US1194506A

US1194506A - Refuse-iktcibterator

Info

Publication number: US1194506A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-15

Description

E. KENER, 1n.

REFUSE INCINERATOR.

APPLICATION man MAHJS, 1914.

Patented Aug. 15, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

HT TDRNEY.

E. KENER,1R.

REFUSE INCINERATOR.

APPLicAUoN rlLED 11n/m23. 1914.

lzltonted Aug. 15, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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REFUSE-INCINERATOR.

i ,l arson.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. t5, 1916.

Application tiled March 23, 1914. Serial No. 826,613.

To all whom t lmay concern:

Be it known that I, Enwann KENER, J r., a citizen of the llnited States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Refuse-lncinerators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an incinerator or a crematory which is more particularly designed for burning or destroying garbage or refuse from the kitchens of households, restaurants, hotels. hospitals, etc., so as to avoid dangers of sickness and unpleasant odors and also dispose of such matter in a sanitary manner.

One of the objects of this invention is to produce an incinerator or crematory of this character which will thoroughly and quickly consume and reduce to ashes the various kinds of garbage or refuse derived from kitchens regardless of how wetthe same may be without liability of Iclogging the apparatus and to accomplish this in such manner that' the gases developed during the dry ing and burning of the refuse will aid materially in the reduction to ashes of the refuse under treatment, so that comparatively little fuel is required for this purpose.

. Another object of my invention is to provide an apparatus of this character which is so Constructed that the same will not unduly heat the room or space immediately surrounding the apparatus.

Further objects of this invention areto provide improved means for automatically opening and closing in unisonthe fuel supply valve and the draft door of the ash pit and to provide improved means for locking the fuel valve in its opened or closed position.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of a refuse incinerator embodying my improvements. Figs. 2 and 3 are horizontal sections taken in the correspondingly numbered lines in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section taken in line elw-L, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional perspective view of my improved incinerator. Fig. G 1s a fragmentary horizontal section of the refuse receptacle and the by-pass flue' showing the manner of assembling the same. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical section` on an enlarged scale, taken in line fw-7, Fig. l and showing -the means for opening and closing the air door and fuel valve simultaneously and the means for locking the valve in its open or closed position. Fig. S is a top plan view thereof. l

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

l represents the hollow base of the incinerator which is preferably supported on the tloor by legs 2 to permit air to reach the underside of the base.

2S represents the door or lid which controls an opening in the front side of theash pit' for permitting the removal of the ashes from this pit and also to admit air to the burners andthe material under treatment. This door is preferably pivoted on the outer side of the apparatus at its upper end so as to swing vertically. ,Above this base is arranged the ashpit or box 3 which receives the ashes resulting from the combustion of the garbage or refuse and above the ash pit is arranged the receptacle or compartment -L `which receives therefuse or garbage to be cremated. Above the refuse receptacle is located the outlet or smoke chamber 5 which receives the smoke and non-combustible vapors or gases given off by the refuse during the process of `incineration which products are carried ofi to the outer atmosphere or to a chimney leading to the outer atmosphereby means of a smoke pipe (i communicating with the top of the outlet chamber.

The wall of the refuse receptacle is preferably constructed in the form of an upright cylinder which terminates at its lower and upper ends, respectively, above the bottom of the ash pit and below the top of the outlet chamber and which preferably comprises two semi-cylindrical or segmental sections 7. 7 which engage each other at their vertical edges by rabbet joints. Around the refuse receptacle is arranged a by-pass, flue or passage 8 which communicates atiits lower end with the ash pit and at its upper end with the upper end of the refuse receptacle and the outlet chamber and also communicates with the lower part of the refuse receptacle by means of a plurality of openings 9 formed in the lower part of thel refuse receptacle. The outer wall of this by-pass or flue is constructed substailltially in the form of an upright cylinder which is composed of thereby forming a support for the refuse re- 5 the top 11 of the outlet chamber. The vertical joints of the refuse receptacle are pref- "erably in line transversely with the joints between the outer wall sections of the bypass or Hue, and the wall sections of the refl 1o use Vreceptacle are provided at their meeting edges with corresponding pairs of supportingiand coupling lugs 12, which project outwardly through openings formed in the meeting edges of the walls of the by-pass,

ceptacle on the wall of' the by-pass. On their outer sides the by-pass wall sections j are provided with coupling lugs 13 which are arranged on opposite sides of the supporting lugs of the refuse receptacle, and

each pair of refuse receptacle lugs and the companion pair of by-pass wall lugs are connected by a fastening bolt 14 passing through the several lugs on the outersde of the by-pass wall, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4,

thereby utilizing the same means for holding the refuse receptacle wall sections and. the by-pass wall sections in place and simplifying the construction accordingly.

The refuse or garbage to be destroyed or consumed is introduced into the upper part of the refuse receptacle through an inlet chute or spout 15 which opens horizontally into the` upper part of the refuse receptacle and is provided at its outer end with a lid'0 or door 16 vwhereby the same may be opened and closed, as shpwn in Figs. 1 and 4.|

At the lower end of the refuse receptacle is arranged the grate or support for the ma- 40 terial which is to be incinerated. As shown in-Figs. 3 and 4, this grate comprises an outer grate ring'l? ywhich is capable of being oscillated or shaken bymeans of an arm 18 projecting laterally from this ring through suitable openings in the apparatus to the exterior thereof where it is accessible for operation by hand. This outer grate ring may be guided in its oscillating movement by any suitable means, for, instance, by guideways f 19 which are formed on the inner side of the wall ofthe refuse receptacle and receive the outer edge of the grate ring 17, as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Within the lower part of the refuse receptacle lmeans are arranged which operate to spread the material thrown into the same and prevent the same from packing so that all parts of the material are exposed to the heating, drying and .burning action of the fuel and quick and thorough consumption of the same and reduction thereof to ashes is effected. lThis spreading means preferably comprises three small lower spreading cones l20 which are arranged side by side in an annular row and e5 each of which tapers upwardly. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, three of such lower spreading cones are employed but this number may be varied if desired. The outer portions of these lower spreading cones rest upon the outer grate ring 19 and the space between the several lower cones is brldged by the sections 21 of an inner grate ring which are connected with the adjacent lower edges of these lower cones. Each of the lower spreading cones is provided at its upper end with a horizontal outer nozzle 22 projecting with its outer end through an opening in the wall of the refuse receptacle and communicating with the by-pass surrounding the same. The upper end of each lower spreading cone is also provided with an inwardly projecting horizontal nozzle 23 which opens into the interior ofA the refuse receptacle. Below its nozzles each lower spreading cone is provided with a plurality of perforations 24, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. i

Above the lower set of spreading cones is arranged a single large upper spreading cone 29 which tapers upwardly and rests with its lower edge on the upper ends of the several small cones and is provided with a plurality of perforations 30. This upper spreading cone is removably seated on the lower cone but is held centrally within the refuse receptacle by means of retaining lugs 31 arranged on the upper ends of the several small lower spreading cones and engaging with the outer side of the upper large cone, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Underneath each lower spreading cone is arrangeda burner 25 which i's adapted to direct the llame upwardly into respective cones. These burners may be supplied with any suitable fuel, such as gas, oil -or gasolene by means of a supply pipe 26 arranged on the exterior' of the apparatus and connected therewith by branch pipes containing suitable air mixers 27. Upon throwing a batch of garbage or refuse into the refuse receptacle the upper and lower spreading cones operate to break the same up more or less into a loose mass in such manner that it bridges the spaces between the several spreading cones, thereby thoroughly exposing all parts of the refuse to the heating and burning action of the flames and causing the same to be quickly dried and reduced to ashes. The heat ofthe flames for this purpose passes partly from the burners outwardly through the perfora-` tions in the lower cones, partly from the inner nozzles of the lower cones and into the upper cone and outwardly through the openings of the latter and also partly through the outer horizontal nozzles of the of garbage is completely envelop d by the burning gases so that all parts of the same are qulckly and thoroughly acted upon by the gases or flames whereby any combustible elements contained in the garbage are vaporized or volatilized into a combustible condition so that they in turn become ignited'and aid in the operation of consuming the garbage and reducing the same to ashes. Those gases which are generated or developed .from the garba e itself while the latter is being dried, heated and burned by the fuel flames are put into combustible condition by the addition thereto of air which is supplied thereto in the upper part ofthe refuse receptacle above the refuse through the by-pass which latter takes the air from the ash pit and delivers the same into the refuse receptacle at the upper end thereof and also into the central part thereof through the openings in its wall. By thus putting the inflammable gases or vapors which are generated from the refuse or garbage in a combustible condition which aids in the further consumption of the garbage or refuse, the incineration of this material is effected largely by fuel derived from the material itself and thereby effects a considerable saving in the use of other fuel for this purpose so that the consumption of garbage is eected very economically. Any excess flames from'the burners Vwhich cannot pass freely upward through the spreading cones, gratey and garbage will escape from the lower ends of the lower cones and the underside of the grate into the by-pass and be delivered by the latter into the upper part of the refuse receptacle s o that back pressure of the flame and possible extinc- .tion of the same cannot occur.` .I

lin ord r to prevent the air which passes upwardly through the by-pass from escaping directly through the outlet chamber to the smoke pipe an outer baiiie or defleetor 32 preferably of annular form 1s arranged' to extend from the inner side of the bypass wall inwardly and downwardly over the upper edge of the refuse receptacle wall, as shown in Fig. l. By this means the air issuing from the upper end of the ley-pass is deflected inwardly and downwardly into the upper part of the refuse receptacle where it becomes mixed with the inflammable vapors of the gases generated by the decomposition of the refuse or garbage and causes the same to be converted into a combustible condition so as to become ignited and add the resulting heat to that of the flames from` the burners for promoting rapid disposition of the material.

In order to prevent the vapors generated in the refuse receptacle from passing directly upward through the outlet chamber and out through the smoke pipe a central baille or dellector 33 preferably of circular and downwardly dished form is arranged between the upper end of the refuse receptacle and the lower side of the outlet chamber and separated at its outer edge by an annular passage from the outer deflector.

This central deiiector or baffle is preferably l generated from the garbage or refuse rise in the refuse receptacle they are directed laterally by the central deflector where they are intercepted by the inwardly flowing stream of air from the upper end of the bypass, thereby causing these elements to become mixed and put into combustible condition so that they are consumed and furnish added heat within the refuse receptacle for consuming the contents thereof. By thus thoroughly consuming all the vapors or gases within the incinerator only dead or non-combustible and practically odorless smoke is permitted to escape to the outer atmosphere so that no objectionable results follow from the use of this apparatus.

InI order to prevent this incinerator or crematory from undul heating the space immediately surrounding the same and thereby render its presence in a kitchen unobjectionable, particularly in the summertime, the following means are provided: 35 represents an insulating air jacket formed between lthe outerside of the wall of the bypass and an inner intermediate upright wall 36 extending from the base to the top of the outlet cham er. Between this inner intermediate wall and an outer intermediate wall 37 also extending from the base to the top of the outlet chamber is an air circulating chamber or cooling passage 38 which communicaates at its lower end through openings 39 in the base with the air space underneath the base, while its upper end communicates with a cooling pipe or flue 40 surrounding thesmoke pipe. This cooling pipe lcommunicates with the outer atmosphere or with the chimney into which the smoke pipe leads. The connection between this cooling pipe and the upper end of the cooling chamber 38 is effected by means of a horizontal passage 41 formed in the top of the incinerator and connected at its outer end by openings 60 with the upper end of the flue or passage 38 while its inner end is vconnected by openings 61 with the lower end of the cooling pipe 40. The passage 4l is heat insulated from the outlet chamber by means of filling 42 of asbestos or similar lnaterial. For the purpose of permitting the heated air immediately above the ineinerator to enter the air outlet pipe 40 the latter is provided immediately above the top Of the mcinerator with a plurality of openings 43, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4 for this purpose. The radiation of heat from the incinerator' to the surrounding space in the room is further reduced or prevented by an insulating air jacket 62 formed between the outer intermediate wall 37 and an outer wall 63, as shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

The main fuel `supply pipe contains a valve 44 having a rotatable plug 45 whereby the passage of this valve and the supply pipe may be controlled. This plug is provided with a handle 46 for turning the same. In order to lock this plug in either its opened or its closed position means are provided which preferably comprise an annular row of locking lugs 47 formed on the hub of the handle, and a locking arm 48 pivoted to swing vertically on the adjacent part of the fuel supply pipe and provided at its free end with a notch or jaw 49 adapted to engage with one or the other of the locking lugs 47 of the handle according to whichever one is on the upper side of the valve plug. The valve shown in the drawings is of that type in which the plug is opened or closed by a quarter turn and for that reason the handle of this valve is provided with three locking lugs 47 which are arranged on different quarters. Upon turning the valve plug so that the handle projects downwardly the valve is closed and the plug may be held in this position by engaging thel locking arm with the central locking lug, as shown in Figs. 1, 7 and 8. Upon turning the handle'and an inner rin vertically -in either direction from a pendant position so as to assume a horizontal positlon the valve" plug will be opened andI either one or the other of itspside lugs 47 w1ll then project upwardly into a position where the same may be engaged by the locking arm for holding the valve plug in its open position. V

In order to cause the ash pit door 28 to be opened and closed in unison with' the opening and closingof the fuel valve means *Y arranged belOW Said C0118.

are provided which preferably comprise a flexible member or chain 50 connected at its lower end with the lower free part of the ashpit door while itsA upper end is connected with a crank pin 51 arranged on the valve handle 46 eccentrically to the axis thereof andon that side adjacent to the bonnet 52 of the valve casing. By means 'of this construction the valve handle when turned into a pendant position for closing the fuel valve, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7, will cause the chain to be loweredand the ash pit door to be closed while upon turning the valve handle-in either direction into a,l horizontal position the eccentric or crank pin of the handle will cause the chain to be lifted and the ash pity door to be opened,

l thereby admitting air into the ash pit at vthe same time that the fuel is turned on and supplying the increased amount of air cone-shaped members 20 is arranged in the lower portion of the receptacle and above the grate and that the same is provided with a. gas escape tube communicating with a. flue which is arranged adjacent to the side of the receptacle and has communication therewith at the side thereof, and that means are provided for supplying gas to each of said perforated cone-shaped members.

This incinerator or crematory is comparatively simple and inexpensive in construction, the same has no parts which are liable to get out of order, the same can be filled with garbage or refuse without liability of clogging the machine or producing an incomplete decomposition of the same and it permits of disposing of such material at comparatively low cost and without producing any discomfort or unpleasantness.

I claim as my invention:

1. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, a plurality of perforated spreading cones arranged in the lower part of said receptacle, a burner arranged below each of said cones, and a grate comprising an outer ring mounted on the lower part of' said receptacle and supporting said cones connecting the several cones independent y of said outer ring. 2. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, an ash pit arranged below the refuse receptacle,'a flue arranged adjacent to the outer side of said receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ashpit, a ,erforated spreading cone arranged in saifi receptacle and provided at its upper end with a horizontal nozzle which opens into said flue, and a burner 3. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, an ash pit arranged below the refuse receptacle, a flue arranged adjacent to the outer side of said receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ash pit, a perforated spreading cone arranged in said receptacle and provided at its upper end with an outwardly projecting nozzle' which opens into said flue and an inwardly projecting nozzle which opens into said receptacle, and a burner arranged below said cone.

4. A refuse incinerator comprising a. refuse receptacle, an ash it arranged below therefuse receptacle, av ue arranged adjacent to the outer side of saidl receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ash pit, a perforated spreading cone arranged in said receptacle and provided at its upper end with an outwardly projecting nozzle which opens into said flue and an inwardly projecting nozzle which opens into said receptacle and is provided below said nozzles with perforations, and a burner arranged below said cone.

5. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, a plurality of lower perforated spreading cones arranged side by side in said receptacle, an upper perforated spreading cone mounted on said lower spreading cones, and burners arranged below said lower spreading cones.

6. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle having a perforated wall, an ash pit arranged below said receptacle, perforated cones arranged in said receptacle, burners arranged below said cones, an upright flue surrounding said receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ash pit, an outlet chamber communicating with the upper ends of saidreceptacle and said, flue, and an outer deflector projecting from the wall of said outlet chamber inwardly over the upper end of the wall of said receptacle.

7. A. refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle having a perforated wall, an ash pit arranged below said receptacle, perforated cones arranged in said receptacle, burners arranged below said cones, lan upright flue surrounding said receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ash pit, anv outlet chamber communicating with the upper end of said receptacle and said flue, an outer defiector projecting from the wall of said outlet chamber inwardly over the upper end of the wall of said receptacle and an inner deflector arranged be-r tween the upper end of said receptacle and the lower end of said outlet chamber and ,projecting outwardly over said outer deflector.

8. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle having a perforated wall, an ash pit arranged below said receptacle, perforated cones arranged in said receptacle, burners arranged below said cones, an upright flue surrounding said receptacle and communicating at its lower end with said ash pitl an outlet chamber communicating with the` upper ends of said receptacle and said flue, an outer deflector projecting from the wall of said outlet chamber inwardly .flue between the same and constructed of segmental sections and provided at their meeting edges with openings which receive the lugs of said receptacle and with laterally projecting lugs which register with the lugs of said receptacle, and means for connecting the lugs of said shell and receptacle outside of said shell.

l0. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, a burner arranged below said receptacle, and provided with a fuel supply pipe, a valve arranged in said pipe for controlling the fuel passage and having a rotatable plug and handle connected with said plug, an ash pit arranged below the refuse receptacle and burners and having an opening, a door pivotally mounted'on the ash pit and controlling said opening thereof, and means for causing said door and valve to open and close simultaneously upon operating said valve comprising a flexible member connected at one end with said door and at its other end with said handle on one side of said plug and adjacent to the bonnet of said valve.

11. A refuse incinerator comprising a refuse receptacle, a flue adjacent to the side of the receptacle and having communication therewith 'at the side thereof, a grate, a perforated cone-shaped member in the lower portion of the receptacle and above the grate and provided with a gas escape tube communicating with said flue, and means for supplyingV gas to said perforated coneshaped member.

Witness my hand this 21st day of March, 1914:.

EDWARD KENER, JR.