US281890A - Vertical steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Shets -She et 1-. J. A. LANGDON.

VERTICAL STEAM BOILER.

No. 281,890. Patented Jul 'zil -lsss 2 Sheets-Sheet '2.

(No Model.)

J.'A. LANGDON.

VERTIGAL STEAM BOILER.

No. 281,890. Patented Ju1y24, 18.83.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFicE.

JOSEPH A. LANGDON, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

VERTICAL STEAM-BOI'LE R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,890, dated July 24, 1883.

Application filed March 26, 1883. (No model.)

I 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH A. LANGDON, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Vertical Steam Boilers; and I do hereby declare the follow ing to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to vertical steam-boilers, and has special reference to what are termed base-burning boilers, in which the fuel is fed to the fire-ehamber through a magazine or reservoir in the center of the boiler. In the vertical boilers of this class the flame and products of combustion have been carried from the upper part-of the fire-chamber by means of tubes leading downwardly to the base of the boiler, the products of combustion then passing upwardly around the outer shell of the boiler to the flue. On account of the circuitous draft of these boilers they could only be advantageously employed with hard or anthracite coal, and on account of the locationof the vertical tubes they could notbe reached to clean them or to replace them in" case they burned out.

The object of my invention is to form a ver I tieal steam-boiler by which these and other of vertical tubes or flues connecting the fire.

' chamber and the smoke-chamber.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe its construction and operation, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a sectional perspective of my improved boiler. Fig. 2 is a side view of the upp er end thereof, the surrounding brick -w ork being broken away; and Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the line as 00, Fig. 1.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

In the drawings, A represents my improved boiler, which is supported on the brick foundation a, or a suitable base, above the ash-pit B, and is surrounded by the wall G, which envelopes the boiler and forms the smoke and heating space D around it. In the lower part of the boiler is the fire-chamber E, having the door or opening 6 and the grate b, of any suitable and approved construction, a shaking grate being generally employed. In the center of the boiler is the fuel magazine or reser- 6o voir F, which extends from the top down into the fire-chamber the proper distance to deliver the fuel therein. The magazine is closed at the top by a suitable cover or lid, f, and is provided at the base with an annular cast-iron 6 5 shoe, to withstand the heat of the fire-chamber, the shoe 9 having a contracted mouth to support the fuel in the magazine and feed it to the furnace more slowly. The walls of the fuel-magazine and the fire-chamber form the inner shell of the boiler, the outer shell thereof being the same diameter throughout, and the water is held in contact with the wall and top plate of the fire-chamber, so as to absorb the heat therefrom, while the water and steam surrounding the fuel in the reservoir prevent its beingraised to a higher heat than the water or steam in the boiler.

Above the fire-chamber E is the annular smoke-chamber H, formed of the plates h h,

riveted to the outer shell of the boiler, and the tubular plate h around the magazine, a short distance therefrom, a smoke-chamber being thus formed within the body of the boiler. The smoke-chamber communicates with the annular heatingspace D around the boiler by means of a series of ports, Z, cut in the shell or outer plates of the boiler, these ports allowing the free passage of the smoke therefrom, and the access to the vertical tubes k, hereinafo ter referred to. This smoke-chamberHis connected with the fire-chamber by means of the series of vertical tubes or flues 7c 70, the smoke and heated products of combustion passing upward through this series of tubes to the smoke-chamber'directly through the largest body of water in the boiler, so that the heat is absorbed from them by the water. As the tubes are submergedthat is, entirely surrounded by the water in the boiler-they are not liable to burn out rapidly. The smokechamber H, withi n the boiler, also gives a large heating-surface for the products of combustion, largely increasing the heating capacity of the boiler. I11 the outer brick-wall, O, opposite each of the ports Z, are formed the openings m, through which access is obtained to the smokeehamber for cleaning the vertical tubes or replacing them in case they are burned out, these openings giving free access to the smokechamber, so that the upper end of the tubes inserted within the boiler may be secured within the plate h by means of an expanding tool, the lower ends of the tubes being expanded in like manner in the top plate of the fire-chamber, the chamber being large enough to permit the workmen to enter therein. The openings m are. closed by doors a.

Extending around the boiler, above the smoke-chamber, is the bridge-wall p, the wall having a port, 1', on the side of the boiler opposite the chimney-flue s, the wall serving to support the boiler and to deflect the smoke and heated products within the smoke-chamber and around the boiler, so that more heat is absorbed from them, and also to cause the superheating of the steam in the steam-space above the water, all the products of combustion necessarily passing around this steamspace.

In order to allow the escape of any gas generated from the fuel in the reservoir or passing up the reservoir,I employ the pipe t,leading from the top of the reservoir to the chimney-flue s, or around to the chamber E, the

voir directly to the flue, or into the fire-chamber, where they can be consumed; and I thus overcome the necessity heretofore found .in these reservoir feed-boilers of forming the res ervoir entirely separate from the boiler.

The boiler is provided with suitable feedwater and damper regulators, safety-valves, and gagecocks, and with the steam-pipes for conduct-ing the steam to the engine, pump, or steam-heating system with which it is employed, these not being illustrated in the drawings.

The operation of my improved vertical boiler is as follows: The fuel is fed to the fire-chamber E through the magazine or reservoir F, and the smoke and heated products of combustion pass from the fire-chamber up through the series of vertical tubes or fiues is into the smoke-chamber H, and from thence through the ports Z in the boiler-shell to the smoke space D, passing around within the smokechamber or smoke-space to the port 1' in the bridge-wall p, and from thence around the steam-space of the boiler to the chimney-flue s. The water within the jacket or waterspace of the boiler around the fire-chamber, and in the large water-space above the fire-chamber, is heated directly by the heat within the firechamber, and, as the heating-surface is large, a large amount of heat is absorbed by and steam generated from the water around and above the fire-chamber. As the heated pro- QSLSBI) ducts of combustion pass through the series of submerged tubes 7c, they still further heat the water, causing the rapid generation of steam in this large body of water, and, in passing into and around within the annular smoke-chamber H to the port 0 of the bridge-wall, the large heating-surface of the smoke-chamber causes the still greater generation of steam. As the heated products are held within the smokespace D by the damper within the chimneyfiue, they impart their heat through the outer shell of the boiler, and, as they necessarily pass around the upper part or steam-space of the boiler, serve to superheat the steam therein, and the entire shell of the boiler, within and without, thus act as heating-surfaces. As the fuel in the magazine or reservoir F is surrounded with the water of the boiler, it is evident that it cannot be brought to a higher heat than the steam therein, and this heat is not liableto coke the soft or bituminous coal to any extent, so that this coal can be fed properly to the fire-chamber. Any gas generated in or passing up through the reservoir is carried by the pipe 13 directly to the chimney-flue or firechamber, thus preventing the escape of gas from the fuel, which is found so objectionable in these baseburning furnaces. As the draft of the furnace is in substantially an upward direction, it is sufficiently direct to permit the employment of the soft or bituminous coal with 3 the furnace, the usual base-burning boiler necessarily using only hard coal or coke. gases thus passing from the top of the reser- I11 case the tubes is within the boiler should be burned out, they can be easily replaced, as the fire-chamber is large enough to work in, and

the upper ends of the tubes can be reached through the openings within the outer wall, 0, and the ports Z in the boiler-shell, these openings and ports giving free access for tools to spread or expand the tubes inserted or to clean the tubes or smoke-chamber. The boiler thus formed is composed entirely of wroughtiron plates or tubes, and for this reason I obtain an even expansion and contraction of the different parts under different heats, as well as a boiler which is not so liable to crack or i burn out as where part or all of the boiler is formed of cast-iron.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A vertical steanrboiler having a central. feedingmagazine, a fire-ehamber below said magazine an annular smoke-chamber within the boileraround said magazine communicating with said fire-chamber by a series of verti cal tubes, and an annular smoke-space around said boiler, said smoke-chamber eommunicat ing with said smoke-space by means of a series of ports in the boilershell, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a vertical magazine-feed steam-boiler, an annular smoke-chamber within theboiler provided with a series of ports on the shell thereof, in combination with a series of openings in the outer wall of the boiler communieating with said ports, substantially as and for site the chimney-flue, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. the purposes set forth. IO

3. A vertical steam-boiler provided with a In testimony whereof I, the said J OSEPH A.

smoke-space around the boiler, in combination LANGDON, have hereunto set my hand.

5 with the annular bridge -wall 1), extending JOSEPH A. LANGDON.

around the boiler across the smoke-space be- \Vitnesses: low the chimney-flue and above the smoke-en- W. K. MOGINNESS, trance, and having the port 9' at the side oppo- JAMES I. KAY.

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