US1155317A - Method of applying protective coatings to metallic articles. - Google Patents
Method of applying protective coatings to metallic articles. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1155317A US1155317A US84148414A US1914841484A US1155317A US 1155317 A US1155317 A US 1155317A US 84148414 A US84148414 A US 84148414A US 1914841484 A US1914841484 A US 1914841484A US 1155317 A US1155317 A US 1155317A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- bath
- iron
- articles
- metallic articles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000036435 Zincins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007139 Zincins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- Our invention relates to methods of applying protective coatings to metallic ar-' ticles, and consists in introducing the articles to be coated into a bath containing lead and zinc, or lead, tin and zinc in such proportions that when they are alloyed they are electro-positive to iron in an electrolyte, such as tap water, salt solutions or common conducting solutions other than nitrates, and in maintaining a suitable protective flux upon the bath.
- an electrolyte such as tap water, salt solutions or common conducting solutions other than nitrates
- Our invention also consists in maintaining the bath at a temperature lower than the melting point of zinc and in the periodic addition of zinc which will be taken up by the bath so as to maintain constant the proportion of zinc in the alloy.
- the article to be coated such as an articles of iron or steel
- cleanse it in a suitable bath preferably using the usual sulfuric acid pickle, and, after washing the article, putting it through a bath composed of muriatic acid and sal-ammoniac, or zinc chlorid, or both, and water, such as is ordinarily used in a galvanizing process, the
- the article immediately picks up small percentages of zinc, and the zinc forms on the surface of the iron a zinc-iron alloy, to
- the composition of the bath will adhere.
- the article As soon as the article has reached approximately the temperature of the molten bath, which is preferably between 650 and 7 F, the article is withdrawn from the molten bath, and then is kept in motion until the coating has set, so as to prevent the coating from depositing unevenly.
- the bath is preferably of the following composition: Lead 94.45, zinc 1.81, tin 3.74:,
- the zinc vaporizes readily, and also, in addition to being taken up with the other ingredients to form the coating on the article, it combines with the iron of the articleto form a zinc-iron alloy and it also is taken up by the flux, so the bath becomes. depleted of its zlnc, unless special steps are taken to prevent this. great importance to keep the quantities of zinc in the bath uniform, and, to this end, We add small quantities of zinc at frequent intervals, to keep up the necessary: percentage, of this metal in the alloy, preferably near to Patented Sept. 28, 1915. 4
- the zinc is preferably added in a molten state, to facilitate. the ease with which it is dissolved in the bath," and it is added and maintained in slight excess eof the amount desired to alloy with the other metal in the bath; thus the zinc collects around the edge of the pot and is automatically taken up by the bath asthe proportion of zinc in the alloy becomes depleted, and
- the presence or absence of the free zinc serves as an 1nd1cat1on to the workman as to Whether or not the 'alloy contains the de-
- the zinc in a molten state we are enabled to maintain. the bath at a temperature below the melting point of zinc, which results not only in saving the cost of fuel, but in a saving in the zinc, since the zinc, if maintained at such-lower temperature, does not vaporize cooling and in the production of a more uniform coating.
- lead, tin and zinc are added in the usual proportions.
- the alloy forms a smooth and uniform coat- 'ing, which can be readily applied topipes,
- the said bath containing mainly lead, but having alloyed wlth it enough zinc to render the coating obtained from said bath electro-positive to iron but not in excess of 3%- of zinc.
- the herein described process of apply-- ing protective coatings to metallic articles which consists 1n introducing the metallic articles to be coated into a bath of lead con- 1 taining zinc heated to between 650 to 7 60 F., and adding more zinc periodically so as to maintain the proportion of zinc in the alloy at a point below 3% but above an amount necessary to render the coating formed from the bath electro-positive to iron. 4.
- the herein described process of applying protective coatings to metallic articles which consists in introducing metallic articles into a lead bath containing tin and zinc, covered with a fluX of sal-ammoniac, said flux containing zinc and iron salts, the bath forming upon the surface of thearticles a zinc-iron alloy, and forming upon the zinciron alloy, an alloy of lead, tin and zinc.
Description
CLARENCE MARK, 0F EVANSTON, AND CLAYTON MARK, JR., OFIIIAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS,
ASSIGNORS TO CLAYTON MARK, OF LAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS:
METHOD OF APPLYING PROTECTIVE COATINGS TO METALLIC ARTICLES.
1N0 Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, CLARENGE MARK, .residin at Evanston, in the county of Cook and gtate of Illinois, and CLAYTON "MARK, J r., residing at Lake Forest, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, citizens of the United States, have jointly invented a new and Improved Method of Applying Protective Coatings to'Metallic Articles, of which the following is a specification.
Our invention relates to methods of applying protective coatings to metallic ar-' ticles, and consists in introducing the articles to be coated into a bath containing lead and zinc, or lead, tin and zinc in such proportions that when they are alloyed they are electro-positive to iron in an electrolyte, such as tap water, salt solutions or common conducting solutions other than nitrates, and in maintaining a suitable protective flux upon the bath.
Our invention also consists in maintaining the bath at a temperature lower than the melting point of zinc and in the periodic addition of zinc which will be taken up by the bath so as to maintain constant the proportion of zinc in the alloy.
A typical example of carrying out our process is as follows:
We take the article to be coated, such as an articles of iron or steel, and cleanse it in a suitable bath, preferably using the usual sulfuric acid pickle, and, after washing the article, putting it through a bath composed of muriatic acid and sal-ammoniac, or zinc chlorid, or both, and water, such as is ordinarily used in a galvanizing process, the
article is then passed through molten bath of lead, tin and zinc covered with a salammoniac flux, in which flux ispresent zinc and iron in small percentages. By reason of the great afiinity of the zinc for iron or steel,
the article immediately picks up small percentages of zinc, and the zinc forms on the surface of the iron a zinc-iron alloy, to
which the composition of the bath will adhere. As soon as the article has reached approximately the temperature of the molten bath, which is preferably between 650 and 7 F, the article is withdrawn from the molten bath, and then is kept in motion until the coating has set, so as to prevent the coating from depositing unevenly.
The bath,is preferably of the following composition: Lead 94.45, zinc 1.81, tin 3.74:,
Specification of Letters Patent.
sired proportion of zinc.
tures between 650 and 760 F. are used.
When the temperature is increased more zlnc may be added, orwhen the percentage of tin is increased the higher is the percentage of zinc which is necessary to saturate the bath.
The zinc vaporizes readily, and also, in addition to being taken up with the other ingredients to form the coating on the article, it combines with the iron of the articleto form a zinc-iron alloy and it also is taken up by the flux, so the bath becomes. depleted of its zlnc, unless special steps are taken to prevent this. great importance to keep the quantities of zinc in the bath uniform, and, to this end, We add small quantities of zinc at frequent intervals, to keep up the necessary: percentage, of this metal in the alloy, preferably near to Patented Sept. 28, 1915. 4
Application filed May as, 1914. Serial No. 841,484.
We have found that it is of saturation. The zinc is preferably added in a molten state, to facilitate. the ease with which it is dissolved in the bath," and it is added and maintained in slight excess eof the amount desired to alloy with the other metal in the bath; thus the zinc collects around the edge of the pot and is automatically taken up by the bath asthe proportion of zinc in the alloy becomes depleted, and
the presence or absence of the free zinc serves as an 1nd1cat1on to the workman as to Whether or not the 'alloy contains the de- By introducing the zinc in a molten state we are enabled to maintain. the bath at a temperature below the melting point of zinc, which results not only in saving the cost of fuel, but in a saving in the zinc, since the zinc, if maintained at such-lower temperature, does not vaporize cooling and in the production of a more uniform coating. To replenish the volume of the bath, lead, tin and zinc are added in the usual proportions.
Analysis and examination of an article coated with the coating described above has shown the coating to consist of an underlying layer of'a zinc'iron alloy, which is cove .as readily as it would at a higher. tempera ture. This also results in a saving of time in cried and combined with an alloy of lead,
tin and zinc, which forms the exterior coat- The alloy forms a smooth and uniform coat- 'ing, which can be readily applied topipes,
sheeting and similar articles, and it has been found to be very valuable in protecting iron castings, especially those which are malleableized. This coating, by reason of being applied to the articles at a low temperature, will not change the condition of the carbon content due to the article having been malleableized.
It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the process which we have described and claim herein, without departing from our'invention.
t is to be understood that in our co-pending applications, Serial No. 760,903, filed .April 14, 1913, and Serial No. 43,528, filed August 4, 1915, We have described and claimed articles'coated by the process described herein. 7
What we claim is:
1. The herein described process of applying protective coatings to metallic articles, 'which consists in introducing the article to' be coated into a molten bath consisting of lead, with small percentages of tin and zinc, the zinc being present substantially, up to the point of saturation of the bath,the molten .metal being covered by a flux of salammoniac containing iron and zinc salts.
2. The herein described process of apply-' I ing a protective coating to iron and steel articles, which consists in introducing metallic articles into a bath, the temperature of which is between 650 and 760 F. and
being protected by a flux of sal-ammoniac containing iron and zinc salts, the said bath containing mainly lead, but having alloyed wlth it enough zinc to render the coating obtained from said bath electro-positive to iron but not in excess of 3%- of zinc.
3. The herein described process of apply-- ing protective coatings to metallic articles, which consists 1n introducing the metallic articles to be coated into a bath of lead con- 1 taining zinc heated to between 650 to 7 60 F., and adding more zinc periodically so as to maintain the proportion of zinc in the alloy at a point below 3% but above an amount necessary to render the coating formed from the bath electro-positive to iron. 4. The herein described process of applying protective coatings to metallic articles, which consists in introducing metallic articles into a lead bath containing tin and zinc, covered with a fluX of sal-ammoniac, said flux containing zinc and iron salts, the bath forming upon the surface of thearticles a zinc-iron alloy, and forming upon the zinciron alloy, an alloy of lead, tin and zinc.
5. The herein described process of applying a protective coating'to metallic articles, which -consists in introducing metallic articles into a bath containing lead and zinc substantially up to the saturation point, and periodically adding zinc in such proportions as will maintain the zinc content at a uniform percentage in the bath at temperatures less than the melting point of zinc.
6. Process of coating iron articles, consisting in immersing them in a lead bath maintained at a temperature between 650 and 760 F., said lead bath containing'tin under 7.5% and zinc substantially up to the point of saturation of thebath at the operating temperature, the maintenance of this zinc content being provided by the periodical addition of zincin such quantity that a por-' tion of it floats upon the surface and thus furnishes an indication'as to the condition of the bath.-
7. The herein described process of applying a protective coating to metallic articles,
which consists in introducing articles into a bath containing lead and zinc substantially up to thesaturation point, and periodically adding zinc in such proportions as Wlll maintain the zinc content at a uniform percentage in the bath. CLARENCE MARK.
CLAYTON MARK, JR. 1
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84148414A US1155317A (en) | 1914-05-28 | 1914-05-28 | Method of applying protective coatings to metallic articles. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84148414A US1155317A (en) | 1914-05-28 | 1914-05-28 | Method of applying protective coatings to metallic articles. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1155317A true US1155317A (en) | 1915-09-28 |
Family
ID=3223379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84148414A Expired - Lifetime US1155317A (en) | 1914-05-28 | 1914-05-28 | Method of applying protective coatings to metallic articles. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1155317A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2446996A (en) * | 1942-06-06 | 1948-08-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Metal objects coated with lead alloys |
| US2501262A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1950-03-21 | American Steel & Wire Co | Method of applying a molten zinc coating to a ferrous article |
| US2512455A (en) * | 1945-12-31 | 1950-06-20 | Metal Hydrides Inc | Copper-titanium coating and bonding process |
| US2598756A (en) * | 1947-02-08 | 1952-06-03 | Jr Frederick C Brightly | Galvanized muffler with concavoconvex baffles |
| US2690005A (en) * | 1951-12-24 | 1954-09-28 | American Can Co | Method of and apparatus for soldering articles with tinless solder sustained with zinc bar |
| US2876132A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1959-03-03 | Gen Motors Corp | Process of coating steel tubing |
| US3044156A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1962-07-17 | Marshall G Whitfield | Temperature resistant body |
-
1914
- 1914-05-28 US US84148414A patent/US1155317A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2446996A (en) * | 1942-06-06 | 1948-08-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Metal objects coated with lead alloys |
| US2512455A (en) * | 1945-12-31 | 1950-06-20 | Metal Hydrides Inc | Copper-titanium coating and bonding process |
| US2598756A (en) * | 1947-02-08 | 1952-06-03 | Jr Frederick C Brightly | Galvanized muffler with concavoconvex baffles |
| US2501262A (en) * | 1947-03-13 | 1950-03-21 | American Steel & Wire Co | Method of applying a molten zinc coating to a ferrous article |
| US2690005A (en) * | 1951-12-24 | 1954-09-28 | American Can Co | Method of and apparatus for soldering articles with tinless solder sustained with zinc bar |
| US2876132A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1959-03-03 | Gen Motors Corp | Process of coating steel tubing |
| US3044156A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1962-07-17 | Marshall G Whitfield | Temperature resistant body |
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