US1152421A - Steam-boiler. - Google Patents

Description

T. A. KILLIVIAN.

STEAM BOM-ER.

APPLICATION FILEDJULY 2|. 1913.v

2 SHEETS- SHEET l.

LAEL

T. A. KILLMAN.

STEAM BOILER.

APPucATloM msn luLv 2l. 19:3.

yPatented Sept. 7, 1915. l

2 skins-SHEET 2.

THOMAS A. KILLMAN, 0F NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR 0F TWENTY-Sm AND ONE-FOURTH ONE-HUNDREDTHS T0 WILLIAMv L. IDANLEY, 0F NASHVILLE, TEN- NESSEE, ONE-TENTH ONE-HUNDREDTH T0 EDWARD H. ROY, OFJIULLAHOMA, TEN- NESSEE, AND EIGHTEEN AND THREEFOURTHS ONE-HUNDREDTHS T0 THOMAS TAYLOR, OF NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.

STEAM-BOILER. y

To H w71 om it may concern.'

Be it known that'l, THoMs A. KILLMAN, citizen of the United States, residing at Nashville. in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Boilers, 0f which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to steam boilers and the primary object of my invention is to provide means whereby the otherwise waste products of combustion from the boiler furnace may be utilized to preheat the feed water of the boiler.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a boiler and preheater so constructed that all the heat from the ordinary waste products of combustion will be absorbed in the preheater so that the products of combustion will pass off in a cool condition and thus the usual waste of heat units nearly eliminated.

A further object of the invention is the provisionof a boiler and Vpreheater so constructed that a comparatively small amount of water is passing through the boiler proper at anv one time7 the preheater, however, having a larger cubical content so that'the comparatively large amount of water in the preheater shall be submitted to the action of the waste products of combustion.

A'further object of the invention iS to provide means whereby the products of combustion coming from the boiler furnace may be positively directed through the tubes of vthe preheater and from this carried off and pass oii'` through the Hue, or may be diverted directly to the flue.

- A rfurther object of the invention is the.

provision of means whereby exhaust steam may be used to cause a forced draft of the products of combustion through the pre- ,Apfurther object of the invention is to so construct the preheater and arrange it in relation to the boiler .that the temperature Specification of Letters Patent.

` drical shell.

ratentea sepaaiai.

applicati@ filed July 21, 191s.\ serial No. 780,306.

' of the water as it rises through the preheater will be gradually raised and the water in the upper portion of the tubes of the preheater be heated before passing to the boiler proper.

Further objects will appear in the course of the following description.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through my improved flue on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the v boiler, the stack or flue 13 being in section. Fig. 3' is a section on the line 3-8 of Fig. 1. Referring to these drawings 2 designates a boiler casing of any suitable construction but illustrated as a vertically disposed cylin- The lower portion of 'this casing 2 forms an ash pit designated 8 into which a door 4 opens, and above the ash pit is disposed the grate 5 upon which thefre is supported, a door 6 opening into the fire box so formed. Immediately abo-Ve the fire box is the boiler proper, consisting of a circumferential casing wall 7 and upper and lower flue sheets, and a plurality of vertical flues or tubes 8 extend through the boiler space and open through the upper and lower sheets. The heated products of combustion pass from the fire box through these tubes and are discharged into the chamber 9 which forms the upper end of the shell 2.

Disposed adjacent to the shell 2 is the preheater or absorber. This comprises a shell 10 illustrated as cylindrical and vertically disposed, this shell at its upper end being generally conical in form as at 11 and from the upper end of this conical head l1 extends a duct 12 which opens into the chamber 9. The lower end of the shell 10 which forms the absorber or preheater yis connected to a flue or chimney 1 3 of any 'suitable character.

Disposed within the shell 10 is acasi'ng 14: having a circumferential wall and upper and lower walls. Extending between these upper and lower walls and opening upon the outer face thereof are the tubes or lues 15 arranged like tubes in a water tube boiler. r1`he space within the casing 14 is to be filled with water designed to be preheated while the heated-products of combustion passing through theduct 12 pass down through the head 11, through the tubes 15 and into the` duct extends between the upper portion of the casing 14 and the bottom 7 of the boiler proper. Thus the water contained within the absorber or preheater passes out through the pipe or duct 17 into the lower portion of the boiler and is there submitted to the direct action of the iire in the fire box and the action of the heated products of combustion passing through the tubes 8.

The Hue or duct 12 is 'also connectedvdirectly to the Hue 13 by means of a translversely extending Hue or pipe 18 as illustrated in Fig. 2 and disposed within this 'Hue or bypass is a valve 19 illustrated'as a butterfly valve,v this valve being provided with a stem which is provided with a handle 20 exteriorly of the Hue whereby it may be manipulated. p

For the purpose of causing a forced draft in the duct or Hue 12, thereby causing the positive carriage of the heated products of combustion from the chamber 9 into the head 11 and so downward through the tubes of the preheater or absorber, I provide an exhaust steam pipe 21, which extends to th'e engine and which is adapted to carryfthe exhaust from the-engine into the Hue 1 2. It will be seen that the exhaust steam dlscharged through the pipe 21 into the Hue 12 will create a suction in this Hue 12 which will cause the heated gases in the chamber 9 to'be positively drawn along the Hue 12 and discharged in the head 11. In other words, this exhaust pipe will cause a clrculation of these heated gases.

A steam pipe 22 'extends from the upper portion of the boiler casing to the engine.

It is to be particularly noted that the boiler proper is a comparatively small upright tubular boiler and that the absorber or preheater l10 is locatedlso that its upper end is about on a level with the lower end of the boiler proper. Cold water is pumped i into the water supply pipe 16 until the abthese tubes will be absorbed by the water and the gases will eventually passsbut 1nce through the tubes practically cool. the heated gasescome in contact with the upper end of the absorber 10 iirst and since the heat of these gases is gradually absorbed as'they pass down throu h the tubes, the water in the upper part of t e preheater or absorber will always be hotter than in the lower portion and sincev heated water tends to rise owing to expansion and also specific gravity and owing -to the fact that water is a very bad conductor of heat, this condition of graduated temperature from the top to the bottom of the absorber or preheater will always be maintained. In other words, water vcan be at boiling point in the top of the absorber while the water is practically cold in the bottom of the absorber. Only the hottest water in the absorber will be supplied to the lboiler'and as the hot water is fed `from the top of the absorber or preheater the colder water below rises to take its place andis in turn heated by the descending heated gases.

1t is to be particularly noticed that the boiler is smaller than the absorber or preheater. The reason for this is that it 1s a waste of fuel to maintain a large How of water at the steaming point or boiling point, when there is only a comparatively small amount of this water to be converted into steam and used at any one time. It is better to maintain a comparatively small amount of water at the intensely heated steamingpoint by having the heat applied directly to'it and then have a supply of slightly cooler water but still very hot, from which the boiler may be fed as required. As with my invention this extra supply of hot water is furnished by the otherwise wasted y hot gases, a great saving of fuel is effected the lower wall of the casing 14 forms a' chamber for catching the water of condensation. Water of condensation will gather in this chamber 23 to a predetermined level and it will be noted that the tubes 15 of the preheater and absorber project down below the lower wall of the casing 14 so that the lower ends of the tubes are immersed to a slight degree in this water of condensation. A drain pipe 24 is provided whereb the height of this water may be regulate and the shell l10 is provided with a hand-hole 25 whereby access may be had to the interior of the chamber 23 so as to clean it out The objectof providing this water seal in the chamber 23 is as follows: The highly heated vapor passing over from the boiler furnace and'down through the shell 10 and tubes 15 will be condensed and this condensation will be caught in the chamber 23. I have found 1:

by experience that this water of condensation will hold suspended in it almost all of the particles of carbon which may have passed over from the furnace and that whatever waste products pass up through the stack or chimney 13 will be almost entirely downa slight distance into the water of con-y densation. This causes the products of combustion to be forced to a slight extent through the water which will catch and hold any carbon particles which may not have .Y been 1n suspension 1n the water Vof condensal tion passing downward through the lower portions of the tubes 15. The exhaust steamv will also be condensed on its passage through the tubes 15 and the. water of condensation will be caught in the chamber 23. I have found in actual practice that the gases and products of combustion will be entirely cooled by the passage through the tubes 15, thus showing that all of the heat contained in these gases has been absorbed by the water in the preheater or absorber. Thus all of the heat units contained in these otherwise waste gases will be caused to do work. It may be pointed out that it is absolutely necessary that the heated products of combustion shall be forced down through the preheater insteadof up therethrough in order to .secure the function of my appa- .ratus In other words, `the products of combustion at their greatest heat act upon the highest portion of the waterfirst and gradually pass downward through cooler areas until they issue into the chamber 23. If the products of combustion were taken into tile lower ends of the tubes 15 and passed upward a uniform temperature would besecured throughout the entire mass of water whereas with my construction a graduated temperature is secured. I have found in practice with4 my invention that absolutely cold water may be present in the lower portions of the tubes 15 while the water in theupper portions of the tubes is nearly at thesteaming point.

There 1s another point which is of vital importance to this invention. It is a well known fact that it is impossible to pump water at or near the steaming point into a boiler, the reason being that when the pis.- ton of the pump moves back the reduction in pressure within the pump chamber will cause the water to be converted into steam.

By my construction cold water may be pumped into the lower portion of the absorber or preheater and this water at or near the steaming point will readily p-ass into the lower portion of the boiler by means of the duct 17. No cold water,v therefore, is pumped into the boiler proper except when the boiler is first ired.

y`While I have illustrated what I believe to be the best iform of my invention, I do not wish to be limited thereto as it is obvious that it may be changed in many ways without departing from the spirit of the inven tion. Nordo I wish to be limited to thevuse of my heat absorber with a steam boiler as it is obvious that it ymay be used wherever it is desirable to utilize hithertol wasted products of combustion passing from a furnace. l I l Having described my invention, what I claim isi l 1. The combination with a boi-ler furnace and boiler having a relatively small water heating cubical content, ofa preheate-r having a'relatively large water heating cubical content including a casing adapted to ,con-

tain feedwater and connected at its upper end directly to the lower end ofthe boiler, fire tubespassing down through the casing, means for passing products of combustion from the *furnace into direct contact with the boiler and then downward through the fire tubes of the preheater, and means forb admitting feed water into the lower end of the preheater.

2. The combination with a boiler and furnace, of. a preheater including an outer casing, the upper end of the preheate'r being approximately on a level with the lower end of the boiler, a water container disposed within `the casing, fire tubes passing through the water container and opening into the upper and lower portions of the casing, anl inlet pipe entering the water container at its lower end, anoutlet pipe extending directly from the upper end of the water container to the lower end ofthe boiler, .a flue extending from the boiler-and furnace to the upper end of the said casing, and a discharge flue extending from the lower end of the casing of the preheater, said preheater having a much greater cubical content than the boiler.

3. In a boiler, an outer shell, a boiler proper supported above the fire box in said shell, fire tubes passing through the boiler and opening at their lower ends into the fire box and at their upper endsvinto the space above the boiler, a preheater comprising an outer shell, a casing supported within the preheater, the upper end of said casing being approximately on a level with the ltended into the space below the casing, the

cubical content of the boiler being smaller than the cubical content of the preheater,

a boiler disposed in said shell above the re box and comprising upper and lower sheets x and vertical fire tubes, the fire tubes open-- ing at their lower ends into the fire box and at their upper ends discharging-into the upper portion of the shell, .a feed water heater comprising a shell, a water container disposed in the said shell and having vertical fire tubes extending therethrough opening at their lower ends into the lower portion of the shell and at their upper ends into the upper portion thereof, the upper end of thewater container being disposed approximately on a level with the lower end of the boiler, the content of the feed water heater being considerably larger than the content of th boiler, a duct connecting the upper portion of the Water container with the lower portion of the boiler, an inlet pipe leading into the lower portion of said water container, a flue connecting the upper lportion of the furnace shell with the upper portion of the preheater shell, a' discharge ilue leading from the lower portion of the preheater shell, a by-pass Hue connecting the first named flue with said ydischarge flue, and a valve in said by-pass `flue.

5. The combination of a boiler and furnace, of a heat absorbing preheater having a greater cubical content than the boiler and including an outercasing, a water container disposed within the casing, fire tubes passing through the water container and opening into the upper and lower portions ofthe casing, the lower portion of the casing constituting a water collecting chamber and the lower ends of said tubes extending a distance into said chamber,`an inlet pipe entering the watercontainer at its lower end, an outlet ypipe extending transversely from the upper end of the water container directly to the lower end of the boiler, a flue extending from the boiler and furnace to the up- `per end of the casing, a discharge flue extending from thelower end of the casing of the preheater, and means for maintaining a water seal in the lower end. of said container.y f

6. The combination of a fire box, a boiler disposed immediately over the fireY box, fire tubes extending vertically through the boiler from the lire box to a space above the boiler, a preheater water container having its upper end substantially llevel with the lower end of the boiler, a single straight tube connecting the upper end of said .water container with the lower end of the boiler, a conical head over the upper end of said container, a smoke flue leadingfrom the space above the boiler into said head, a smoke flue leading from the space below said container, an ejector in the first-mentioned 'smoke Hue, and a water supply pipe entering the lower end of the water container.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

`THOMAS A. KILLMAN. [Ls] Witnesses:

FREDERIQ B. WRIGHT, EDWARD ROY.

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