US1171400A - Building construction. - Google Patents

Description

E. A C. HOGE.

. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED MAY 3, 1915.

1,171,400. Paf enlted Feb.8,1916.'

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

- E. A. C. HOGE. BUILDING cowsmucnom. APPLICATION FILED MAY 3. 1915.

i Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET?- U A O THE COLUMBIA PLANGGRAPH co; WAS HINGTON, D. C.

UNITED 'ME a e EDWARD A. 0. EDGE, or E MHURST, NEW 0312,- ASSIGNOR TO KEYSTONE rrnnraoorme COMPANY, or NEW YORK, N. -Y., A CORPORATION or DELAWARE- BUILDING c'oNsTn oTIo v.

ToaZZ whom it may concern. 1 V i Be it known that I, EDWARD A. C. HoeE, a-citizen of the United States, and residing at Elmhurst, Long Island, in the county.

of Queens and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Building Construction, of which the following specification is a full disclosure.

This invention deals with. an improved method of erecting the floor structures of buildings and it also proposes a novel and improved construction affording pronounced structural advantages over those heretofore lIl use.

A primary object is to create a roof or floor structure distinguished by an evenly distributed load-bearing capacity and in which the weight between the girders will: be carried essentially by tension elements combined with a number of compression elements disposed to relieve the outermost girders of accumulated lateral strains and combined also with a filler or matrix of.

light-weight plastic material Various other ob ectsand advantages will. be in part obviousfrom the annexed draw-' ings and in part indicated in connection therewith by the following analysis of this invention. I 1

Thi invention accordinglyconsi'sts in the features of construction, of the end-bay and in the relative proportioning and disposi-.

tion thereof and in the unique relations of the specially constructed end-bays with re-' spect to the conventionally constructed middle bays, all as more completely outlined herein.

To enable others skilled in the art so fully to comprehend the underlying features thereof that they may embody the same by the numerous modifications in structure and relation contemplated by this invention,- drawings depicting a preferred form of. my proposed structure have been annexed as a a portion of a building constructed in ac- Fig. 2;is-a: longitudinal section parallel with the sus-- cordance with this invention.

pension cables, andv Fig. 3 is a section of an end bay of a floor embodying this-invert tion.

Specification of Letters Patent.

In erecting a buildingin accordance with this invention, a plurality of purlins or floorbeams 1, 2, 3, etc.,-are suitably mounted on their ends by thewalls'or the outer framework of the building. These beams or girders will preferably be formed of rolled steel in the form of 'I-beams or channelg beams; and they will be ranged in parallelismand spaced apart in accordance with the load to be sustained. The beams 1 and 2 constitute the side members of what is known as the end-bay of'a building; the beam 1 representing in this instance the outermost element directly receiving the supporting strains, andthebeam 2 being the one next inward in the series. The beams 2 and 3 form an intermediate bay, and it is in combination with a two-element system for one or more of the intermediate bay spans." That is to say, it proposes a strut, a tension-cable and a cast-matrix extending from the outermostbeam 1 to the adjacent beam 2, all in combination with-a tension cable and a castmatrix between the beams of an adjacent intermediate bay; all for the purpose of effecting a better distribution of the horizontally directed strains. 7 The preferred method of erecting this structure comprises the step (A) of inter-' posing between the beams of an end-bay, a series. of spaced strut-members forming compression elements which prevent the outer beam from being deflected inwardly by bracing it laterally against the next in nermost beam; the step (B) of laying a j I Patented Feb 8, 1916.

Application filed May 3, 1915. Serial IQ 0. 25,389. i

plurality of corrugated, roughened orpat- V means of loads sufficient to bring them under normal strains; and then the step (D) of incasing these elements and filling in the intervening spaces with a composition adapted to be cast or molded in place and capable of entering into a non-slipping union with the tension-strands to form a roof or floor. The various details of the preferred mode of carrying out this erection may now be described.

. To facilitate the carrying out of the final step (C), it is desirable at the outset to assemble a cradle or mold in underlying rela-' tion with the girders 1, 2, 3, etc. so that the composition, while liquid, may be poured into place to embed the girders and other elements and then set into hard permanent shape. This cradle mold may very conveniently be built up as shown by the drawings, by suspending a series of main joists 6 from the girders by means of joist-hangers 7 formed of steel rods or wire passing underneath the joists and over the girders as shown. A sofiit-board 8 extends transversely to and rests upon the joists 6; each soflit-board being positioned to underlie the lower flange of its respective beam and to extend parallel therewith to form the bottom surface of the composition embedding the beam. On each side of each girder is a haunch-board 9 which bears edgewise against the sofiit-b-oard so that its side extends upwardly either vertically or at an angle, to form the sides of the molded beam incasing the girder. Extending between the haunch-boards of each span, are a series of beans 10 which are for the purpose of laterally supporting the haunch-boards and upon which may be laid the sheathing boards 11, 12, etc., upon which the composition is poured. These beams 10 may in turn be suspended by cleats 13 fastened to the haunch-boards or resting upon the joists 6 as may be desired. It will be understood that this structure is a temporary scaffolding. in the nature of a mold-cradle which is assembled preparatory to casting the body portion of the floor, and this cradle is removed as soon' as the floor-filling has sufficiently set, and it also serves the purpose of forming an anchorage for drawing taut the tension cables, as will now be described.

The design of this floor construction is such that the weight is essentially carried by certain tension-members in the nature of stretched strands and, although a filling composition which takes a permanent set is used, this composition is not depended upon for weight-carrying purposes so much as for giving shape, body and stiffness to the structure as a whole. These tension-elements are formed of strands; certain or all of which are suitably secured to the outermost girder 1, preferably by means of suitable hooks attached to the upper fianges as galvanized steel wires.

shown. These strands then pass successively over the various other girders to a point of attachment to one or the other of the more remote girders of the series. These tension elements are preferably in the nature of cables composed of fairly heavy twisted This twisted form is very advantageous in that it forms a cheap and inexpensive manner of obtaining a tension-element which is corrugated or configurated in such a 'way that it will interlock with the material cast around it, thereby preventing any slipping from taking place between the tensioned cables and the filling after the latter has set. This makes greatly for a solid and secure structure with well distributed strains. These twisted wire cables 14 are spaced apart at appropriate intervals and a deflection rod 15 is then laid upon the cables at the middle point of each bay or span and this deflection rod is then drawn downwardly so as to impose more or less normal strains on the cables 1 1. A convenient and satisfactory manner of bearing down on this deflection rod is to pass a steel wire 16 around the beam 10 and to bring its upper ends around the deflection rod 15 and twist the loose ends together until a sufficient downward pull has be'en'exerted on the deflection rod 15. By this arrangement, an identical load is placed on the suspension cables at each bay and each of the intermediate girders will carry an equal downward load but, inasmuch as the ends of the strands are ultimately secured to the outermost girders, this gives rise to a tendency for the outermost girders to be deflected inwardly, but this load is also equalized and distributed by means of this invention which contemplates the utilization of a local series 'of strut elements between the girders of the end-bay and in certain instances between the girders of the adjacent bay also, but not between the girders of the intermediate bays. These local strut-members may be formed of iron-pipes 17 placed initially between the girders 1 and 2, preferably closely adjacent the upper edge margins thereof, and preferably wedged therebetween either by being cut to exact length or more conveniently by utilizing a wedge-block 18 at one end thereof which is driven in place by means of a hammer. These strut-members will be proportioned and spaced so as to carry the lateral deflecting loads imposed in the first instance on the girder 1 under the pull of the cables (which load will amount to a maximum of about 160 pounds per cable in many instances of construction) and to transmit a material proportion of the load to one or more of the adjacent intermediate girders. By combining these true compression elements with the true tension elements above noted, a well reinforced structure will be to cover the tops of the girders and after it has been set the cradle may be removed by cutting the wires 7 and 16 and trimming olf loose ends thereof. In place of plaster of Paris any other composition may be employed, although gypsum is preferred as it is the lightest and most satisfactory floor material now cheaply purchasable, and this construction is such that it is structurally available although it does not possess the strength of Portland cement. 7

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of this invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without omitting certain features that, from the standpoint of the prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention, and therefore such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalency of the following claims. v

A distinct advantage of this construction lies in the fact that although plaster of.

Paris does not possess the high compressive strength of Portland cement, nevertheless, it does have a considerable compress1ve strength which exercises a valuable function in supporting loads and which enters permanently into action in bracing the compression members 17 againstlateral deflection. Consequently the relatively thin or narrow elements will suffice by reason of the cooperation of the plaster of Paris which prevents any buckling thereof.

Having thus revealed this invention, I claim as new and desire to secure the following combinations of steps and elements, or equivalents thereof, by Letters Patent of the United States 1. A floor structure combining a plurality of girders spaced apart to form an end-bay, and a number of intermediate bays, a series of spaced compression members interposed between the girders of the end-bay and bearing against the outermost girder at or adj acent the upper flange thereof for resisting the overturning of said girder, a series of tension cables attached to the outermost girder of the end-bay and extending successively over the intermediate girders, means located at and intermediate of each bay for bearing down on the loops of said cables, and a cementitious fire resisting matrix embedding all of said elements and forming the Y body of the floor. I q

2. A floor structure combining a plurality of girders spaced apart to form an end-bay, and a number of intermediate bays, a series of spaced compression members interposed and terminating between the girders of only the end-bay, the ends of said members engaging the girders substantially at their upper flanges, a series of tension twistedwires attached to the outermost girder of the end-bay and extending successively over the intermediate girders, means located at and intermediate of each bay for bearing down on the loops of. said twisted-wires, and a matrix of plaster of Paris embedding all of 1slaid elements and forming the body of the oor.

3. A'fioor structure combining a plurality of girders spaced apart to form an end-bay and a number of intermediate bays; a series of spaced straight compression members interposed' and terminating between the girders of only the end-bay, the ends of said members being spaced away from the lower flanges of said girders; a series of tensioned twisted-wires attached to the outermost girder of the end-bay and extending successively over the'intermediate girders; means located at an intermediate point of each bay for bearing down on the loops of said twisted wires; and a matrix of plaster of Paris embedding all of said elements and forming the body of the floor.

4. A fioorstructure combining a series of girders spaced to form an end-bay and a number of intermediate bays ;"a plurality of struts spaced laterally between the girders of the end-bay and positioned closely adjacent the upper edges of said girders and wedged therebetween; a series of spaced tensioned twisted-wires secured to the upper edge of the outermost girder and extending successively over the upper edges of the intermediate girders; means applied to an intermediate point of each loop drawing said twisted-wires taut in each bay; and a matrix of plaster of Paris embedding said elements and forming the body of the floor structure.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name, as attested by the two subscribing Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissions? of Patents,

I Washington, D. C.

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