4. 191|.

Patented Feb.13,1917.

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yAporrea RosNER, OEBEIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, Assrenon To THEILOCOMOB'ILE" COMPANY o F AMEEICA,0E NEW YORK, N. Y., A conPoRATroN or WEST VIRGINIA.

VTo all whom fit-may concern:

scription, in' connection with the 'accompanying dra-wlngs, 1s a specllicatlon, like characters ,on the drawings representing This 'I invention `relates to `internal combustion? engines andparticularly tol the meansffor controlling the admission of fuel to the cylinder and 'theexhaust of the waste .In carrying out my `invention I preferably make use `of. slide valves. The valves as herein disclosed, however, are so designed jalind, disposed that an extremely high de- 'gi'oepf 'compression can be readily attained, whilb, at the same time, the valves are simple in construction and operation andare free 'from the Vdifficulties' of lubrication, overheating and other troubles to which 'valves of this class have heretofore been subjected.

-fhe invention willbe best understood by reference to the following description when takenv in connection with the accompanying v illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more par- 'ticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings t4 Figure 1 is a transverse sectional elevation taken through the cylinder of a multiple cylinder engine equipped with one form of my invention; and

Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are sectional eleva- 4tions partly diagrammatic showing the piston and valves in different positions.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to the embodiment of the invention shown in-Fig. 1, the engine there illustrated is providedv with a fixed main cylinder 1 supported upon the crank casing 2 and having the working piston 3 connected by the connecting rod l, to the crank 5 and crank shaft 6. 'Ihe'workingspace of the cylinder or that through which the piston travels is' surrounded by the water jacket 7 and the piston slides in direct contact with the .water jacketed walls of the fixed cyllnder. The

rear end of lthe cylinderA is closed -by the cylinder head 8 which is bolted or other-- Specication'of Letters Patent. Patented Feb, 13, 191?,-

Application led October g1, 1911. Serial No. 652,776.

between the cylinder and the rentrant walls of the head. The cylinder head has the centrally arranged spark plug 1 1 and is provided with the waterv jacket'12.

At the rear of the cylinder beyond the working space thereof and where the same is overlapped by the projecting portion of the head, there are provided one 01 more ports, the disclosed embodiment of the invention having the oppositely interposed admission and exhaust ports 13 and 14, re-

spectively. As shown in Fig. 1 these are arranged to coperate and preferably in registration with similar ports 15 and 16 in the projecting portion of the cylinder head. As shown in Fig. 1, both sets of ports extend part way around the cylinder, the cylinder admission port communicating with an admission space 17 and supply pipe (the latter not shown) and the .cylinder exhaust port with an exhaust space 18 and exhaust pipe (the latter not shown).

In the described embodiment of the invention communication with the workin space of the cylinder and the admission and exhaust spaces through the described admission and exhaust ports, respectively, is controlled by independently movable slide valves 19 and 20, respectively. While the valves may consist of fiat plates or have other than curvilinear shape, for convenience in construction, as well as for egcient operation, each valve preferably co prises an arc-shaped, but non-cylindrical, segmental plate having a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the cylinderk105 against and longitudinally movable in the' bore so that it is adapted to seat therespace 10, communication is opened between the adjacent ports 13 and 15 or 14 and 16 as the case may be` but when moved in the opposite direction the forward end of the slide is interposed between the ports 13 and 15, or 14 and 16, cutting ofcommunication between the respective interior and exterior ports.

To movel the valves independently and in properly timed relation, actuating devices are provided having connection with the.

valves through openings 21 and 22, formed in the cylinder walls and in the seat over which the valves slide. vIn the openingsl 21 and 22 there are pivoted the actuating levers and 2l, respectively. These are connected to the valves at their outer sides or faces, each by means of a trunnion block 2 5 sea-ted between lugs 2G projecting outwardly from the valves, the -block being spanned by and jointed to the forked ends of the lever.

To actuate the valves the levers 23 and 24 are jointed respectively to the push rods 27 and 2S, the latter being connected at their lower ends to the cam ' rolls 29 and 30 which bear respectively against the actuating cams 31 and 32 on the cam shafts 33,

and 3l. These cani shafts. are driven through gears 35 and 36 meshing with the pinion 37 on 'the crankshaft at 'one-half the speed of the crank shaft. Each cam is provided with vone depressionwhich when brought beneath the 'cam roll permits its respective valve to move back into the annular space 10 and open its respective port under the pressure of a valve opening spring, lsu'eh opening movement therefore taking place once for each two double strokes of thel piston. i

In the illustrated form of engine the spring pressure is provided by' the main springs 3S and 39 which encircle the push rods 27 and and press the cam rolls down against the edges of the cams 31 and 32.

The push rods and associated parts are.

h'oused'in by the protectiveA casings l0 and 41. To supplement the pressure of the s )rings 38 and'39 as well'as to 'take up lost motion inthe actuating connections of the valves, auxiliary springs@ and 43 are utilized to assist in opening the valves. These springs are seated exteriorly in the cylinderl headSbeing'connected byV the caps and 45. Each spring is under compression and presses upwardly* against ya collar- 46 carried by the plunger ro'd 47, the latter passing through the flange of the. cylinder head,

and-having, its'opposite end threaded to one of the lugs 26. lVhen the' depression of the cam;` passes under'bthe cam roll, the auxiliary spring adds its pressure to that of the spring 38 and .assists in lifting the valve to an open position.

It will beseen that a part of the inner face of each valve when it is in its closed position ,is exposed to the pressure. of the gas contained in the cylinder throughthe sure from the inner faces `of the valves they .are preferably each in the formof va half sleeve with' the ends meeting andare given a close fit in the'annular space'lO. 4Prefer- 'ably spring rings 4S and 49.l constituting 'packing rings are provided 1n the walls of the cylinder head between the latter and the inner faces of the valves so that leakage of high' pressure Huid tothe inner faces of the valves or the rear end of the annular space 10 is prevented. These rings also as sist in seating the valves against the Walls ofthe cylinder. The upper end of the ,an-

.nular space 10 mav bevented by'one or more longitudinal grooves 50 in the outer faces of the valve segments 19 and 20.

. At the beginning of the suction stroke before. the admission valve is opened or opened fully, a slight vacuum may be formed' in the working space of the cylinder amil. this tends to lift or unseatl the' valves' 19 and 20'. By causingthe projecting end of the cylinder head to overlap the inner face of the valve below the cylinder ports 13 and 1&1, a fixed overlapping'wall is provided for the inner face of eachvalve on each sideof the fixed cylinder ports so that -aniLtendency to lift from the seat'is ,etfectually prevented. The overlapping end 9 lof the cylinder head also preferably, though not necessarily, fits closely the inner wall of the cylinder so as to vprotect both the end of each valve as well as its inner face from the 'heat and pressure of the cylinder Working space.

Referring to Figs. 2to 5, inclusiye, the operation of. the valves will be readily apparent. In Fig. 2 the-piston is shown during its admission or suction 'stroke the admission valve 19 having been retracted into the annular space and having opened the admission port13 to the cylinder. @The exhaust valve has beenfpreviously closed and is still maintained closed by its cami32.

The conditions which pertain during the compression stroke are represented in Fig.

3.A The piston'is here shown as 4having started on the `cnnplression stroke, the ad! mission valve 19 having been previously Y closed by its cam '31 and the exhaust valve being still maintained closed by its cam 32.

Under these' conditions the increasing coinpression within the cylinder increasingly presses the valves against their respective -seats so that as the compression increases,

so also does the resistance to leakage at .and about the valves. y 4

In Fig'. 4 the conditions at the commencement of the werking stroke are represented,

the piston having started on its second for-A open by its cam at the commencement of' the stroke. y

The valves may be given a very short stroke, herein the equivalent only of the port opening plus the necessary lap, and through the ilse of the cams as actuating agents may be moved each at such an appropriate timel as gives the most effectively timed port opening for the admission and exhaust.

Thus, during suction stroke, the admission valve can be opened almost instantly after the commencement of the admission stroke and remain open until a little after 'the Completion of the stroke. On the other hand, the exhaust valve may be' opened near the very close of the working stroke and can be kept open until the completion of the exhaust stroke of the piston. By modifying the shape of the cams th-e precise timing of the valves can be independently varied as may be desired and preferably 1 so set the cams thatthe exhaust vvalve is not closed until a few degrees after the completion of the exhaust stroke of the piston and not until the'admission valve has started' to open, so that there is a slight interval during which both valves are opened permitting amomentary scavenging action.

The opening and closing movements of the valves in each case are effected very rapidly by means of the cams. This adds materially to the effectiveness of the admission, compression, working, and exhaust strokes.

The cam-operated movement of the valves and the short travel required produces a minimum of wear. It will be observed moreover that the valves are only in motion when the internal pressure is slight,.periods of compression and firing occurring when the valves are stationary. This not only reduces `the frictional wear of the valves but also the power required to move them and proof the cylinder and out of contact With the piston, this placing them outl of the direct patli of heat conduction or dispersion which takes place from the working cylinder space through the cylinder walls -to the Water jacket. The slide valves therefore are not only themselves out of the direct path of heat which must be dissipated throingh the cylinder walls and that intense heat which only protected against the access of pressure to their inner faces but are shielded by the projecting cylinder head from the intense heat of the combustion chamber during the working stroke, the only portions of the 'valves which are thus exposed being 'the portions uncovered by the cylinder head ports l5 and 16.

lVhile the valves might be arranged upon seats not constituting a part ofthe cylinder bore, preferably as herein shown they are seated in a continuation of the cylinder bore, being however in a non-concentric or nonoverlapnping relation to the piston.

It will be understood. that the terms front, fi'ear, top and bottoni as ap'- plied to the engine and its cylinder are merely terms of description appliedto the specific drawings hereinannexed to facilitate a more ready understanding of them, and haveno significance as'applied to the generic principles of my invention, various embodiments of which may be made Wherein the relationof the parts thus referred to may be reversed or variously altered. l

ll'hile I prefer .to have the walls of the cylinder head overlap both thevadmission and exhaust slide. valves on both sides of the cylinder ports foi-the purpose of correcting the tendency above referred to of the valves to lift or unseat at the commencement of the admission stroke, a construction might be employed.wherein the-exhaust valve only is overlapped by the said cylinder head, the cylinder head on the opposite side of the 'cylinder where it overlaps the admission valve terminating short of the admission port. Such construction, as well as other numerous modifications unnecessary to mention, are intended to lbe covered by the claims herein.

.lVhile I have herein shown and described for purposes of illustration one specific form of the invention, it is to be understood that the latter is not limited tothe precise construction of features disclosed nor to the form or relative arrangements of parts nor to the particular type of engine described, but that nsive modifications may be and theother the exhaust port, and a cylin- `made inthe illustrated embodiment of the. invention Without. departing from the spirit thereof.

' Claims: a I 'l 1'. In an internal combustion engine', the combination with a cylinder of a piston, said. cylinder having admission and exhaust ports,- means for'controlling said ports comprising a' pair of arc-shaped segmental plates [controlling one the admission port der headhav'ing a 'port-ion projecting into thecylinder and providing space between -the head and the cylinder to receive the plates,'said head overlapping'said plates on lopposlte sides ofsaid cylinder port.

f' 2: In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder-of a piston, a cylinder head, said cylinder having admis- ,sion and exhaust ports and said 'cylinder head having ports in registration with said cylinder ports,'means for lcontrolling said ports comprising a pair lof arc-shaped, segmental plates controlling one the admission .port and the otherthe exhaust port, and

means for moving said- 'plates to open or.`

close said'cylind'er ports. l

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a, cylinder having admission and exhaustports, a cylinder head,V a pair of arc-shaped slide valves Working in the space between the head and the cylinder and controlling one the admission port andthe other the exhaust port, and having cach aiportionA adapted to be advanced to cover the cylinder port' controlled' thereby, the for-Ward end of the cylinder head overlapping said valve and fitting the cylinder walls thereat to protect the endof, thevalve, said cylinder headalso having a pair of ports, and means for moving the valve.

`4. 'In an' internal combustion engine, the combination with a fixed cylinder, admission and exhaust ports therein, a piston,- a pair ofarc-shaped, segmental 4slide valves wholly at the rear of the piston and con-- trolling 'oner the admission port and the other the exhaust port, and a fixed member in engagement With the .inner lface of said slide valves and providing a wall overlapping said valves on opposite sides of said cylinder ports. g

5. In an "internal combustion engine, the combination with a fixed cylinder, admission and 4exhaus't'ports therein, a piston, a pair of arc-shaped, segmental slide valves wholly at the rear ofy the piston and controlling .one the admission port and the other the exhaust port, and a. fixed member engagement with the inner faces 'of said slide .valves and providing a ported Wall overlapping 'said valves on opposite sides of said cylinder ports. e

' inder ports.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having admis'- sion and exhaust ports, a cylinder head,c0- operatingports therein, a. piston, and a pain of arc-shaped slide valves controlling communication between said cylinder and cylinl 7'. In an internal combustion engine,l the combination with, a piston of a cylinder havlng admission and exhaust ports located beyond the rearward limit'of the piston travel, Aa cylinder head having a' portion projecting into the cylinder and closely fitting the same beyond the cylinder ports,'sai d cylinder' head having ports to coperate with said cylinder ports andfhavingalso an an-- v nular space between the same and the'cylinder, at the rear of said closely fitting portion,

a 'pair of arc-shaped segmentall slide' valves located ,in said annular space and controlling separately -said ignition and 'exhaust` ports, and means for independently moving said valves.

i 8. An internal-combustion engine' comprising a fixed cylinder .having admission 'and exhaustports', a cylinder head havinO` a portion separated therefrom by an annu ar space, a'pston `working in contact with said -fixed cylinder,'and segmental slide valves working wholly in said annular space'between the cylinder head and the fixed cylinder and adapted to open and close said cyl- 9.` In an internal combustion engine, a stationary cylinder havinglaterally opening ner Wall thereof, a removable head having a cylindrical portion projecting Withinv the upper end of the cylinder, and provided with ports alining with the ports in the cylinder, and forming with the' cylinder an annular chamber, means closing the lower end of said chamber to the combustion space of the cylinder, a pair of semi-cylindrical valve4 members located in said annular chamber, and means for operating said valves.

- inlet and exhaust ports, a piston-Working 4within sald cyhnder 1n contact with the 1n- In testimony whereof, I have signed my name kto this specification, in the presence of two suhscrlbing witnesses.

ADOLPH ROSNER.

Witnesses:

. A. C. ScrrULz, Gr. W. PARKIN

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