US1173416A

US1173416A - Hydraulic motor.

Info

Publication number: US1173416A
Application number: US75876413A
Authority: US
Inventors: William A Doble; Leopold M Karnasch
Original assignee: PELTON WATER WHEEL CO
Current assignee: PELTON WATER WHEEL Co
Priority date: 1913-04-04
Filing date: 1913-04-04
Publication date: 1916-02-29
Anticipated expiration: 1933-02-28

Description

W. A. DOBLE & L. M. KARNASCH.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, 19m

1,173,416. Patented Feb. 29, 1916 3SHEETS-SHEETL s, N m

WITNESSES HWENTHM 4W B WHDOBifE/j/fiA/D H I z. HEN/775C 7%622? v r COLUMBIA PLANOGRAFH 50.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

W. A. DOBLE. & L. M. KARNASCH.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, I913.

" 1,173,416. Patented Feb. 29,191

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

cum-gun" W. A. DOBLE & LI M. 'KARNASCH.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.4,1913. 1,173,416, 7 Patented Feb. 29, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- EWQMMMMIKQ in N i 4"]! illsfii WITNESSES INVENTDHS W. H. DOBLE H'N d AQ BY 4 741Wa/as21/ UNTTFQD %TATE% PATENT @FFTQE.

WILLIAIE A. DOBLE AND LECPGIYJD M. KARNASC -L, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIG-NORS TO THE EELTUN WATER WHEEL COMPANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, GALI- IEORNIA, A CORPORATION CF CALIFORNIA.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 29, 1316.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, lVILLIAM A. DOBLE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and LnoPoLo M. Knmvnson, a subject of the Empire of Germany, residents of the city and. county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Hydraulic Motors, of which the following is a. specification.

The invention relates to hydraulic motors and'particularly to hydraulic motors which are driven by a jet of water.

The object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic motor having a high efficiency.

Another object of the invention is to provide a jet operated hydraulic motor which will operate at a high efficiency at such speeds in relation to the speed of the jet, at which the heretofore constructed jetoperated motors would operate at a low efi'iciency.

A. further object of the invention is to provide a jet operated hydraulic motor which is capable of operation at a high efiiciency at speeds ranging from approximately 50 per cent. of the velocity of the jet to 130 per cent. of the velocity of the jet and higher.

A further object of the invention is to provide a high speed hydraulic motor which is susceptible to very close regulation.

The invention possesses other advantageous features, which, with the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the following description where we shall outline in full that form of the invention which has been selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. The novelty of the in vention will be included in the claims succeeding said description.

From this it will be apparent that we do not limit ourselves to the showing made by such drawings and description, as we may adopt many variations within the scope of our invention, as included in said claims.

Referring to said drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical section through one type of motor of our invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the motor, part thereof being shown'inisecion. Fig. 3 is a detail showing in cross section the stationary splitter and several of the vanes; the vanes and splitter being curved to produce the maximum eficiency when the vanes travel at 1.25 times the velocity of the jet. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the curvature of the splitter and vanes to produce a maximum efficiency when the vanes travel at .5 times the velocity of the jet. Fig. 5 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the motor and nozzle, showing one means of regulating the speed of the motor. Fig. 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the motor and nozzle showing another means of regulating the speed of the motor. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal ho izontal section of one form of splitter, taken immediately below the upper flange. Fig. 8 is a cross section of one of the vanes of the runner, taken on the line A.A of Fig. 2-.

In jet operated hydraulic motors, as heretofore constructed, and known generally as tangential water wheels or impact water wheels, the maximum efhciency of t 1e motor is obtained when the speed of the cen er of the buckets or the speed of revolution at the pitch circle is substantially one-half the speed of the jet. The pitch circle is a circle concentric with the wheel or runner and tangential to the axis of the jet. By reason of this relation between the spouting velocity of the jet and the speed of the runner, such speeds have been fixed by the head of the water which is used. In the present construction the speed of the runners or wheels is not directly dependent upon the spouting velocity of the jet, but the apparatus may be designed to operate a high efficiency at any speed, within certain limits, so that the speed of rotation of a given installation is not fixed by the available head ofwater. This is a great advantage in the hydraulic generation of power, since it permits a much higher speed for a given head than has heretofore been practically and economically possible. Theoretically, any speed relation between the jet and the runner may be obtained, but due to mechanical considerations, the mosteiiicient speeds will fall within or substantially near the limits hcreinbefore set forth. Further, a jet of water traveling at a high speed is more readily controlled than a large body of water traveling at a slower speed, so that the present device, while embodying all of the advantages of hydraulic turbines in regard to speed and eficiency, has the further advantage of being readily governed or controlled under varying loads. Apparatus of this description is generally used for driving electric genera-tors, and in order that the voltage of'the generated current be substantially constant under varying loads, it is advisable that the speed of the generator be 7 substantially constant.

The apparatus consists of two revolving elements, mounted: on the same shaft and spaced apart from each other, between which is arranged a normally stationary splitter for dividing the jet and directing the water at the proper angle into or against the vanes or buckets of the revolving elements.

The revolving elements, or runners 2, are preferably cast or fashioned separately and attached to a hub 3, which may be integral with the shaft 4 or maybe bolted thereto.

Vfhile we have stated that the rotating part of the apparatus comprises two revolving elements, it should be understood that these,

elements are securely fastened to each other, or to a common hub orshaft, or may be formed integral. The circumferential parts of the revolving elements or element are spaced apart from each other, producingin effect two revolving elements, and for the sake of convenience the rotating part will.

be so described, but it is to be understood that an integral structure having two circuinferential portions or annular areas spaced apart falls withinthe meaning of the expression two revolving elements. In Fig. 2 is-shown an overhanging shaft construction in which the hub 3 is bolted to a flange on the shaft, but it is evident that the shaft may extend through the unit and be provided with a bearing on each side when desirable. The 'hub may be pressed on or keyed to the shaft and may be provided with two annular flanges, to .which the runners backward towardthe direction from which i the jet is traveling, so that the reaction of the water in passing over the vanes will cause the runners to revolve. These vanes are curved in the plane of the pitch line at various curvatures, depending upon the desired speed of the runner in relation'to the speed of the et, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4; Since the various parts of each vane travel at different speeds, due to the distances of such parts from the center of rotation, the curvature of the vanes vary from the inner to the outer ends thereofl curvature of the vane adjacent the inner wall 5, represented by line 75, Fig. 8, is

sharper than the curvature of the vane ad j'acent the outer wall 6, represented by the line 76, the curvature flattenlng out somewhat from one to the other. The vanes may be either arranged radially or may be con- That is,- the.

arrange the vanes radially or concave. The

side walls 5' and 6 preferably diverge from.

each other, to increase the height and therefore the area of the vane outwardly, and

the dischar e edges 8cof the vanes are prefs erably curved outward to increase thedischarge area. g

Arranged between the runners, or between the annularprojecting portionsof the retating element, preferably at a point below the axis of rotation, is a normally stationary splitter 9 mounted upon a suitable frame or support 12. The forward edge of the splitter intersects the axis of the jet 13, so that the water is equally divided thereby.

The rear edges of the splitter lie close to the intake edges of the. vanes, so that the water is projected from the splitter. onto the vanes. The curvature of the splitter depends-upon the curvature of the vanes, as

shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and the curvature of the splitter above and below the axis of the et, preferably variesin accordance with the curvature of the vanes above and below 3 the pitch circle. In Fig. 7' we have shown a splitter in which the curvature varies from top to bottom. 'The greater curvature 9? occurs at the upper portion of the splitter and the lesser curvature 9 occurs atthe lower portion of the splitter. is usually provided at its top and bottom edges with overhanging or projecting ribs or flanges let and the body of the splitter is curved out to meet these flanges;

Arranged between the two runners, at that part where the water is not entering or being discharged from the vanes, is a frame or structure 15 having closed side walls-16 lying adjacent the intake sideof the vanes. This arrangement prevents the apparatus from operating as an air blower, decreases the windage losses, and consequently increases the efficiency of the apparatus. Surroundingthe apparatus is a housing 19,

' which confines the-water and also prevents windage losses. The apparatus is prefer- The splitter i ably arranged over a pit 21, the lower part 7 of the apparatus lying below the top thereof,

so that the discharge water is readily collected and disposed of. The shaft is generally so placed that the water is discharged from the vanes before they rise above the side walls of the pit.

The jet of water 13 spouts from a nozzle 17 which is connected to the source of supply by a suit-able pipe line. The size of the jet issuing from the nozzle may be controlled by a needle 18 which may be operated automatically or manually. On account of the size of the pipe line, however, and the velocity of the water traveling therein, itis not possible to vary the size of the jet issuing from the nozzle by opening and closing the discharge aperture therein, to compensate for the varying load upon the hydraulic motor. The needle must be operated very slowly in order to prevent an excessive and destructive pressure at the lower end of the pipe line, and other means must be employed for varying the energy delivered to the hydraulic motor. This may be accomplished in several ways, some of which will be described herein.

In Fig. 5 is shown a means for diverting part or all of the jet from the splitter 9, by means of a jet deflector 22, the movement of which is controlled by the governor 23, driven from the shaft 4:, or other rotating part of the unit. The jet deflector 22 is mounted upon a suitably arranged rocker shaft 24 so that it may be moved about the axis of the shaft, and is connected to the governor 23 by the links and levers 25-2627.

The governor operates, usually, to open and close valves in opposite sides of the cylinder 28, in which a piston connected to link 27 is movable, to admit or discharge a fluid under pressure to or from the opposite sides of the piston. An increase in speed of the governor moves the jet defiector 22 to deflect sufiicient water from the splitter to bring the runners back to their normal speed. When desired, the governor may be disconnected and the jet deflector operated by the hand wheel 29. The needle 18 is operated to vary the size of the jet by means of the hand wheel 31.

In the construction shown in Fig. 6, we employ an auxiliary nozzle 32 Which operates to relieve the nozzle and pipe line from excessive pressure as the needle 18 is moved to vary the size of the jet. The relief nozzle 32 is provided with a needle 33 for controlling the discharge therefrom. The needle 33 is connected through the medium of the springs 34 and the dash pct 35 with a lever 36 which is pivoted to a stationary fulcrum 37 intermediate between its ends and connected at the other end to the stem of the needle 18. The movement of needle 18 is controlled by variations in the speed of the motor by the governor 23 which operates to control the flow of fluid under pressure into and out of the opposite sides of cylinder 38, in which is arranged a piston secured to the stem of needle 18. As the speed of the runner increases, due to a lessening of the load, needles 18 and 33 move simultaneously, needle 18 to reduce the size of the jet striking the splitter, and needle 33 to open nozzle 32 to compensate for the closing of nozzle 17. Under the influence of the springs 34, the needle 33 is then moved very slowly, due to the dash pct 35, to a closed position.

When the discharge is being automatically controlled by the governor, the link il, connecting the stem of needle 18 with the hand operating mechanism 42, should be uncoupled. VVhen it is desirable to control the discharge manually, the link 41 is connected as shown and the by-p-ass valve 43, between the opposite sides of cylinder 38, is opened.

We claim:

1. In a hydraulic motor, a rotatable element having an annular series of vanes thereon increasing in height outwardly, a nozzle from which a jet of water issues, and means arranged adjacent the inner edge of the vanes for directing the water onto the vanes.

2. In a hydraulic motor, a pair of axially alined rotatable elements, each having an anular series of vanes thereon, increasing in height outwardly, a stationary splitter arranged between said elements adapted to divide a jet of water and direct it against the vanes, a nozzle from which the jet of water discharges, and means in the nozzle for varying the size of the jet.

3. In a hydraulic motor, a pair of axially alined rotatable elements, each having an annular series of vanes thereon, a stationary splitter adapted to divide a jet of water and direct it against the vanes, and a nozzle from which the jet of water discharges, said vanes increasing in height outwardly from that side of the elements adjacent the splitter.

4. In a hydraulic motor, a pair of axially alined rotatable elements each having an nular chambers therein increasing in width outwardly, a plurality of vanes arranged in each chamber and a stationary splitter for a jet of water arranged between said chambers.

5. In a jet operated hydraulic motor, a pair of axially alined rotatable elements, each provided with a plurality of vanes, flaring outwardly to greater width in a plane of the axis of rotation of said motor, a nermally stationary splitter for a jet of water arranged between said elements and having overhanging top and bottom edges, a nozzle spaced apart from said splitter, and means in the nozzle for controlling the size of the jet.

6. In a jet operated hydraulic motor, a

arranged between said elements normally stationary splitter for the jet of water having a vertical front edge and curved, sides, the; curvatureof the sides varying from the'top to the bottom edge.

7 In a jet operated hydraulic motor, two rotatable elements spaced apart from each other at their outer portions, a plurality of substantially radial vanes arranged on said elements adjacent the circumference thereof, said vanes being curved transversely of the plane of rotation at varying curvatures depending upon the distance from the center of rotation, and means arranged between the elements for dividing the jet of water and directing the divided portions onto the vanes.

8. In a jet operated hydraulic motor, a shaft, ahub mounted on said shaft, two annular flanges on said hub, an annular memher having inwardly and outwardly flaring walls secured to each of said flanges, substantially radial vanes arranged between said walls, and means arranged between said annular members for dividing the jet and directing the divided portions onto said vanes.

9. A hydraulic motor comprising two rotatable elements each provided with an annular passage extending therethrough, vanes arranged in said passages, a stationary splitter for a jet of water arranged between said elements in line with said passages, and a shield arranged between said passages at that portion where the Water is not entering or discharging fromthe passages.

10. A hydraulic motor comprising two connected rotatable elements spaced apart at their outer portions and having annular passages extending therethrough, vanes arranged in said passages, and stationary circular plates arranged adjacent the intake side of said passages.

11. A hydraulic motor comprising a nor mally stationary splitter for a jet of Water,

rotatable elements arranged on opposite sides. of. said splitter, and a jet, deflector for controlling said jet.

12. A hydraulic motor comprising a nornally stationary splitter for a jet 'of-water, rotatable elements arranged on opposite sides of said splitter, and a jet deflector operative by variations in speed of said rotating elements for controlling said jet. 7

13. A hydraulic motor comprising a stationary splitter for a jet of water, rotatable elements arranged on opposite sides of said splitter, a governor connected to said rotating elements and a j et deflector controlled by said governor and for controlling said et.

14. A hydraulic motor comprising a stationary splitter for a jet of water, runners arranged on opposite'sides of said splitter, means for directing a jet of water against said splitter, means operative by the rotation of the runners for controlling said jetand means for varying the si-zeof said jet.

15. In a et operated hydraulic motor, a normally stationary splitter, rotatable elements au'anged on opposite sides of said splitter, said elements including apluralitv of vanes flaring outwardly to increased width,

16. In a jet operated hydraulic motor. a

normally stationary splitter, rotatable elements arranged on oppositesides of said spl1tter,sa1d elements including a plurality of vanes flaring outwardly to greater width,

the discharge edges of. said vanes being curved outwardly. x In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands at San Francisco, California, this 28th day of March, 1913.

ILLIAM A. DOBLE. LEOPOLD M. KARNASCH. In the presenceof FREDERICK GFELLER, C. W. POHLMANN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each. by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, 10.0.