US1163697A - Machine for inserting fastenings. - Google Patents

Description

R. C. SIMMONS.

MACHINE FOR INSERTING FASTENINGS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12. 1914. 1 163 697, Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

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R. C. SIMMONS. MACHINE FOR INSERTING FASTENINGS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12. 1914.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

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MACHINE FOR INSERTING FASTENlNGSf APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12. IQH.

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RALPH C. SIMMONS, 0F BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T0 UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPANY, OF PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR INSERTING msmmnaes.

Application filed March 12, 1914.

To all whom 2'25 may concern:

Be it known that I, RALPH C. SIMMONS, a. citizen of the United States, residing at Beverly, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Inserting Fastenings, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to machines which perform successive operations upon work moved between the successive operations into different operative relations thereto, and particularly to machines which perform successive operations upon work moved past the point of operation along a path determined by the engagement of the work with a gage having a definite location with re spect to the point of operation.

The invention is herein shown as embodied in a machine for inserting fastenings which is particularly adapted for inserting fastenings in a boot or shoe or in a part to be used in themanufacture of a boot or shoe, but it will be understood that it is not intended to restrict the invention to its illustrated use.v

A general object of the invention is the provision of means for automatically feeding the work to be operated upon along a path which will bear a definite relation to some feature of the work, as, for example,

along a path which is parallel to the edge of the Work. In machines of the type herein shown, as they 'have hitherto been constructed, the work, after it has been operated upon by the inserting mechanism, is engaged and fed into position to receive the next fastening usually by means of an awl which forms a hole to receive the next fastening end, to illsure the location of the row of fastenings parallel to the edge of the work, the operator has been obliged carefully to keep the work against the edge gage during the feeding operation. This has required little attention when operating along the straight sides of the work, but when going around curves the operator has sometimes had difficulty in determining which part of the work should be pressed against the edge gage in order to maintain the parallelism of the row of fastenings to the edge of the work.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 1st, 1915.

Serial No. 824,261.

According to the present invention the Work, when it is fed, is automatically engaged at three different points which are so moved relatively to each other during the feeding operation that the work is always fed along a path substantially parallel to its edge or, at least, is brought into a position such as would result from a feeding movement of this character, whereby the fastenings, so far as is practicable with a straight line feeding movement of the feeding member, are located at substantially uniform distances from the edge of the work.

An important feature of the invention is the combination, for this purpose, of the three point control of the work with the straight line feeding movement of the feeding member.

As herein illustrated the invention comprises not only the automatic feeding of the work between the successive fastening inserting operations, but also the automatic presentation of the work into position to be operated upon both by the feeding means and by the inserting means.

Other import-ant novel features of the in vention will appear from the following description and claims when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the head of a machine having the invention embodied therein; Fig. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section, of the means for automatically presenting the work to the feeding and inserting mechanism; Fig. 3 is a perspective detail, illustrating the essential elements of the automatic work feeding mechanism and their mode of operation; Fig. 1 is a plan view of the lift carrier and its operating means.

The machine in which the invention is shown as embodied is of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent to Louis A. Casgrain, No. 1,053,479, granted February 18, 1913, and comprises among other things a standard 2 upon which is mounted a head 41- in which the principal operative elements of the machine are carried. A main driving shaft 6 is normally constantly rotated and the inserting mechanism which operates to insert and sever fastenings from a fastening strip 8 is carried in a swinging head 10 which is swung laterally to feed the work by means of connections to a cam groove 12 in the cam disk 14: at the front end of the driving shaft 6, said connections comprising a lever 16 fulcrumed at 18 and connected by a link 20 to said head 10, allas more fully described in said Letters Patent above referred to.

An awl bar 22 carrying an awl 2 1 is re ciprocated during each fastening inserting operation to force the awl into the work and to withdraw it from the work, and, while the awl is in the work, the awl bar and awl are swung laterally with the head 10 to feed the work.

Means is provided for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of the work is reached, said means comprising a finger or feeler 26 which bears upon the upper face of the work or upon the face of the work into which the fastenings are to be inserted and which, when it drops over the end of the work, controls mechanism, more fully described in United States Letters Patent No. 1,006,583, issued October '24, 1911, on the application of Louis A. Casgrain, for automatically moving the awl and the fastening strip out of operative relation to the inserting mechanism and thus stopping the insertion of fastenings, said mechanism also operating to lower the work support to permit the removal of the completed work. This mechanism comprises, among other things, a toggle 28, partly shown in Fig. 1, and a rod 30 connected to a treadle, not shown. hen the toggle 28 is in its straightened condition and the treadle is depressed, the rod 30 is raised and operates through suitable connections to control a clutch 32 upon a cross shaft, not shown, in a manner more fully described in said Letters Patent.

The machine is herein shown as adapted particularly for inserting slugs in top lifts which are to be afterward spanked upon the heels of which they are to form parts, the slugs being driven flush with the outer face of the top lift and having sharpened ends projecting through the top lift. During this slugging operation the top lift is supported upon a table 34 carried upon the upper end of a horn post 36, said table being provided with raised supporting portions 38 and 40 upon each side of the point of operation, the 'aised portion 38 being so shaped as to permit the feeding of the top lift along a path corresponding substantially with the edge, after the ends of the slugs have been projected through the top lift. An edge gage 19. determines the distances from the edge at which the slugs will be inserted.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that after a slug has been inserted and the awl has entered the work to form the awl hole to receive the nex slug and to feed the work along, if the edge of the work against the edge gage is substantially straight the operator has merely to keep the edge pressed against the edge gage 12 in order to insure the feeding of the work into proper position not only to receive the next slug but to receive the awl when it again descends after having returned to its initial position. If, however, a curved portion of the edge is approaching the inserting mechanism, it is necessary to consider the location of this portion of the edge with respect to the initial position of the awl in order to insure that the awl shall enter the work at the same distance from the edge that it did in forming the hole for the preceding slug. To insure such proper positioning of the lift or other work automatically is one of the principal objects of this invention. To this end means is provided for engaging the edge of the work at a point beyond the awl in the direction of the feeding movement and so turning the work about the awl as a pivot during the feeding operation that the edge of that part of the work upon which the awl is next to operate will always be maintained against the edge gage and thus in proper location to receive the awl.

The illustrated means comprises a pusher n which is arranged to slide in a support 46 for the gage, which corresponds to the support 354: of the Letters Patent above referred to. This pusher as is arranged to be moved forward to engage the edge of the lift or other work and turn it about the awl 24L as a pivot, as the work is fed or at the end of the feeding movement, so that the edge of the work upon the side of the awl opposite to that upon which the pusher a4. is located will be pushed up against the edge gage 42.

The means for effecting the movement of the pusher 4& comprises a bell-crank lever fulcrumed at 48 upon a bracket 50 carried by the support as, one arm 52 of the bellcrank lever being forked at its end and receiving between the fork members a depending pin or stud 54 upon the under side of the pusher slide. The other arm 56 of the bell crank has a flat face 58 engaged by a spring-pressed plunger 60 carried in a socket 6:2 upon an arm 64: attached to the swinging head 10 at the point upon said head where one of the cutter carriers described in said Letters Patent is pivoted. As the head 10 swings to feed-the work the plunger 60 hearing against the face 58 of the arm 56 of the bell-crank lever rocks said bell crank to move the pusher 4% forward to effect the turning of the work as it is fed or at the end of the feeding movement.

The plunger 60 has a shoulder 66 against which bears a spring 68 confined in the socket 62, the other end of said spring hearing against the end of said socket. The

plunger 60 is extended through a hole in said end of the socket and this extended end is threaded to receive an adjusting nut and a lock nut 72 by which the projection of the plunger beyond the socket may be varied and thus both the timing and the amount of the movement of the pusher 44 may also be varied.

The lifts to be fed are preferably carried in a holder 74 in which they are stacked, and means is preferably provided for automatically taking a lift from the holder 74 and delivering it into position to be sluggecl after the preceding lift has been slugged.

As hereinabove suggested, the machine Comprises means for automatically stopping the insertion of the slugs when the machine reaches a certain point upon the work, and the lift delivering means is preferably so connected to this means that as the insertion of slugs in one lift is automatically stopped the lift delivering mechanism will be actuated and a lift will be automatically delivered into position to be operated upon. The lift delivering mechanism is herein shown as carried by a bracket 7 6 which comprises a section 78 that may be interposed between the standard 2 and the head 4 of the machine. The lift carrier proper comprises an arm 80 arranged to turn about the section 78, said arm comprising a two-part hub 82 confined between flanges 84 and 86 upon said section 78. At its outer end the arm 80 is provided with a lift support 88 adapted to be brought beneath the holder 74, a plate 90 upon said lift support being so located that it comes behind the bottommost lift in the stack in said holder 74 and removes said lift from said stack as the arm 80 is moved from lift receiving position into lift delivering position. The plate 90, as shown in Fig. 4, is so extended that there is always a portion of this plate below the stack in the holder 74 during the lift delivering operation. The lift to be delivered is kept upon the lift support by a springpressed finger 92 that presses against the outer edge of the lift, the inner edge of the lift being pressed against a lateral guide 94 from which extends a horizontal support 96, said guide and support being curved to the arc of travel of the arm 80.

To provide for adjustment of the lift delivering mechanism to lifts of different thicknesses, the holder 74 is carried upon a slide 98 guided in a vertical guideway 100. An adjusting screw 102 in a bracket 104 at the lower end of said guideway bears against the lower end of the slide 98 and supports said slide in different adjusted relations to the lift support 88 and the plate 90.

The lift carrier is moved automatically by connections to the main shaft of the machine, said connections comprising an arm 1 06 upon the hub 82 and a link 108 connecting said arm 106 to one arm of a lever 110 fulcrumed at 112 upon the bracket '76, the other arm of said lever carrying a cam roll 114 bearing against an edge cam 116 upon a vertical shaft 118 which carries at its upper end a worm wheel 120 driven from a worm 122 formed upon a sleeve 124 surrounding a horizontal shaft 126. The shaft 126 is driven constantly by connections to the cam disk 14 at the front end of the main shaft 6, said connections comprising a belt 128 confined in a groove in the edge of the cam disk 14 and also in the peripheral groove of a pulley 130 at the front end of the shaft 126. The worm 122 is arranged to be clutched to the shaft 126 to cause the worm wheel 120 and parts connected therewith to be driven from the main driving shaft, the illustrated clutch comprising a pin-carrying clutch member 132 having a hub 134 surrounding the sleeve 124 and arranged to slide longitudinally of said sleeve, said sleeve being connected to said hub to turn therewith by means of a key 136. A second pin-carrying clutch member 138 has a hub 140 attached to the shaft 126 to turn therewith and when the clutch member 132 is moved toward the clutch member 138 by the action of a spring 142 surrounding the hub 134 and bearing against a flange 146, the pin 148 on the clutch member 132 is brought into the path of the pin 150 on the clutch member 138 and the worm 122 is caused to turn with the shaft 126. The spring142 tends to maintain the clutch in operative condition.

The means for unclutching the worm from the shaft 126 comprises a cam-shaped clutch controlling arm 152 pivoted at 1534 upon a part of the bracket 76, said arm cooperating with a pin 156 upon the periphery of the clutch member 132 and comprising a hook 15'. adapted to be brought into the path. of the pin 156 to effect a positive stopping of the worm 122 and its connected parts as the clutch member 132 is moved out of clutching relation to the clutch member 138. The clutch controlling arm is moved into unclutehing position by a movement toward the left in Fig. 2, and is moved into a position in which it permits the clutching of the two clutch members by a movement toward the right. A spring 158 connected at one end to the arm 152 and at its other end to a pm 159 upon the bracket 76 tends normally to maintain said arm in its unclutching position. v

To effect the movement of the clutch controlling arm 152 into clutch actuating position, said arm is connected to a vertical rockshaft 160 by means of a link 162 connected at one end to a lug 164 upon said arm and at its other end to an arm 166 upon said rock-shaft. The means for rocking said rock-shaft 160 in a direction to move said clutch controlling arm 152 into its clutch actuating position comprises a second arm 168 upon said rock-shaft 160 which projects into the path of an element of the means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings. Only so much of this means is shown in Fig. 2 as is necessary for an understanding of the operation of the mechanism constituting the subject-matter of this invention, this means being fully shown in Fig. 2 of United States Letters Patent to Louis A. Casgrain, No. 1,006,533, dated Oc tober 24, 1911. For convenience in identifying the portions of the elements shown in Fig. 2 of the present disclosure with the elements shown in Fig. 2 of said Letters Patent, the same reference characters are attached to these elements.

Vhen the finger or feeler 26 herein shown, which corresponds to the finger or feeler 450 of said Letters Patent, passes over the end of the work, it permits the forward movement of a slide 460 under the action of a spring 464, this movement of the slide causing the turning of one arm 394 of the bell-crank lever, the other arm of which breaks the toggle hereinabove referred to to cause the stopping of the insertion of fastenings. This movement of the slide 460 in the present construction also turns the rock-shaft 160 by the engagement of said slide 460 with the arm 168 upon said rock-shaft, and thus permits the clutch members to come into clutching engagement to cause the worm and connected parts to be driven by the shaft 126. As the insertion of fastenings is stopped, a member 362, having at its lower end lugs 364 and 366 embracing the slide 460 in front of the upturned end 462 of said slide, is drawn back by the means which withdraws the awl from operative position and the slide 460 is thus drawn back to permit the toggle to be straightened as the operator releases the treadle. This movement of the slide 460 also permits the arm 152 to be moved back into its initial position by the spring 158 when the lift delivering mechanism has completed its lift delivering operation.

, To prevent the unclutching of the worm 122 from the shaft 126 before the lift delivering mechanism has completed its lift delivering operation, the arm 152 is locked in its clutch actuating position by means of a pawl 170 pivoted at 172 upon a part of the bracket 7 6, this pawl engaging under a shoulder or tooth 174 upon the hub of the arm 152. The pawl 170 is extended upon the other side of the pivot 172 to form a nose 176 which is arranged to be engaged by a tooth 178 upon an adjustable block 180 carried upon an arm 182 clamped upon the shaft 118. hen the shaft 118 completes its rotation, the tooth 178 engages the nose 176 and tips the pawl out of locking relation to the shoulder 17 4, thereby permitting the spring 158 to return thearm 152 to its unclutching position.

The machine is preferably so constructed and arranged that when a lift has been delivered into position to be operated upon the fastening inserting mechanism may be automatically rendered operative to insert fastenings and the worksupport 36 will be brought into clamping relation to the lift.

T 0 this end the machine is provided at the front with a lever 184 fulcrumed at 186 upon the front of the section 7 8, said lever being connected at one end by a link 188 and clamp 190 to the treadle rod 80. At its other end the lever 184 carries a cam roll 192 located in the path of a tappet cam 194 upon the hub 196 of the cam disk 116. This tappet cam 194 is adapted, to depress the end of the lever 184 remote fom the end connected to the treadle rod 30 to raise said treadle rod and start the insertion of fastenings when the lift to be operated upon has been delivered by the lift delivering mechanism.

Means is provided for locking the lever 184 in its actuating position, said means comprising a spring-pressed slide or catch 198 upon the front of the machine, said catch being projected normally over a cooperating catch 200 upon said lever. WVhen the arm 168 of the rockshaft 160 isv rocked by the slide 460 as the insertion of fastenings is automatically stopped and the work support is dropped into work releasing position, the catch or slide 198 is moved out of cooperative relation to the catch 200 in order to permit the treadle rod 30 to drop into toggle straightening position.

The means for effecting the movement of the slide or catch 198 out of operative relation to the catch 200 comprises an arm 202 upon the lower end of the rock-shaft 160, said arm carrying atits outer end a pawl 204 adapted to engage a'notch 206in the slide 198. As the arm 202 is turned by the action of the arm 168 on the rock-shaft 160 the pawl 204, which is normally in the notch 206, pushes the slide 198 back out of engagement With the catch 200 and as it passes a certain point in its path of movement the-pawl rocks out of the notch 206, thereby permitting the slide 198 to come forward when the lever 184 is moved by the action of the tappet cam 194 upon the cam roll 192 to bring the catch 2001 again below the catch 198. A spring 208 connected at one end to a pin 210 on the bracket 76 and at its other end to the lever 110 tends to keep the cam roll 114 normally pressed against the cam 116 whereby the lift carrier is moved yieldingly' into lift delivering position and positively out of lift delivering position. It will be noted that the lift support 88 is so spaced from the lateral lift guide that it passes in front of the supporting table 34 so that said table may be raised into lift clamping position before the lift carrier is returned toward lift receiving position.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. Work feeding and guiding means comprising a feeding member arranged to engage a face of the work to be fed, two edge engaging members, and means for causing one of said ed -e engaging members to press upon the edge of the work when the work is fed in such manner that it tends to rock the work about the feeding member to insure the contact of the edge of the work with the other edge engaging member.

2. Work feeding and guiding means comprising a feeding member arranged to engage a face of the work, two edge engaging members spaced along the edge of the work during the feeding operation upon opposite sides of the feeding member, and means for automatically efi'ecting a relative adjustment of said edge engaging members to insure the contact of both members with the edge of the work at the end of the work feeding operation.

3. Work feeding and guiding means comprising a feeding member arranged to engage a face of the work and to move along a definite path as it feeds the work, an edge engaging member for determining the point at which the feeding member engages the face of the work, a second edge engaging member arranged to engage the edge of the work at a point along the line of feed with respect to the first edge engaging member, and means for effecting during the work feeding operation a relative movement of said edge engaging members to insure the engagement of both members with the edge of the work at the end of said work feedin operation.

A machine of the class described havin in combination, means for operating upon work, work feeding means arranged to engage the work directly, gage arranged to engage the edge of the work to locate said work with respect to said operating means, and means operating during the feeding operation for bringing pressure to bear directly upon the work at a third point in such manner as to insure the engagement of the work not only with said feeding means but also with said gage at the end of the feeding operation.

5. In a machine for inserting fastenings, an awl, means for operating said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and then to feed the work into fastening receiving position, a gage for determining the point upon the work at which the awl shall enter the work, and means for rocking the work about the awl when the awl has passed the gage in its work feeding movement.

g H Q 6. In a machine for inserting fastenings, an awl, means to operate said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and then to feed the work into fastening receiving position, an edge gage for determining the point upon the work at which the awl enters the work, and other means arranged to engage the edge of the work at a point upon the work beyond the awl and tending to turn the work about the awl to insure tl e engagement of the work with the edge gage at the end of the feeding operation.

7. In a machine for inserting fastenings in the bottoms of boots or shoes, an awl, and means for operating said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and to feed the work into fastening receiving position, an edge gage for determining the point at which the awl shall enter the work, and means operating during the feeding operation to bring yielding pressure to bear upon the edge of the work at another point so located with respect to said gage as to insure the contact of the edge of the work with said gage at the end of the feeding operation.

8. In a machine for inserting fastenings, an awl, an edge gage, means for operating said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and then to feed the work into fastening receiving position and a yielding pusher operating to engage the edge of the work at a point along the line of feed and to rock said work about the awl and press it yieldingly against said gage.

9. In a machine for inserting fastenings, an awl, means for operating said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and then to feed the work into fastening receiving position, a gage for determining the point upon the work at which the awl shall enter the work, and means controlled in its operative movement by the work feeding movement of the awl for engaging the edge of the work at an another point and turning the work about said awl to insure the engagement of the Work with the edge gage at the end of the feed ing movement.

10. A machine for inserting fastenings in boots and shoes, comprising, in combination, fastening inserting means, means for automatically feeding a piece of work past said inserting means between the successive inserting operations, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of the work is reached, and means for then automatically presenting another piece of work in position to be operated upon by said feeding means and said inserting means.

11. A machine of the class described, having, in combination, fastening inserting means, work feeding means, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of the work is reached, and means actuated by said last mentioned means for automatically presenting another piece of work in position to be operated upon by said feeding means and said inserting means.

12. A machine of the class described, having, in combination, fastening inserting means, work feeding means, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of the work is reached, means actuated by said last mentioned means for presenting another piece of work in position to be operated upon, and means for automatically actuating the fastening inserting means and work feeding means when the succeeding piece of work has been presented.

18. A machine of the class described, comprising, in combination, fastening inserting mechanism, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the required number of fastenings in one piece of work have been inserted, means controlled by the stopping of the insertion offastenings for presenting another piece of work in position to receive fastenings inserted by said inserting mechanism, and means for automatically actuating said inserting mechanism after said piece of Work has been presented.

14. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, fastening inserting means, work feeding means, means for holding a supply of pieces of work, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the required number of fastenings in one piece of work have been inserted, means operating automatically to take a piece of work from said source of supply and to present it in position to be operated upon by said fastening inserting means and said work feeding means, and

means for automatically actuating said fastening inserting means and said work feeding means when the work has been presented.

15. A machine of the class described having, in combination, fastening inserting means, means for automatically feeding and guiding a piece of work past said inserting means, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of they work is reached, a source of work supply, means actuated by said stopping means for taking a piece of work from said work supply and presenting it into position to be operated upon by said inserting mechanism and said feeding mechanism, and means whereby said inserting mechanism and said feeding mechanism are automatically actuated as said presenting means moves out of 1ts work presentlng positlon.

16. In a machine for inserting fastenings, fastening inserting mechanism, an awl, means for operating said awl to cause it to form a fastening receiving opening in the work and then to feed the work into fastening receiving position, a gage for determining the point upon the work at which the awl shall enter the work, means for rocking the work about the awl when the awl has passed the gage in its work feeding movement, and means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings when the end of the work is reached.

17. In a machine of the class described, fastening inserting mechanism, work feeding means, a work support for supporting the Work during the fastening. inserting op eration and over which the work feeding means moves the work, means for automatically stopping the insertionof fastenings when the end of the work is reached and for moving the work support into work receiving position, means for automatically presenting another piece of work, and means operating automatically When the new piece of work has been presented for moving said Work support into work supporting position and for actuating said inserting mechanism.

18. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, means for inserting fastenings in the top lifts of boots or shoes, means for automatically feeding and guiding the work to cause the fastenings to be inserted in a row parallel to the edge of the additional pieces of work, and means for carrying a piece of work from said work holder into position to be operated upon when the insertion of fastenings in the preceding piece of work has been completed.

20. A machine for inserting fastenings in top lifts comprising, in combination, fastening inserting mechanism, means for automatically guiding and feeding a lift to cause fastenings to be inserted in a row parallel to the edge, a magazine for holding a stack of lifts, a lift support movable between a receiving position and a supporting position, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings and for moving said lift support into receiving position when the required number of fastenings in one lift have been inserted, and means for automatically taking a lift from said magazine and presenting it in position over said lift support when said lift support is in work receiving position.

21. A machine for inserting fastenings in top lifts comprising, in combination, fastening inserting mechanism, means for automatically guiding and feeding a lift to cause fastenings to be inserted in a row parallel to the edge, a magazine for holding a stack of lifts, a lift support movable between a receiving position and a supporting position, means for automatically stopping the insertion of fastenings and for moving said lift support into receiving position when the required number of fastenings in one lift have been inserted, means for automatically taking a lift from said magazine and pre senting it in position over said lift support when said lift support is in work receiving position, and means for automatically causing said lift support to move again into lift supporting position and for actuating said inserting mechanism.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RALPH O. SIMMONS.

Witnesses:

LILLIAN B. DUPEE, CHESTER E. RoGERs.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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