US1206547A - Kiln or oven. - Google Patents

Description

L. KERN.

IAN. 4. i916.

. Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

L. KERN.

KILN 0R OVEN.

APPLlcATloN FILED 1AN.4. 191e.

1 ,206,547 Patented Nov.. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@M2057 V/fer/ay LUDWrG kann, or HAMBURG, GERMANY. f

KILN 0R OVEN.

ASpecication o eers Patent. u Patented Nov..2@,'1916.

@riginal application filed June 22, 1914, Serial No. 846,490. Divided and this application led January d,

1916. Serial No. 70,217.

To all whom it may concern.' Be it known thatl, LUDWIG KERN, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and a resident of Hamburg, Germany, have invented4 a new and improved kiln or oven more espe cially 4designed for burning bricks formed of a mixture of infusorial earth and clay, and arranged to permit of first passing a current of air over the green bricks to re'- duce the moisture thereof, to then subject the bricks to heat of 650 to -950" centigrade to burn or harden the bricks,`and to finally pass another currentof air over the burned bricks to quickly cool the same.

.ln order to' produce the desired result, use is made of a housing provided with horizontal perforate partitions forming a plurality of chambers or compartments one above the other, and of which the lowermost one is a combustion chamber and the others are receiving chambers for the reception of the bricks to be burned, furnaces arranged in the sides of the housing and openinginto the combustion chamber, the furnaces having ash pits provided with doors .at their outer ends and opening at their inner ends into the said combustion chambers to permit the circulation of air through thechambers prior toand after the burning of the bricks in the said receiving chambers.

Use is also made of draft holes in the sides emanatmg from the burning fuel in the fur- --nace I from rising centrally through the of the said chambers, and dampers 'arranged in the perforations of the said partitions'at Athe middle thereof to divert the heat tothe sides of the receiving chambers.

A practical embodiment ofthe invention is represented in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similarfcharacters of'reference indicate corresponding,partsl in all the views.

Figure 1 is a cross section of the kiln; Fig. 2 is a reduced side elevation of the same with the housing in section and some of the side doors of the furnacel and air inlets omitted; and Fig. 3 is a front end elevation ofthe kiln.

The housing A of the kiln oroven is built platforms E, E, for carrying the bricks to be burned into the interior of the housing A andremoving the burned bricks therefrom. The housing A is provided with horizontally disposed perforate partitions F, F', F2, dividing the interior of the housing into two chambers or compartments G and G for receiving the bricks and into' a bottom combustion chamber G2 and a top chamber G3, from which latter extends a chimney H, the bottom H of which is likewise perforate, as indicated in Fig. 1. The bricks to be burned are set in the usual manner on the partitions F and F2, as indicated in Ydotted lines in Fig. 1, and with'the sides spaced from the sides ofthe lining B to permit a proper circulation of air and heat, as hereinafter more fully explained.

rll`he sides of the housing A are provided with furnaces I for' burning coke or other fuel and opening into the combustion chamber G2, the' furnaces I on two sides of, the kiln being arranged in staggered relation to each other, and each furnace is provided with a suitable door l. rlhe ash pit .l for each furnace l opens at its inner end into lthe combustion chamber G2 for admitting air into the said combustion chamber prior to starting up the furnaces l so as to subject the bricks in the compartments G and G to the action yof a strong current of air. The outer ends oftheA ash pits J are provided with suitable doors J. p

ln order to prevent the air and the heat chambers G, G andG3 to the stack H., it is desirable to close the middle perforations F3 of the partitions F, F andy F2 during the beginning of the firing of the furnace ll,

and for this purpose the said middle perforations F3 are preferably closed by suitable 2 dampers K mounted on rods K extending to theoutside of the kiln and adapted to be turned by the operator to open and close the the open side perforations F3 of the parti- 110 said partition. The air and heat next pass tition F to quickly cool through the side perforations F3 in the parand rise through the stack ot bricks set on the partition F, and the air and heat Afinally pass'throgh the side perforations F3 in the upper partition F to finally reach the top compartment G3 from which the air and heat pass up, next, into the chimney and out ot the same. The, sides of the housing A.' are further provided with draft holes L leading into the compartments G-G, which holes not only permit observation of the burning-of the bricks in the said compartments, but perform a more important function ot admitting atmospheric air to the compartments when needed during the process of burning. v

rll`he operation is as follows: ',llhe bricks are set in staggered relation into the chambers or compartments G and G, and then the doors D, D- are closed and the doors d are opened so that air may have freer admission to the compartments G2, G, G and G3 and through .the bricks set in the com partments G and G. This is due to the fact that the kiln acts'like a huge chimney, creating an upward draft. rlfhe air removes some ofthe moisture contained ,in the bricks and then the furnaces l are started so as to cause the resultant products of combustion to circulate through rthe compartments G2, G', G and G3 and through the bricks 4to burn the same. Owing to the use of clay of a low melting point it requires but a comn panatively short time (say from 3 tot 6 hours) to complete the burning of the bricks, and then the hres in the furnaces are drawn and the doors J are fully opened to allow air to circulate through .the bricks the same. lt is understood that at the beginning of theV operation -the dempers l are preferably closed to prevent the bricks on the centers o" the stacks 'from i being subjected to an injurious concentrated high heat, 1but after the bricks have been somewhat burned thedampers K are opened to insure uniform burning of all the bricks in the stack. v i

ln order to 'enable the workmen to properly form the stacks of bricks in the chambers or compartments Gand G', the partinecesa? tions F and F2` are provided near the sides` with raised-ledges F* to form guides for forming the stacks, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 1. rlhe inner faces of the lining B are provided with lugs B to prevent obstruction of the passages between the sidesoi the stacks and the inner facing ot the lining in case some of the bricks in the stacks should becomedisplaced and fall against the lsaid faces of the lining.

lt 'is understood that a brick burned in this kiln or oven is formed of a mixture of intusorial earth and a low grade clayimelting at a temperature of 650 to 950o Celsius is of a desired strength of compression, porous', reproof and oflow specific gravity;

llt is understood that with the opening and closing of the doors J the doors L of draft holes L are opened and closed to assist in supplying the desired amount of fresh air to the compartments, as above explained.

Although the kiln is mainly intended tor burning bricks of a mixture of intusorial earth and clay, it is evident that the kiln may be used for burning articles other than bricks and made of other materials than the one mentioned.

the lowermost one being a combustion chamber and the one next above a brick-receiving chamber, al furnace arranged in the sides of the housing and opening into the combustion chamber and adapted to permit admission of air for circulation through the chambers prior to and after burning of the bricks in the receiving chambers, and slidable dampers arranged horizontally in the perforations of the said partitions at the middle thereof to divert the heat to the sides ot the receiving chambers, as specilied.

ln testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. L

. LUDWG KERN.

Witnesses:

Financie R. STEWART, Lorne l?. Dnena,

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