US1186438A - Steam or gas turbine. - Google Patents

Description

K. RDR. y STEAM'OR GAS TIIRBINE. APPLICATION 'FILED NU! 1. 1915 Patented June 6,' 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEEI l.

IIIIII t! K. R'DER.

STEAM OR GAS TURBiNt. APPLICATION- HLED JULY l, 1915.

1,186 3 8. l Pateted June 6, 1916 5 SHEETS S HEET 2.

K. RDER.

STEAM OR GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED ]ULY l. 19l5.

5 SHEETS-SEET 4."

1 ,186,438 Patented June 6, 1916.

K. R'DER.

STEAM OH GA`S TURBINE.

APFLICATION FILED JULY l. 1915.

Patened June 6, 191 6.

5 SHEETST-SHEET 5.

HEM EE KARL BDEB, OF MLHEm-oN-TBE-RUHB, GEBMANY.

STEAM OR! GAS TURBINE.

Speeiflcation of Letters ?utenti Patented-une 6, 1918..

A lication filed Jul 1, 1915. seriarofsaso.

'- :To all wlzom it may concern Be it known tht I, KARL RDER, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Goethe- 'platz 3, Miilheim-on-the-Ruhr, Germany,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam or Gas Turbines,`of

'which the following is a specication.

Turbines having drum shaped shafts have .the advantage. over wheeled'turbines that their shafts have considrably more stability, the critical number of revolutions there of being considerably higher than the number of revolutions during ordinary running. For heavy, loads and high speed, however, these turbines are not suitable on account of the high strain on the drum. The proposition of subdividing the drum in such cases into separate Wheels leads to constructions which have the disadvantages peculiar to wheeled turbines.

Through the present invention drum turbines are made suitable for high speed, While still retaining their advantages. In accordance with the present invention blade Carriers are built in between the drum and the ends of the shaft, and in the case of double turbines, also between the two drums, which blade Carriers are constructed as disks of high peripheral Speed. The requirement for these high peripheral speeds in the last stages only, is on account of thehigh specific volume of the steam, and when required in the first stage, it is in order to keep the pres sure and t'emperature in the housing as low as possible. In the middle-pressure portion, the drums may retain a low peripheral speed and Small diameters as full admission of Stcam or gas is intended. Through this new construction an extraordinarily rigid rotor is provided; the limits for constructing such turbines Will be placed higher by means of the corresponding formation of the disks without center boring than those of wheeled turbihes with through going shaft and bored disks. t

In the accompanying drawings which show several embodiments of the new drum tul-bine with two or three drum bottoms constructed as disks without central boring, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of such a 'turbine having a single drum and a disk at each end. Fig. 2 is a similar view of two drums with end dlSkS and a central dlsk between the two drums. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a drum having double disks closing one end. Fig. 4, a single drum with a disk at each end' provided with integral journals, Flg. 5, a construction similar to Fig. 4, em-

bodying two disks at one end of the drum,

the out er `one of said disks having &n integral ournal thereon and Fig. 6, en em bodiment of the invention in which the -e ments ofFig. 1 are augmented by additio iel elements which adapt the engine for high speed running, both forward and backward, and thus render it suitable for such uses as the propulsion of ships. 4

The rotating portion of the machine is, in Fig. 1, composed of the drum a, the disks b and G, and the shaft journals d. The high pressure blades 6 and the low pressure blades g are seoured on the disks while the middle pressure blades f are secured onthe drum itself.

The modification disclosed in Fig. 2 differs from the one described, in that the disk Z) is' situated centrally between two (lrums a and end disks 0.

In Fig. 3 a further embodiment of the in- Vention is disclosed in which the low pres sure blades. g which exercise the highest centrifugal force', are secured to' two disks 0 and (3 attached to the end of the drum. The disks of this embodimentbeing also without central borings'are suitable for the construction of Wheels eXposed to high Stress.

The construction of the drum turbines may also be accomplished by making the disks or one portion of the disks in one piece with the adjacent end of the shaft, thereby accomplishing a simplification in construction. Fig. 4 shows such a modification of the invention. The disks serving as Carriers for c the high pressure blades 6 and the low pressure blades 7 are not, in this case, secured by screws to the journals d, but the journals are here shown as central projections on the cehtral solid portions of the disks ?J and c, respectively.

The difference in the construction disclosed in Fig. 5 is that the similarly constructed journal (l is integral with only the outer one a, of the Carriers for the low pressure blades while the other disk 0 is made without any such projecton.

Fig. 6 shows the employment of the invention in connection with turbines Such as those which, when put into use: are made to act 'through Wheel gears, to drive Shippropellers and which therefore must be constructed for great output and high Speed of rerolution' and arranged both for forward and backward running. In addition to the members described in connection. With Fig. l and designated by the same letters of reference here, the high pressure disk b and the drum a are provided for the &Stern turbine Which disk and Which drum are fitted with the blades e, and f, respectively. As 'the astern turbine is built for a smaller out' put InoStly than the forward turbine, a low pressure disk for the astern turbine is not provided in the modification represented in this figure of the drawing.

I claim:-

1. In a turbine, a rotor Comprising a drum having pressure blades arranged thereupon and a disk, carrying not more than two rows of peripherally attached low pressure blades, fixed to the lOW pressure end of the drum So as to constitute a head therefor, Said disk being, further, of greater diameter than the drum and the shaft being divided So that the drum lies between its inner ends.

2. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a drum having pressure blades arranged thereupon and a disk, carrying not more than two rows of peripherally attached low pressure blades, fixed to the low pressure end of the drum SO as to constitutea head therefor, said disk being of greater diameter than the drum and having its central part extended on the side away from the drum to constitute one end of the shaft. 7

The foregoing Specification'signed at Barlnen this 15 (lay of April, 1915.

KARL RDEITL\ [L.S.] III pl'esence Of- HELEN NUFER, A BERT NUFER.

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