US11920000B2 - Alkoxylated polyamidoamines as dispersant agents - Google Patents

Alkoxylated polyamidoamines as dispersant agents Download PDF

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US11920000B2
US11920000B2 US16/972,170 US201916972170A US11920000B2 US 11920000 B2 US11920000 B2 US 11920000B2 US 201916972170 A US201916972170 A US 201916972170A US 11920000 B2 US11920000 B2 US 11920000B2
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polyamidoamine
alkoxylated
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diamine
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US20210238349A1 (en
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Anna Mueller-Cristadoro
Thomas Wesley Holcombe
Frank Pirrung
Susanne Carina Engert
Alexander Panchenko
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BASF SE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/02—Polyamines
    • C08G73/028—Polyamidoamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
    • C09D17/001—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints in aqueous medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
    • C09D17/002—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints in organic medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
    • C09D17/004—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an inorganic pigment
    • C09D17/005—Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
    • C09D179/02—Polyamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an alkoxylated polyamidoamine which is obtainable by
  • Pigment dispersions are used in a variety of technical applications. Notably they are used in water or solvent based coating compositions, such as paints or inks.
  • Pigment dispersions should have a very concentration of pigments.
  • a dispersant is used for the preparation of pigment dispersions.
  • the dispersant should be very effective to disperse the pigment in the solvent selected.
  • Dispersants are desired that disperse pigments in water as well as in organic solvents.
  • the chemical synthesis of the dispersant should be easy and should not require any starting materials of low accessibility or starting materials that are problematic regarding toxicity or pollution of the environment or are otherwise hazardous.
  • the dispersant should allow the preparation of pigment dispersions of high homogeneity and low particle size of the distributed pigment particles.
  • the use of the pigment dispersions obtained should have no negative impact on the application properties of the water or solvent based coating compositions.
  • a variety of dispersants is already known, including alkoxylated compounds such as alkoxylated polyethyleneimines.
  • alkoxylated compounds such as alkoxylated polyethyleneimines.
  • EP-A 1454964, EP-A 1132440, and WO 01/92421 disclose pigment dispersions comprising alkoxylated polyethyleneimines and the use of such pigment dispersions in various coating compositions.
  • WO 2014/012812 discloses polycondensation products of trialkanolamine as dispersant for pigment dispersions.
  • Polyamidoamines on basis of a tricarboxylic compound are known from WO 2017/045987, U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,821, CN 101497695 and CN 101328267.
  • the polyamidoamines are used as crosslinker for polymers.
  • WO 2017/045987, U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,821, CN 101497695 and CN 101328267 do not disclose the use of polyamidoamines as dispersant.
  • WO 2017/045987, U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,821, CN 101497695 and CN 101328267 do not disclose the synthesis of alkyoxylated polyamidoamines.
  • a polycarboxylic compound having a total number TN of carboxylic groups of 3 to 10 is reacted with a primary diamine of formula I H 2 N—Z—NH 2
  • the carboxylic groups are preferably selected from carboxylic acid groups, carboxylic halogenid groups, carboxylic ester groups or carboxylic anhydride groups or mixtures thereof, whereby a carboxylic anhydride group corresponds to two carboxylic groups.
  • the carboxylic groups are carboxylic ester groups, notably carboxylic alkyl ester groups of formula —C( ⁇ O)—O—Y with Y being an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the polyarboxylic compound comprises 3 to 6 carboxylic groups. In a more preferred embodiment, the polyarboxylic compound comprises 3 or 4 carboxylic groups. In a most preferred embodiment the polycarboxylic compound comprises 3 carboxylic groups.
  • the polycarboxylic compound is a hydrocarbon that comprises the carboxylic groups but no other heteroatoms or functional groups.
  • the polycarboxylic compound has a molecular weight below 2000 g/mol, particularly below 1000 g/mol and more preferably below 500 g/mol.
  • Polycarboxylic compounds are, for example, citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane, 1,2,3 tricarboxylic acid, trimesic acid, trimellytic acid, trimellytic anhydride, cyclobutane and cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tenotetracarboxylic acid, and of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acids, benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and their anhydrides, Ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).
  • citric acid isocitric acid
  • aconitic acid propane
  • 1,2,3 tricarboxylic acid trimesic acid
  • trimellytic acid trimellytic anhydride
  • cyclobutane cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tenotetracarboxylic acid
  • benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acids benzo
  • polycarboxylic compounds are polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides, as, for example, 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid and 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid), preferably 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), trimellitic anhydride and, in particular, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (pyromellitic acid) and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (pyromellitic dianhydride), 3,3′,4,4′′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3′,4,4′′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, in addition benzenehexacarboxylic acid (mellitic acid) and anhydrides of mellitic acid.
  • polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides thereof are mellophanic acid and mellophanic anhydride, 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3,4,4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid and 3,3,4,4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2,3,3-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid and 2,2,3,3-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxy
  • polycarboxylic compounds are polycarboxylic acid esters which correspond to the esters of the above mentioned polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides.
  • carboxylic ester groups of such polycarboxylic acid esters are alkyl ester groups wherein the alkyl is an alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • a preferred polycarboxylic compound is a compound of formula II
  • R is hydrogen or a group C( ⁇ O)—R 2 with R 2 being an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, notably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • R is hydrogen
  • X 1 to X 3 independently from each other represent a chloride or a group O—R 1 .
  • R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, notably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • X 1 to X 3 independently from each other represent Cl or a group O—R 1 with R 1 being hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or iso-propyl.
  • X 1 to X 3 independently from each other represent a group O—R 1 with R 1 being hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or iso-propyl, notably with R 1 being ethyl.
  • the polycarboxylic compound is reacted with the primary diamine of formula I. H 2 N—Z—NH 2
  • Z is a hydrocarbon and does not comprise other atoms than hydrogen and carbon; notably Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
  • Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising a cycloaliphatic ring system.
  • the cycloaliphatic ring system is preferably a cyclohexyl ring, which may be substituted by one to three, notably one or two alkyl groups.
  • the alkyl groups may be C1- to C6-alkyl groups, notably the alkyl groups are methyl or ethyl.
  • the diamine of formula I is 1-methyl-2,4-diamine-cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2,6-diamine-cyclohexane or mixtures thereof. Mixtures of 1-methyl-2,4-diamine-cyclohexane and 1-methyl-2,6-diamine-cyclohexane are available from the corresponding mixtures of 2,6- and 2,4-diamino toluene by hydrogenation.
  • the primary diamine and the polycarboxylic compound are reacted to form a compound with amido groups and amino groups, known as amidoamine or polyamidoamine.
  • the reaction of the primary amino groups with the carboxylic group is well known and results in amido groups.
  • TN is the total number of carboxyclic groups of the polycarboxylic compound.
  • Reacting a polycarboxylic compound having 3 carboxylic groups with 3 mols of a primary diamine may result in a defined polyamidoamine having 3 amido groups and 3 primary amino groups and being formed from exactly one mol of the polycarboxylic compound and 3 mols of the primary diamine.
  • Using less than 3 mols of a primary diamine usually results in a polyamidoamine with a higher molecular weight as more amino groups of the primary diamine are consumed to form amido groups and thus connecting polycarboxylic compounds.
  • the polycarboxylic compound and the diamine are reacted in a ratio of 0.3 TN to 0.98 TN mols of the diamine per 1 mol of the polycarboxylic compound.
  • the polycarboxylic compound and the diamine are reacted in a ratio of 0.3 TN to 0.86 TN mols of the diamine per 1 mol of the polycarboxylic compound.
  • the polycarboxylic compound and the diamine are reacted in a ratio of 0.3 TN to 0.8 TN mols of the diamine per 1 mol of the polycarboxylic compound.
  • the reaction of the diamine and polycarboxylic compound may be performed with or without the use of a solvent.
  • the reaction is preferably performed without solvent, if the polycarboxylic compound and the diamine are liquid at 21° C., 1 bar.
  • a catalyst may be used. However, due to the reactivity of the primary amino groups and carboxyl groups, a catalyst is usually not required. Catalysts that might be used are, for example sodium hypohoshite or any other amidation catalysts known.
  • the reaction may be performed at normal pressure (1 bar).
  • a reduced pressure may be helpful to withdraw low boiling compounds such as water (in case of reacting a polycarboxylic compound with carboxylic acid groups) or alcohol such as ethanol (in case of reacting a polycarboxylic compound with carboxylic acid ester groups).
  • the reaction may be performed at elevated temperatures.
  • the reaction is performed at a temperature of 50 to 150° C., specifically of 80 to 120° C.
  • the reaction is performed under exclusion of oxygen.
  • the reaction may be performed, for example, under nitrogen.
  • the polyamidoamine obtained from process step a) may be liquid or solid at 21° C., 1 bar.
  • the polyamidoamine obtained in step a) has preferably an amino number of 100 to 1500 mg KOH/g of polyamidoamine.
  • the polyamidoamine obtained in step a) has an amino number of 100 to 800 mg KOH/g of polyamidoamine.
  • the amino number does not include the amido groups of the polyamidoamine.
  • the amino number corresponds to the number of amino groups of the polyamidoamine which may be alkoxylated in step b).
  • the polyamidoamine obtained from process step a) is alkoxylated with at least 0.5 mol of alkyleneoxide per 1 mol of primary amino groups of the polyamidoamine.
  • 0.5 corresponds to the average degree of alkoxylation of all primary amino groups of the polyamidoamine obtained in step a) which is referred to as “degree of alkoxylation” hereinafter.
  • Alkoxylation with an alkyleneoxide results in a group HO(—Z—O) n — bonded to the nitrogen atom of the formerly primary amino group.
  • Z is the alkylene group of the alkyleneoxide and n is an integral number.
  • both hydrogen groups may be replaced by a group HO(—Z—O) n —.
  • a degree of alkoxylation of, for example, 2 includes the case that a specific formerly primary amino group bears two groups HO(—Z—O) n — with n being 1 and has turned into a tertiary amino group or the case that a formerly primary amino group bears only one group HO(—Z—O) n — with n being 2 and has turned into become a secondary amino group.
  • the alkyleneoxide is preferably an alkyleneoxide with 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyleneoxide is ethyleneoxide, propyleneoxide or mixtures thereof.
  • the alkyleneoxide is ethyleneoxide.
  • alkoxylation of primary amino groups is a well-known process and may be performed according to procedures described in the art.
  • the alkoxylation is performed in two steps.
  • a first step the amino groups of the polyamidoamine are preferably reacted with alkylenoxide in the presence of water as catalyst; thus obtaining amino groups at least partially substituted by hydroxy alkyl groups.
  • the hydroxy alkyl groups and remaining primary or secondary amino groups are then further alkoxylated in a second step by reacting the hydroxy alky groups with further alkylenoxide in presence of a catalyst which is preferably an alkali or earth alkali hydroxide.
  • a catalyst which is preferably an alkali or earth alkali hydroxide.
  • any water for example water from the first step or water introduced as solvent of the alkali or earth alkali hydroxide
  • any water is removed from the reaction mixture before the reaction of the second step is started.
  • a solvent may be used in process step b) if desired, notably if the polyamidoamine used as starting material is solid at the temperature of the reaction in step b), see below.
  • a suitable solvent may be, for example, toluene.
  • the alkoxylation is preferably performed at elevated temperatures, notably at a temperature of 50 to 150° C., specifically of 80 to 130° C.
  • the reaction is performed under exclusion of oxygen.
  • the reaction may be performed, for example, under nitrogen.
  • process step b) is performed semi-continuously, whereby the total amount of the polyamidoamine is charged to a reactor and the alkylenoxide is added continuously during the reaction time.
  • a product mixture is obtained that may comprise volatile compounds, for example water. Any volatile compounds may be removed by distillation, preferably in vacuo at elevated temperatures.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine obtained may be liquid or solid at 21° C., 1 bar.
  • the degree of alkoxylation of the alkoxylated polyamidoamine is 0.5 to 100 mols of alkyleneoxide per 1 mol of primary amino groups, more preferably 5 to 80 mols of alkyleneoxide per 1 mol of primary amino groups.
  • the degree of alkoxylation of the primary amino groups of the polyamidoamine obtained in step a) is 10 to 60 mols of alkyleneoxide per 1 mol of primary amino groups.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine obtained has preferably a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 300 to 50.000, more preferably of 300 to 10.000 and most preferably of 500 to 5.000 g/mol.
  • the number average molecular weight has been determined by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofurabe as solvent.
  • the system was calibrated in the molecular weight range of 682 to 2520000 g/mol using linear polystyrene standards.
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows an alkoxylated polyamidoamine obtained by process steps a) and b) from a polycarboxylic compound of formula II and a mixture of 1-methyl-2,4-diamine-cyclohexane and 1-methyl-2,6-diamine-cyclohexane and ethylene oxide.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine may be used as dispersant, notably as dispersant for solid particles in liquid compositions.
  • the solid particles may be organic or inorganic particles.
  • the liquid compositions may be compositions comprising water as solvent or compositions comprising organic solvents.
  • the solid particles have an average particle diameter in the range of from 20 nm to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably of 50 nm to 20 ⁇ m and most preferably of 50 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter corresponds to the d50 value of the particle seize distribution (50% by weight of all particles having a particle diameter higher than the d50 value and 50% by weight of all particles having a particle diameter lower than the d50 value).
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine is used as dispersant for the preparation of pigment dispersions.
  • Pigments are used, for example, in coating compositions. Usually, a pigment dispersion is prepared first and the pigment dispersion obtained is then added to a coating composition.
  • the pigment may be an organic or inorganic pigment.
  • the term “pigment” shall include fillers. Fillers are organic or inorganic particles that are used to increase the volume of a coating composition and thus reduce the amount of chemical binders required.
  • Preferred pigment dispersions comprise
  • Organic pigments are, for example, monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, anthanthrone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, dioxazine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, indanthrone pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, isoviolanthrone pigments, metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, pyranthrone pigments, thioindigo pigments and triarylcarbonium pigments.
  • Inorganic pigments are, for example,
  • Inorganic pigments are preferred; notably inorganic pigments selected from inorganic yellow pigments and inorganic white pigments, especially titanium dioxide, barium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
  • the pigment dispersion may comprise a mixture of different pigments.
  • a more detailed list of pigments is found in WO 2014/012812 which is incorporated by reference.
  • the pigments dispersions comprise the above alkoxylated polyamidoamine.
  • the pigment dispersions comprise the alkoxylated polyamidoamine in an amount of 0.1 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of pigments
  • the pigment dispersions comprise the alkoxylated polyamidoamine in an amount of 1 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of pigments.
  • the pigment dispersions comprise the alkoxylated polyamidoamine in an amount of 2 to 120 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of pigments.
  • the pigment dispersions may comprise further dispersants.
  • At least 50%, more preferably at least 80% by weight of all dispersants in the pigment dispersion are the alkoxylated polyamidoamines above.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamines are the only dispersants in the pigment dispersion.
  • the pigment dispersions comprise a solvent selected from water, organic solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • Organic solvents may be hydrohilic or hydrophobic organic solvents. Preferred are water or hydrophilic organic solvents that are miscible with water in any ratio or mixtures thereof.
  • Such solvents are, for example, n-butylacetate, methoxypropanol, methoxypropyl acetate, ethylacetate, isopropanol, isobutanol, butylglycol, ethanol, aceton, methylethylketone, diisobutylketone, di methylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, polyethylene- and polypropylene-glycols, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, and the like.
  • the pigment dispersions comprise the solvent preferably in an amount to obtain pigment dispersions with a solids content of from 1 to 85% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight.
  • the pigment dispersions may comprise further additives, for example biocides and wetting agents.
  • the pigment dispersion may be prepared by mixing the pigments, the alkoxylated polyamidoamine, the solvent and optionally other dispersant and further additives in a dispersing apparatus.
  • dispersing apparatuses examples include mills, such as rotor stator mills, ball mills, bead mills, sand mills, planetary mills, double chamber mills, three roll mills, and stirred ball mills. Further examples for dispersing apparatuses are kneaders, dissolvers, kneader-mixers, planetary kneaders, vat kneaders, and Skandex shakers. Preference is given to ball mills, bead mills, and stirred ball mills.
  • the pigment dispersions may be prepared at a temperature of, for example, 5 to 80° C.
  • the mixing of the components in the dispersing apparatus may, for example, be performed for a time of 1 minute to 24 hours, in case of ball mills or stirred ball mills as dispersing apparatus preferably for a time of 1 to 10 hours, or, in case of three roll mills, for a time of 2 to 10 minutes.
  • the pigment dispersions are preferably used for the preparation of aqueous or organic solvent based coating compositions, adhesives or sealants.
  • Coating compositions, adhesives or sealants usually comprise a binder which is preferably an organic compound, such as a polymer, an oligomer or a monomer or a mixture thereof. Monomers and oligomers are usually reacted to become a polymer (by polymerization or crosslinking reactions) after applying the coating composition to a substrate surface.
  • Organic polymers used as binders are notably alkyd resins, polyurethane, polyurea, polymers obtained by radical or ionic polymerization processes, such as poly(meth)acrylics, polyester or epoxy resins.
  • the pigment dispersions may be added to the coating compositions, adhesives or sealants and mixed with the other components in any manner known in the art.
  • the obtained coating compositions, adhesives or sealants may comprise the pigments in an amount of, for example, 1 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 500 parts by weight and notably in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine of this invention are easy to prepare the raw materials are easily accessible and may be obtained from renewable sources.
  • the alkoxylated polyamidoamine have high suitability as dispersants, although their amino density is low, often lower than the amino density of alkoxylated polyethylenimines.
  • the pigment dispersions have high stability, low viscosity and are very useful to equip coating compositions, adhesives or sealants with pigments.
  • the coating compositions, adhesives or sealants obtained have good applicability and result in coatings, laminates or seals with high gloss and good mechanical properties.
  • the cured coatings are homogeneous, show no defects and have good appearance.
  • the polymer was characterized via Gel Permeation Chromatography in hexafluoroisopropanol.
  • Polymer A Polyamidoamine 1 Ethoxylated with 40 Ethoxy Groups Per Primary Amino Group
  • the polymer was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography in THF.
  • Polymer B Polyamidoamine 2 Ethoxylated with 40 Ethoxy Groups Per Primary Amino Group
  • the polymer was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography in THF.
  • Polymer C Polyamidoamine 3 Ethoxylated with 38.4 Ethoxy Groups Per Primary Amino Group
  • the polymer was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography in THF.
  • Polymer D Polyamidoamine 1 Propoxylated with 24 Propoxy Groups Per Primary Amino Group
  • reaction mixture was allowed to post-react for 6 hours and subsequently the reactor was cooled to 100° C.
  • the reaction mixture was stripped with nitrogen and volatile compounds were removed in vacuo at 80° C. 899.7 g of the propoxylated polyamidoamine were obtained.
  • the polymer was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography in THF.
  • Polymers A, B, C and D of example 4 to 7 are alkoxylated polyamidoamines. They were used as dispersant for the preparation of a pigment paste. The pigment paste was added to aqueous coating systems.
  • Sokalan® HP 20 (shortly referred to as Polymer S) was used for comparison; polymer S is an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine solved in water (solid content 80% by weight).
  • pigments the carbon black pigments Special Black 100 and Colour Black FW 200 were used.
  • Polymers A to D were provided as highly viscous solvent-free materials with an active content of 100%.
  • the samples were heated up to 60° C. for easier handling.
  • Polymer S is a solution it could be simply added with increase of temperature.
  • Pigment dispersions were prepared by mixing the components in the respective amounts and milling them down to their primary particle sizes.
  • the characterization of the pigments used is outlined in Table 1 below.
  • the pigments were selected from the pigment class Pigment Black 7 (PBK 7) and are chemically composed of amorphous carbon from soot by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, and having different particle sizes and specific surface areas.
  • the pigment Color Black FW 200 if well dispersed, leads to rather transparent black coating films due to its small primary particles at ⁇ 20 nm, and is used for tinting of high quality coatings.
  • Special Black 100 has a slightly larger particle size of 50 nm, is used for mass tones in water-based coatings.
  • the pigment dispersions were prepared by mixing the components in the respective addition level as outlined in Tables 2 and 3 below for each of the pigments at two different DOP levels, by which is meant the percentage of weight of active dispersant on weight of pigment.
  • the pigment dispersions are also referred to as pigment pastes.
  • Pigment pastes were prepared by mixing the components listed in table 2 and 3 and adding glass beads in an amount of 40 g (1 part of weight of glass beads per 1 part of the total weight of all components)
  • the mixtures of table 2 and 3 were Skandex® shaken in parallel for 2 hours at room temperature and the glass beads were removed by filtration.
  • the rheology of the obtained pigment dispersions was measured after 24 hrs by using a Paar Physika UDS 200 rheometer with a cone/plate geometry. Viscosities were measured in the shear rate ranges from 0.01 to 1024 1/s. For evaluation the viscosities at a shear rate of 1.0 1/s were compared, see viscosities of the pigment dispersions in Tables 5 and 6 in mPas.
  • a paint was prepared by mixing part of the pigment dispersions (pigment paste) with an acrylic water based resin system.
  • binder NeoCryl® XK-98 was used, which is an ammonia neutralized anionic acrylic copolymer emulsion ex.
  • DSM Coating Resins and provides high gloss, early block resistance and good color development upon tinting.
  • the pigment dispersions were selected to obtain pigmented coatings comprising 4.1 wt % of the pigment Special Black 100 or, alternatively 2.5 wt % of Colour Black FW 200, based on the total weight of the obtained wet pigmented coating which corresponds to 8.8% of Special Black 100 or, alternatively, 5.2% of Colour Black FW 200 based on the dried film.
  • the pigmented coating was applied to a polyester sheet with a 50 ⁇ wire bar coater, and the film was dried overnight at room temperature.
  • Negative impacts on appearance were seeding, surface roughness and haze.
  • the pigment dispersions were prepared as described above.
  • the pigment dispersion comprised 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate as solvent.
  • a paint was prepared by mixing part of the obtained pigment dispersion with a medium solid stoving enamel system.
  • the medium solid stoving enamel was composed as shown in Table 8.
  • composition of the medium solid stoving enamel component Function w/w % Setal 173 VS-60 Saturated polyester binder 24.7% From Allnex CAB 381.2 & CAB 381.20 Cellulose acetate binder 23.1% (ratio 72/28) From Eastman Maprenal MF 650 Melamine crosslinker 11.5% From Ineos Resamine HF 480 Plasticizer Resin 2.9% From Allnex Butyl Acetate Solvent 18.9% From BASF Xylene From BASF Solvent 18.9% total 100.00%
  • the components of the medium solid stoving enamel were mixed and stirred with efficient agitation.
  • the final pigmented coating (wet) that was applied on the substrate thus contained 1.5 wt.-% of the pigment Colour Black FW 200, based on the total weight of the obtained wet pigmented coating and 3 wt % based on the cured film.
  • the final pigmented coating was applied to a polyester sheet with a 50 ⁇ wire bar coater, left at RT for 10 min for flash off and cured in an ventilated oven at 130° C. for 30 min.
  • Negative impacts on appearance were seeding, surface roughness and haze.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
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ES2960446T3 (es) 2024-03-04
PL3802665T3 (pl) 2024-01-03
BR112020023961B1 (pt) 2022-11-29
US20210238349A1 (en) 2021-08-05
CN112218907A (zh) 2021-01-12
JP7362672B2 (ja) 2023-10-17
JP2021527143A (ja) 2021-10-11
MX2020013204A (es) 2021-02-26
WO2019233795A1 (en) 2019-12-12
BR112020023961A2 (pt) 2021-02-23
EP3802665A1 (en) 2021-04-14
CN112218907B (zh) 2024-02-13

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