US1105134A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

E. HANEMANN= GARBURETER Patented July 28, 1914.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12,1913. 1,105,134.

[/VVENTOR.

ATTORNEY WITNESSES:

i ,iosaee.

PAEENT OFFICE.

EIiTGELBERT HANEMANN, O13 HOLYOKE', MASSACHUSETTS.

GARBURETEB To all 107mm 2']: may concern:

Be it known that l, Enonnnnu'r Hannimxts. a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Holyoke, in the county of l-lampdcn and State of lilassachusetts, have invented a new and useful Carbureter, of which the billowing is a specifications ivi y invention relates to improvements in carburetors for hydrocarbonor gasolene engines, and consists of certain peculiar gasand air-controlling means, which comprise a valve-provided air intake surrounding the mixing chamber and opening into the same at various points, together with a member of special form for the discharge of the fuel, and other necessary and desirable features all as hereinafter set forth.

The primaryobject of my invention is to produce a carbureter which most thoroughly and completely breaks up the gas and mixes it with the air so that a fuel mixture of the required fineness is obtained, and one which also has the proper proportions of gas and air. is a resultof the improved mixture which i am able to produce with this car an engine equipped with such carand supplied with such mixture therefrom is more flexible and efiicient, and is operated more economically because less fuel is required to produce a given result.

A further object is to produce such a carbureter which is simple, compact, and comparativcly inexpensive, and withal entirely practicable and possessing a high degreeof efficiency under the various conditions incident to theuse of such a device.

Other objects are to provide in a carbureter a fuel supply and an air adjustment that are automatic in action, which action. is simple and brought about by or results from equally simple mechanical means, and to produce a whirling motion at two points or elevations in the air supply with whichm carburcter is equipped and which const1- tutes an important feature or features of the same. 4

Various other objects and advantages will appear in the course ofthe following description.

I attain the objects and secure the advantapes of my invention by the means illus trawl in the accompanying drawings, in

1 4 ilt/.1 I

Figure 1 is a central vertical section throu gh a carburetor which embodies a practical term of my invention; Fig. 2, a hen- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J uly28, 1914.

Application filed November 12, 1913. Serial No. 800,511.

' zontal section through said carbureter, taken on lines 2-2, in Fig. 1, looking down, and, Fig. 3, atop plan of the full and initial air supply members.

Similar figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The carburetor casing may be constructed in any suitable manner, but as herein illustrated consists of an air tube 1 externally screwthreaded at the top and bottom, a mixing chamber 3 screwed at the base on to the top of said tube, and provided above the base with an overhanging or horizontal part4 which has an annular shoulder 5 adjacent to its outer edge, a float-chamber 6 surrounding said tube and held in place at the bottom thereon by means of a coupling nut 7 screwed onto said tube, said float chamber being provided on one side with a fuel intake projection 8, an annular channeliorming member 9 supported on the top of said float-chamber and having a. flan e 10 to engage such top, and fit said shoulder 5, said member 9 being provided on one side with an air-inlet chamber 11. The member 9 fits tightly around the contiguousportion ot' the mixing-chamber Thereiis a valveseat 12 in the bottomof the chamber 11, and

below said seat, is an annular flange 13 which Is externally. screw-threaded to. re-

ccive a coupling-nut 14. A flanged tubular member or elbow 15 is securely attached to the flange 13 by means of the coupling-nut H. In practice, the elbow 15 is preferably connected with the shell or casing around the exhaust of the engine, so that hot air enters said elbow and may be taken therefrom through the valve-seat 12. A flanged pipe 16 leads from the air-take member or elbow 15 at the base of the tube 1, at which base said pipe is securely attached by means of. the coupling nut7. Thus it is seen that air from the elbow 15 passes to the tube 1 by way of the pipe 16, as well as to the chamber 11 by way of the valve-seat 12-.

Travel-sing the tube 1 transversely is a member 1? in which is apassage 18 that opens through opposite sides of said tube into the float-chamber (incur the, bottom thereof. Rising from the member 17, in the axial center of the tube 1, is an upright nozzle 19 in'which is a. vertical passage 20 that opens at the base into the passage 18and terminates at thetop in a seat 21 for a valve QQ. -he float-chamber 6 can be drawn therefrom It is now clear that fuel fromios by suction through the passages 18 and 20 and the valve-seat 21, assuming, of course, that the latter be not closed by the valve 22.

The valve 22 is. of special construction as shown, being large at the top and pointed at the bottom and having concave sides. Said valve is, in fact, an inverted concave cone. The valvesea-t is made to correspond to the valve 22, by having a convex conical form, as shown. By giving these forms to the valve 22 and its seat, and especially by making said valve with a large head and concave sides, and locating the same so that the air discharge from the tube 1, both di rect and by Way of the passages 24:, and the liquid-fuel discharge from the passage 20 must necessarily impinge thereon, it results that the fuel elements are completely broken up and thoroughly co-mmingled and combined by the time they enter the mixing chamber 3 and as soon as they enter said chamber. By being thus merged into each other, as it were, the primary fuel elements are made ready for the auxiliary air which enters the mixing chamber 3.

The nozzle 19 is enlarged at the upper end to form an annular shoulder 23, and leading inwardly and upwardly from said shoulder is a series of passages 24. The passages 24 open through the valve-seat 21 andsaid passages are in tangential relation to an imaginary circle passing through the inner ends thereof. as clearly shown in Fig.

3. While some of the air which enters the tube 1 from the pipe 16 passes around the outside of the upper terminal ofthe nozzle 19, a portion of such air impinges against the shoulder and is thereby deflected into the passages 24 which impart a whirling motion and to the air thus deflected from its natural course, upon its entrance into the space between the valve-seat 21 and the valve thorough mixing of the air'with the fuel or gas occurs initially than would be the case if the entire volume arose around the outside of the nozzle 19 and did not mingle with the gas until after the latter had risen out of said seat.

There is a vertical passage 25 ending at the top in a valve-seat 26 in the projection 8, also a valve 27 therein for said seat. A screw-cap 28 is provided for the projection 8 or the chamber therein. 'Said chamber opens at 29 into the float-chamber 6. Pivotally mounted at 30 is a rocker-arm 31. The valve 27 is attached to the arm 31 at one terminal, and a float 32, in the floatchamber 6, is attached to said arm at the other terminal. The arm 31 extends through the opening 29. These float-valve members operate in the usual and well-known manner to admit the liquid fuel to the floatchamber 6, and to maintain an adequate sup- Q The l of said valve and between it and the upper ply of such fuel therein at all times.

22, with the result that a moretop of the float-chamber 6, or of the annular space contained within the member designated by said numeral, is formed or closed by the bottom parts of the mixingchamber 3 and the member 9, and a vent opening is provided in said member 6 for the purpose of relieving undue pressure in the aforesaid space.

It will be observed that the valve 22 is enlarged to such an extent at its outer end as to materially constrict the entrance to' the mixing-chamber 3, or the exit from the tube 1. Thus I avoid using a tube 1 of the Venturi type, and obtain the same or better eifects than would be the case if a tube of such type were employed. The valve 22 has a stem 34: rising therefrom and operating in a tube 35 which is tapped into and depends from the upper part. of the mixing; chamber 3 so that such tube is adjustable vertically in said chamber. A spring 36, encircles the valve-stem 34 between the lower end of the tube 35 and the valve 22. The valve-stem 34 extends beyond the tube 34: at the top. and is screw-threaded to receive a nut 37 on the protruding terminal. The nut 57 when it comes to rest on the head 38 of the tube limits the downward movement of the valve 22. The valve-stem 34 has a head 39 at its outerend. A double adjustment is thus provided for the valve 22, and means also for changing or regulating the tension of the spring 36. Usually the nut 37 is employed to regulate the spring 36. and the tube to regulate the valve 22. When the nut 37 is adjusted on the valve-stem 3t, it either locates the valve 22 nearer the lower end of the tube 35 and so compresses the spring 36 to a greater extent, or moves said valve farther away from said tube and so decreases the compression of said spring, accordingly as said nut is screwed up or down on said stem. Having adjusted the valve 22 relative to the tube 35, in the manner and for the purpose just explained, said tube is screwed up or down to so adjust the valve-stem 34 carried thereby as to prevent said valve from being fully seated. A convenient means is thus provided for regulating the amount of minimum space between the needle-valve and its seat, and for nia'nually lifting said valve to clear the seat from any obstruction.

Initially the fuel is drawn up through the valve-seat'2l and around the valve 22 through the space left when the nut 37 is at rest on the head 38, but as soon as the suction increasesthe force of the spring 36 is overcome, and said valve with its stem and said nut is elevated, thus increasing the opening for the escape of the fuel and permitting more fuel or an increasing volend of the tube 1 into the mixing-chamber 3. \Vhen the force of the suction decreases the spring '36 acts to force the valve 22 downwardly, and as such force continues to decrease said spring finally forces said valve into its lowest position. The spring 36 is aided by gravity, and in some cases gravity alone might be depended upon to prevent the valve 22 from risin too easily and to return the same to closed position.

A butterfly valve is shown at 40, in the first view, to control the passage of the. fuel mixture from-the mixing-chamber 3. to the intake manifold of the engine, the latter not vter is an air-chamber.

being shOWn.

The part 4 and the member 9 inclose a hollow space or form an annular chamber 41, into which the intake chamber 11 opens at 42. In the side walls of the mixingchamber 3 is a series of tangential openings 43, thus establishing communication between i said chamber and the chamber 41 which lat- Air, drawn from the chamber 41 through the tangential openings 43 into the mixing-chamber 3, is discharged or sucked into said mixing chamber in such a manner as to impart to such air a whirling motion, as will be readily seen. Obviously the whirling motion thus produced is most" eflicacious in breaking up, commingling, and itself mixing with the fuel or vapor 1n the mixing-chamber.

A valve 44 is provided for the valve-seat 12 in the bottom of the chamber 11. A stem its 45 rises from the valve 44 and operates in an adjusting screw 46 tapped into the top of the chamber 11. A. spring 47. is interposed between the inner end of the screw 46 a-nd the top of'the valve 44, and serves to retain said valve-on its seat, and to return it to'such seat after being lifted therefrom, in the absence'of a preponderance of ressure from below the valve, resulting rom the withdrawalof'pressure from above the valve by the, suction produced by the engine. The force of the spring 47, and consequently the force'required .to open the valve 44 against said spring,-- are increased or decreasd by turning thepscrew 46 in or out. There-is a passage 48 in the screw 46 for the valve-stem 45, which passage is of sufiicient length 'to accommodate said stem regardless of the amount of normal adjustment that may be given said screw. l

From the foregoingboththe-construction and generaloperation of the carburetor will be un efined ese l wadly a b ef explanation of the manner in which thecarbureter operates as a whole, and this I will which escapes through the passages 24, and being sucked into said chamber, with air that rises around the nozzle 19 above the shoulder 23, from between said tube and the cilarged partof the valve 22. The fuel mixture thus initially drawn into the 'mixing-chamber 3 -is.very efficient, owing to the action of the air which is drawn through the tangential passages 24,'and to the consequent thorough commingling of the ele' .ments. As thesuction increases the valve 22 is raised to admit to the tube land the mixing-chamber an increased or increasing amount of liquid fuel mixed with the initial air, As the engine continues to require more gas br fuel mixture, sufficient force is developed to raise the valve 44, againstthe resiliency of the spring 47, to open the way from the elbow 15 through the valve-seat 12 into the chamber 11. The air which is thus drawn into the chamber 11 is sucked from said chamber, through'the part 42, into the 'chamber'41, thence, through the tangential openin 43, into the mixingchamber where it immediately mixes in the most thorough manner with the fuel already therein. Theairirom the chamber 41 has ,a-whirling motion imparted thereto by the act of passing through the openings 43, as previously explained, and this insures the proper amount of commingling between the several elements in the mixing-chamber. As soon as the required amount of additional air is received and thesuction sufiiciently de: creased, the spring 47 acts to close the valve 44. The valve 44 opens more or less ac cording to the force exerted by the suction within the chambers 3, 41 and 11, or in agreement with such force. I For construction purposes and convenience the bottom'or floor of the intake chamber 11 is removable, the same being screwed into place in the present case, as shown in Fig. 1, Various changes in the shape, size, ar rangement, and construction of some or. all of the parts and members of the carbureter, as herein illustrated, may be made without de arting from the spirit of my invention. Vhat I claim as myinvention, anddesire to secure by Letters atent, is

1. Air and fuel supply means, tor a car bureter, comprising'an air tube and a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a, valve-seat and having a series of air passages opening into said seat from said tube, and an inverted concave conical valve for said seat.

2. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tube and a fuel. nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a valve-seat and having a series of tailgential air passages opening. into said seat from the outside of said nozzle, and an inverted concave conical valve for said seat.

3. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tube and a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a valve-seat and having a series of tangential air passages opening into saidseat from said tube, said passages extending up- Wardly and inwardly, and an inverted concave conical valve for said seat.

4- Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tube and a shouldered fuel nozzle within such tube, said nozzle being provided with a valve-seat and having a series of tangential air passages opening at one end beneath the shoulder on said nozzle and at the other end into said valve-seat, and an inverted concave conical valve for said seat.

5. In a carburetor, an air tube, a mixingchamber directly mounted on and attached to the upper terminal of said tube, said mixing-chamber having an exterior flange, a float-chamber supported from the bottom part of said tube, an annular member, comprising a bottom and sides, surrounding and fitting said mixing-chamber below said flange and forming with said flange an air chamber, said annular member being mounted directly on said float-chamber and being provided "with an intake chamber which opens into said air chamber, the latter in turn opening into said mixing chamber, a valve-seat in said intake chamber, and a valve for such seat. I

6. In a carburetor, an air tube, a mixingchamber mounted on the upper terminal of said tube, said mixing-chamber having an exterior flange, a float-chamber supported from the lower terminal of said tube, an annular member, comprising a bottom and sides, surrounding and fitting said mixingchamber below said flange and forming with said flange an air chamber, said annular member being mounted on said float-chamber and being provided with an intake chamber which opens into said air chamber, the latter in turn opening into said mixingchamber, a valve-seat in said intake chamber, a valve for such seat, a conduit leading to said intake chamber and opening into the same outside of said valveseat, and a conduit in open connection with said first-mentioned conduit and the base of said air tubel 7. The combination, in a carbureter, with a fuel-supply member, and a tubular member mounted for longitudinal adjustment above said fuel supply-member, of a valvestem arranged to slide freely in said tubular member, a valve rigidly attached to the inner end of said stem and in operative position relative to said fuel-supply-member, and adjusting means for said valve-stem relative to said tubular member.

8. The combination, in a carbureter, with a. fuel-supply member, and a tubular member mounted for longitudinal adjustment above said fuel supply-member, of a valvestem arranged to slide freely in said tubular member, a' valve rigidly attached to the inner end of said stem and in operative position relative to said supply-member, a spring interposed between said needle-valve and the adjacent end of said tubular member, and adjusting means for said valve-stem relative to said tubular member.

9. Air and fuel supply means, for a carbureter, comprising an air tube and a fuel nozzle therein, said nozzle being provided with a convex conical valve-seat and having a series of air passages opening into said seat from said tube, and an inverted concave conical, valve for said seat.

10. The combination, in a carbureter, of an air tube, a fuel nozzle therein of less diameter than the tube, such nozzle being pro vided with a convex conical valveseat and having a fuel passage and a series of air passages, the latter opening into said seat from said tube, and an inverted concave conical valve in said tube for said seat, said valve having a large head which is over said air and fuel passages and the passage in said tube. s

11. The combination, in a c'arbureter, of an air tube, a fuel nozzle therein of less diameter than the tube, such no z'zle being provided with a convex conical Walve-seat and having a fuel passage and /a series of air passages, the latter opening into said seat fromsaid tube, an inverted concave conical valve in said tube for said sea-t, said valve having a large head which is over said fuel and air passages and the passage in said tube. a mixing chamber above said tube, an auxiliary air chamber around said mixing chamber and opening into the same, and

means to supply air to said auxiliarychamber.

ENGELBERT HANEMANN.

Witnesses: V

F. A. Curran, A. C. FAIRBANKS.

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