US1148898A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

l. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.

A APPLICATION ElLED NOV. 28, 19,13*.

...llrullllll J. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.28, 1913.

www;

J. V. HENLEY cARuRETER.

l. MLPLICATION FILED NOV. 2B. 1313. i 1 m889 y Patented Aug. 1915. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.. APPLICATION msn Nov. 2a, 1913.

Patented Aug. 3, 1915" 105 yllllml//l/ Ill w" jg 0 la JOSEPH V. HENLEY, OF ST. LOUS, MISSOURI.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 3, 1915.

Application filed November 28, 191'3. Serial No. 803,479.

' T0 all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOSEPH V. HENLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St; Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvey ments in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters which are particularl adapted for use to control the supply ofy fuel and air to'and the mixing of same for internal combustion engines, and has for its object to provide an improved carbureter which is so designed that it will insurel of the proper mixing of fuel and air and efect the proper proportioning of same for the requirements for all speeds and changes in temperature and altitude.

Another object of the preesnt invention resides .in the provision of an improved carbureter which is designed so that a highly volatile and quick burning fuel can be used to start the engine and a heavier and slower burning fuel .used to supply the engine after it has been started.

Further, the present invention consists of novel features of construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and pointed out in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which like numbers of reference denote like parts wherever they occur, Figure l is a side elevation of a carbureter embodying the present inven tion; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View on the line 2 2, Fig. l, the auxiliary starter being removed; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3 3, Fig. 2,; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional View on the line 4 4, Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5 5, Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 6 6, Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a top plan View of the carbureter; Fig. 8 is a. sectional view, on an enlarged scale, on the line 8 8, Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, on the line 9 9, Fig. 1; Fig. 10 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the fuel supply valve; Fig. 11 is a fragmentary perspective View, on an enlarged scale, of the dome of the atomizer; Fig. 12 is a detailed elevation of the float in conjunction with the means for flirting the fuei supply4 valve; rig. is is a vertical-sectional view on the line- 13 13, Fig. 7 Fig. 14 is a sectional view on the line 1f l-14,-Fig. 13;.and Fig. 15 is a sectional View on the line 15-15, Fig. 13.

The casing or housing 1 is preferably formed with a cylindrical configuration, and i has an intake pipe 2 extending outwardly from oneside thereof and an outlet pipe 3 extending upwardly from the top of same,

said outlet pipe bearing a flange 4, which is adapted to be secured to the manifold (not shown in the drawings).

A wall G, which is preferably cylindrical in shape, extends downwardly from the top of the casing l and surrounds the mixing chamber 7, which opens at its top into the outlet pipe 3, being of such size in diameter as to leave a space 8 between same and the wall of the casing, into which space the inlet pipe 2 opens.` The lower end of the wall 6 of the mixing chamber 7 terminates within a short distance of the bottom of the casing 1 and bears an inwardly-projecting flange 9, which is preferably Aarranged to slope slightly downwardly.

A plurality of spirally-arranged webs 10 connect the flange 9 of the wall 6 and the bottom of the casing 1 and extend outwardly within the .lower part of the space 8 to the cylindrical wall ofsaid casing, being ar ranged in spaced relation to form the walls of channels 11 for the passage of air fro i the space 8 into the mixing chamber 7 a. d thereby to cause the air to discharge somewhat tangentially and with a whirling motion into the lower part of the mixing chamber 7 The intake pipe 2 is adapted to be clamped by means of a bolt 15 and a pair of lugs 13, with which it is equipped, around an end of a pipe or tube 16 that may be;

connected with a' suitable receptacle (not shown), which communicates with the atmosphere and has its interior heated by the.

with afwblookf?. adjustment screw 29,

I Illubly-jsupported in= an opening in the `fixed the positionof- 'same withv respect to the endfofthearm24, extends through a screwthreaded opening in the block 27 and not only supports the l,latter between the prongs 26,'but, also, affords a means for adjusting massue the mixing chamber 7 to anelevation slightly higher than the iiange 9 and, its lower end extends below the lower end of said hollow member, the inner wall of the domeshaped top being tapered upwardly, as best seen in Fig. 3. The lower end of the \atomizer '53 extends through an opening in y rod 21, thereby to effect either an increased tithe bottom of a fuel receptacle or cup 56 connecting rod 35.

or a. decreased movement of the valve 19.

A member 32, which is revolubly supported on a lateral projection 33 borne by the block 27, is provided with a screw-threaded opening for the reception of one end of a The other end of the rod 35 fits in a Iscrewthreaded opening in a member 36, which is revclubly supported on a'lateral projection 37 borne by the free 'end' ofan arm 38, said .arm being secured 'to oneend .of a rod 40, fwhich is revolubly supported iii-'openings in a pair of eppositely-disposed lugs 42 borne by the outlet pipe 3'of the casingv 1 land extends transl -fverselythrough said outlet pipe.

' into the manifold.

1- A butterflyl throttle-valve 43 is secured "pipe, 3 to control the passage lof the mixture tov the rod40- and is located in the outlet of fuel and air from the mixing chamber 7 It willbe observed that one end of the connecting rod bears a right-hand screwn thread' andthe `other end bears a left-hand screw-thread, so that when said rod is turned the free ends of the arms 24 and 38 will be moved either closer together or further apart, with the result of adjusting the rela tive positions of the check-valve 19 and the throttle-valve 43, an angular enlargement 46 on the middle portion of the rod 35 af fording a means for-turning .the latter by hand.-

A lever 47, which is secured to the opposite end of the rod 40, has the usual connection with the throttle lever (not shown in the drawings) so that the throttle-valve 43 and check-valve' 19 can be controlled from the drivers seat.

M adjustable stop-screw 49 which lits in a screw-threaded opening in a lug 50 borne by the outlet pipe 3, stands in position to engage a lug 51 borne by the' arm 38, so that when the rod 40 is rocked in the direction to movel the throttle-valve 43 toward a closed position said stop-screw will limit such movement so as 4to prevent complete 4closing of said throttle-valve, thereby holding the latter open sufficiently to allow the en ine to run at low speed.

f1 atomizer 53, which consists of a tube having a dome-shaped top with a relatively s substantiallyy the centerr of the bottom of l small central opening 54, fits in a hollow member 55 which extends downwardly from the middle of the bottom of, the casing 1,

lbeing relatively longerthan the member 55,

so that its dome-shaped top extends into iid bears a iange 57, which is soldered or otherwise secured to the bottom of said rewhen the atomizer is turned by rotary movenient of the receptacle to move said lugs 59` lnto registration with said spaces for the purpose of connecting said atomizer and` receptacle with or detaching same from said casing in an obvious manner.' Each lug 59 has one of its lower corners beveled as at 62, Fig. 11, so that after the atcmizer 53 is inserted into the hollow member 55 in such manner as to Acause the lugs 59 to pass p, through the spaces 61, the turning of the atomizer in the proper direction by a slight rotary movement of the receptacle 56 will cause the beveled corners 62 oL the lugs 59 to ride upon the lugs 53, thus drawing the atomizer and the receptacle upwardly until `the rim of the receptacle seats in the groove 58 in the casing 1 and the beveled shoulder 63 on the atomizer engages or nearlypengages the beveled bottoms of the lugs 60,` a plurality of stop-pins 64 being secured to the bottom of the casing l to limit such movement of1 the lugs 59.

A plate 65 extends across the lower end of the atomizer 53 and bears laterally-proioou jecting lugs 66 adjacent to the ends thereof,

which are secured to the flange57 by suitable means, its width being preferably' smaller than the internal diameter of the atomizer so as to leave uncovered spaces 68 adjacent to the sides of said plate for the passage of air into the atomizer, and there being, also, grooves in the top of said plate messes m and has a stuffing-box 70 in the lower end thereof, through which the enlarged lower portion 73 ofka relatively small tube or jet ir-t extends'. 'lhis tube or jet 7e extends up- .'dly through the interior of the hollow member 69 and bears an externally screwthreaded enlarged portion 7 5 near the upper end of same, which fits in an internally screw/threaded portion in the upper end of said'hollow member, its upper end being in axial alinement with and slightly smaller in diameter thanv thevopening 545 in the dome of the atomizer and its enlarged lower end 73 bearing a knurled head 7.6 by means of which the tube or jet is turned to adjust the j position of its upper end with respect to the opening 54 in the dome of said atomizer. The enlarged lower portion 73 of the tube or jet is closed at its lower end and has an l aperture 77 in its side, through which aperture fuel Hows from the interior `of the hollow member 69 into' the interior of the tube or jet, the plate 65 containing a passage 7 S, which opens at one end into the interior of the hollow member 69 and extends, also,

, through the flange 57 and the bottom of the receptacle 56 to'allow the fuel to flow from 1 the latter into the interior of said hollow member.

A drain-cock 79, which may be attached to the plate 65, communicates with the passage 7 8 and affords a means for allowing the fuel to drain out or the receptacle 56, hollow i member 69, and the tube or jet 74, when so desired.

From the foregoing, it' will be evident that, during the suction stroke of each pis-A ton, air is drawn through the intake pipe 2, space 8, and channels 11 into the mixing chamber 7 and, also, through the spaces 68, atomizer 53, and opening 54- into said mixing chamber, the amount and velocity of the air that passes through the opening 54 into the mixing chamber being governed by the checkvalve' 19. The Vair passing through the atomizer into the'mixing chamber draws the fuel eut of the upper end of the tube or jet 74 and cracks or atomizes same, at the same time throwing the little particles of the fuel Small opening 54. in the' dome of the atomizer to interrupt the flow of-air through said opening, the fuel in the tube or jet is very sensitive to l the slightest vacuum) vin tthe mixing chamber, thereby assuring a mixture of correct proportions for the slightest throttle opening or lowest possible speed of the engine, and when the upper end of the tube or jet is adjusted to a lower position a greater vacuum is required in the mixing I vmixture for all speeds and changes in temperature and altitude, thus permitting the use of either a dense or slow burning fuel, such as kerosene or the like, or a more volatile fuel, such as gasolene or the like, and effecting propel' atomization of the fuel.

In order to adjust the carbureter for starting the engine at low speed, the throttlevalve d3 is moved to nearly a closed position by the throttle lever at the steering post, then the check-valve 19 is adjusted by turning the connecting-rod in the proper' direction to move the check-valve to a more closed position than the throttle-valve, so as to establish enough vacuum in the mixing chamber to lift the correct amount of fuel from the tube or jet 74 into the mixing chamber to make the correct mixture for low' speed. Y

As a variable change in the density of the mixture is required for efficiency between low speed and high speed, or, in other words, from nearly closed position of the throttle- Valve 43 to the fully opened position of same, the stroke' arm of the checlevalve 19 is adjusted to the proper length by means of the adjustment screw 2f) to maintain the movement of the check-valve with respect to the tl'1rottle-valve so astio maintain the proper control of the vacuum in the mixing chamber for all speeds of the engine. VFor instance, when the tln'ottle-valve 43 stands in the proper position for low speed, thc checkevalve 19 closes or nearly closes the intake pipe and thereby subjects the atomizcr to substantially the full force of the vacuum, which lifts the proper amount of fuel from the tube or jet 7l into the mixing chamber A directly in force with the vacuum caused by the suction stroke of vthe engine piston and thereby reducmg the mixture to the leanest form practical for use. As the fuel is entirelv 'under vacuum control, no more fuel.

can be lifted into the mixing chamber than the' compensation and adjustment of the Atl'irottle-valve'and check-valve call for, regardless of their positions; therefore, the` vacuum on the atomizer in obtaining the proper amount of fuel for the mixture.

A vent-,pipe 80, which preferably extends upwardly through the space 8 and openings in the top and bottom of the casingl, communicates at its lower end with the interior of the receptacle 56 and at its upper end with the atmosphere, so as to maintain the fuel in said receptacle at'atmospheric pressure, its upper end being preferably bent downwardly to prevent dust and dirt from entering same. A float 81, which surrounds the dependingihollow member 55 of the casing 1 within the receptacle 56, is slidably mounted on said hollow member and lis adapted to move upwardly ai d downwardly with the fuel vin said receptafsle, being pro* vided at its upper end with an outwardlyturned flange 82. Said flange extends bec., een the upper and lower inwardly-turned terminals 83 of the prongs of a forked lever 85, which is pivqtally attached at 86 to and between a pair of lugs 87 borne by a member 88, and the latter is secured to the bottom of the casing 1 and bears an upwardlyprojecting portion which lits into and forms a closure for the lower end of a valve-chamber 90, which is preferably located between the outer wall of the casing 1 and the wall 6 of themixing chamber', the arrangement being suchA that any vertical movement of the float 81 will produce a corresponding movement of the forked end of said lever. The other end of Vthe lever 85 extends beneath the lower end of the stem 91 of the valve 92 for the purpose of raising the latter ofi its seat 93 in the enlarged upper portion of an opening 94 in the member 88,

said opening having a passage 95 leadingy therefrom toward the wall of the receptacle 5G to allow the fuel to flow from the valvechamber`90 into said receptacle. Such flow takes place the Heat 81 descends in consequence of the fuel falling belowa predetermined level in the receptacle, the movement of the floatrocking the lever 85, which, in turn, forces the stem 91 upwardly, raising the valve 92 0E its seat 93, the flow of the fuel continuing until the float raises with the fuel in said receptacle to such extent as to rock the lever 85 in the reverse direction sufiiciently to allow the valve 92 to seat. ln this way the fuel is maintained at substantially a uniform level in the receptacle 56 and the tube or jet 711.

The portion of the stem 91 that extends above the valve 92 terminates a short distance below the top of the valve-chamber 90 and bears a head 96, to which the upper end iaeaees of a sleeve 97 is soldered or etherwib secured. The sleeve 97 is adapted to slide vertically with the stem 91 within the valvechamber 90, and forms a compression chamber of suitable capacity, which chamber is closed at the top and open at the bottom, be-

ing corrugated longitudinally,- as best seen in Figs. 2, 3, and 10, so as to allow the fuel to pass freely between the walls of the corrugations and theV inner wall of the valvechamber as well as into the open bottom of said sleeve. By this arrangement, the fuel which flows under usual pressure through the supply pipe 98 into the valve-chamber at a point below the bottom of the sleeve 97 flows upwardly into the bottom of the sleeve and, also, between the walls of the sleeve and the valve-chamber and thereby compresses the air within the sleeve and, also, the air in the upper end of the valvechamber, maintaining equal pressures above and below the head 96 of the stem 91 so as to allow the valve 92 to seat under the combined weight of itself, its stem, and the sleeve. l

When it isl desired to use kerosene as the fuel. for running the engine, an auxiliary feed of gasolene is used to start the engine and to run same until the engine becomes heated suiiiciently to heat the innerv walls of an ordinary jacketed manifold (not shown) in the usual manner, so as. to prevent condensation of the kerosene mixture during its passage from the mixing chamber to,v the engine cylinders, and, also, until such time as may be required to obtain heated air from the heater'to which the pipe 1t?, is` connected `as hereinabove described.

`v'lfhis starting of the enginewitliglasolepe is accomplished by means oban-auxiliary starter which consists of ani atomizeigl00, which fits in an' opening inthe wall of the casing 1 and, also, in an openingin the wall 6 of the mixing chamber' 7 and bears a flange 101, which is secured' to the wall of said casing, the inner end of said atomizer projecting slightly into the mixing chamber 7 and having a relatively small central opening 103 through which communication is established between the atmosphere and the interior of the mixing chamber.

A shutter 10a controls the opening and closing of the opening 103, and is secured 4to the innerend of a rod 105 which is journaled in perforation in transverse walls or partitions 106 of the atomizer 100, a lever 107 being scoured. lto the outer end of said rod and having a connection with suitable means (not shown) for operating same from the dashboard' to open and close-the opening 103. The outer transverse wall or partition 106 has an opening 108 and the inner transverse wall or partition 106 contains a plurality' of perforations 109 so that, when the shutterl 1011 is moved touncov'er the /ope'iing 103, the suction stroke of each piston of the engine will draw air through the opening 108, perforations 109, and opening 103 into the mixing chamber, so as to draw gasolene from the upper end of a tube or jet 110 .into the latter. The upper portion of the jet 110 extends substantially horizontally through the opening 108 and, also,

through a perforation 109, so that its end alines with the opening 103 at a slight distance from the shutter 101, as depicted in Fig. 13, to make the gasolene in said jet sensitive to the slightest vacuum in the mixing chamber, and the lower portion extends downwardly from said atomizer and connects at its lower end with a gasolene receptacle or cup 111 at a'point adjacent to the bottom of the latter, said receptacle being borne'by the flange 101 of said atomizer.

A hollow cap 112, which is preferably cylindrical closes the upper end of the receptacle 111-, and is provided with an outwardly turned flange 113, from which an externally screw-threaded flange 114 extends downwardly to lit in the upper end of said receptacle, the iiange113 having an aperture 115 to maintain atmospheric pressure in said receptacle.

A plug 116 closes the lower end of the cap 112 and contains a vertical opening 117v through which the stem `113 of the valve 119 extends, and the lower part of this opening is enlarged and contains a seat 120, against which said valve seats upwardly, said plug lhaving a plurality of passages 121 to allow the gasolene to flow from said cap into the enlarged lower portion of said opening. The stem 118 extends upwardly from the valve'119 into the cap 112 and, also, downwardly from said valve into the receptacle 111, its lower end being reciprocatively guided in an opening 122 in the bottom ofi the latter.

A float 123 is reciprocatively mounted on the stem 118 within the 'receptacle 111, so that its upward movement will be limited by the valve 119and its downward movement willv be limited by a collar 124: borne by said stem near the bottom -of the latter, and said fioat is adapted toactuate said valve to open and close the opening 117 in the plug 116 to maintain the gasolene at a substantially uniform level in the receptacle 111 and jet 110. The upper end of the stem 118 terminates a short distance below the top of the cap 112- and bears a head 125 to which the upper end: of a sleeve 126 is soldered or otherwise secured. This sleeve 126 is adapted to slide vertically with the stem 113 within the cap 112 and forms a compression chamber which lis closed at the topjand let open at the bottom, being corrugated longitudinally, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, so as to allow the gasolene to pass freely between the walls of the sleeve and the cap aswell ini-rasee this arrangement, equal pressure Ais maintained above and below the head`125 of the stem 118, the sleeve having such capacity that, as the variable pressures of the fuel in the cap 112 increase or decrease, the compression 'in the valve sleeve 126, also, increases or decreases, the buoyancy of which valve sleeve 122 eoualizes the fuel pressure upon the valve 119, thus permitting the valve to be closed by the buoyancy of the fioat 123, when' the latter rises with the gasolene in the receptacle 111, and to be opened by the weight of the float 123, when same descends with the gasolene in the receptacle 111 sufficiently to rest upon the collar 124. In this way, the gasolene is maintained at substantially a uniform level in said receptacle and in the jet 110.

From the foregoing description, the operation of the carbureter will be largely evident, but may be summarized as follows:

' as into the open bottom of said sleeve. By I In order to sta-rt the engine, the throttlei valve' 43 and the check-valve 19 are moved to low speed positions in the manner hereinabove described and the lever 107 is actated to move the shutter 104 away from the opening 103 in the inner end of the gasolene atomizer 100, thereby subjecting the latter to the vacuum in the mixing chamber 7 and,-

at the same time, detracting some of the vacuum from the kerosene atomizer 53, with `the result that, on account of the gasolene -sene mixture, whereupon the lever 107 is 4actuated to cause the shutter 104 to close the opening 103, thereby cutting off the gasolene atomizer and allowing only atomized kerosene to be drawn into the mixing chamber with which to run the engine at various speeds by the proper manipulation of the throttle-valve 43 and check-valve 19 as hereinabove described.

It should be understood that, if desired, the auxiliary starter may be omitted entirely and gasolen'e or any other suitable hydrocar-g bon may be umd for fuel instead of kerosene.

Various changes in the details of construction'and arrangement of parts may be .made without departing from the nature and spirit' of the present invention,

projection I claim:

l. ln a carbureter, the combination With a casing having an air-inlet, an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central. mixing chamber, Which communicates with the outlet and is open at its bottom to receiveair from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer 'extending through said opening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means for 4removably holding said atomizer .in place including an inwardly-projecting lug located insaid opening, and a lateral borne by saidatomizer for overlapping engagement with said. lug. A

2. In a4 carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inlet, an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central mixing chamber, which communi; cates with the outlet and is open at its bottom to receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer. extending through said opening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means for removably7 holding said atomizer in place including an inwardly projecting lug located in said opening, a lateral projection borne by said atomizer for overlapping engagement With said lug, and a stop borne by said lug for engagement with said' projection. t

3. ln a carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inlet, an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central mixing chamber, 'which communifates with the outlet and is open at its bottom to receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer extending through said opening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means for removably holding said atomizer in place including an inwardly-projecting lug located in said opening, a lateral projection borne by said atomizer for overlapi ping engagement with said lug, and a stop borne by said lug for engagement With said projection, one end of said projection being provided With a bevel on the lovver side thereof.

' el. In a carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inlet and an outlet and containing a central mixing chamber, which communicates with the outlet and' is open at its bottom to receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer detachably secured to the bottom of said casing and having a domdshaped discharge end which projects musees l j into the bottom of the mixing chamber, a fuel receptacle supported by said atomizer, and an adjustable jet located in said atomizer and having a communication with said receptacle: v

5. In a carbureter, the' combination Withy a casing having an air-inlet and an outlet and containing a central 'mixing chamber, which communicates with the outlet and 1sA open at its bottom to receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer extending through, the lbottom of said casing into the bottom of the mixing chamber, a fuel receptacle supported by salu atomizerhaving an openingr in .its bottom, a member secured to the bottom of said receptacle having a passage which communicates With said opening, Said member bearing a hollow extension which communicates with said passage and projects upwardly into said atomizer, and a jet adjustably supported in said extension and' having a lateral oriice which communicates with the interior of said extension, said 'extension having its Wall spaced from that of said atomizer 'forthe passage of air through the latter.

6. In a carbureter,l the combination with a casing having an air-inlet and an outlet l and containing acentral mixing chamber which communicates with the outlet and is open at its bottom to receiue air from the inlet, of a hollow member depending from aio the bottom of said casing, a fuel atomizer' removably supported in said member and having a dome-shaped discharge end which projects into the bottom of the mixing chamber, a fuel receptacle supported by 'said atomizer, an adjustable jet located in said atomizer and havin a communication with said receptacle, a fuel chamber locatedy in- JOSEPH V. HENLEY.

Witnesses:

NANCY C. THOMAS, WALTER C. GREELs.

Images