US1145357A - Method of conducting combustion. - Google Patents

Description

H. L. DOHERTY.

Patented July 6, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- METHOD 0F CONDUCTING COMBUSTION.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 17. 19H. 1,145,357.

H. L.noHERTY'. METHOD 0F CONDUCTING CDMBUSWW'N. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 17, |911.

1,145,357. Pmnquly 6, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. m FIGB.

Henry L Dollaerty, Syn/vento@ HENRY L. DOHERTY, OF'NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD 0F CONDUCTING C OMBUSATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 6, 1915.

Application mea January rz, 1911. serial No. 603,088.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, HENRY L. DOHERTY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in .Methods of Conducting Combustion, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a method of conducting combustion, and, in particular, to a method of conducting combustion v1n the heating fiues of a coke-oven. a

The object of my invention is to provide a method of conducting combustion in a coke oven or other furnace whereby a uniform heating eect is secured from the top to the bottom of the oven and the maximum economy of combustion obtained.

My method consists in securing a prolonged combustion in theheating iiues by burning a portion of the heating gas in the top lues with an excess of air and then adding to the stream of combustion products from the upper combustion iiue, alternately, an excess of gas and an excess of air, the proportion of the gas burned in the other iiues being so regulated that a fairly uniform temperature is established in all the combustion flues, both the air and gasused in the combustion being heated in separate recuperators by the hot products of combustion discharging from the heating flues.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown a form of apparatus for applying my invention.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through one set of heating filles and one set of recuperator lues and the gas producer on the line F, F1, F11, F111, F11', FV, F111, F1111 of Fig.

2. Fi 2 is a vertical cross-section of one half o the apparatus on the line A, A1, A11, A111, A12-'AV of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section of the other half of the apparatus on the line B, B1, B11, B111 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is asimilar section of one half of the apparatus on the line C, C1, C11, C111, C111, CV, CVI, C111 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a similar section of the other half on the line DD of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a 'horizontal cross-sec tion on'the line EE of Fig. 1.

1 is thecoking chamber or ovenl proper of the oven setting; 2 the gas producer; 3 the air recuperator; 4 the gas recuperator. 5 is the main combustion gas flue conducting away the flue gases from a battery of ovens.

61, 611, 6111, 61V, etc., are the heating or combustion iues of the oven on one side and 71 711, 7111, 71V, etc., are the combustion iiues of the other side of the oven.

8 and 8 are the gas up-take lues for the two sides of the oven and 9 and 9 the air up-take flues.

101, 10111, 10V, etc., are the gas nostrils connecting the gas flue 8 with the combustion ues 61, 6111 and 6V.

111-1, 111v and 11v1 are the air nostrils connecting the air l'ue 9 with the combustion flues 611, 61V and 6111.

121, 12111, 12V are the gas nostrils connecting the gas fiue 8 with the combustion iiues 71, 7111 and7v.

1311, 131V and 13111 are the corresponding air nostrils or ports for the side of the oven in which are located the combustion lues 71 to 7V11.

Dampers 14 and 14. provide a means for regulating the flow of gas through the gas nostrils, and dampers 15 and 15 a means for regulating the iiow of air through the air nostrils.

-The oven is symmetrical in all respects in relation to a vertical plane through its middle, so that thereproduction of both sides of the oven in the several views is unnecessary to a clear showing of its construction, but numerals referring to the duplicate parts are introduced herein, for thesake of brevity and clearness in the description.

16 and 16 are lues through which combustion gases are drawn down from vthe flue 6V11, underthe action of the injectors 17 and 17 respectively, and forced under the grate of the producer 2. A v

18 and 18 are the side walls of thepoven and 19 and 19the end-walls. v

20 is the fuel chute of producer 2, 21 the ash door giving accessto the ash pit 21 and the grate 21 of the producer.

A22 are the hand holes having coversl 23 -which provide access to the gas nostrils 10 and dampers 14. v

24 and 25 are, respectively, the hand holes and covers of the air nostrils.

The air recuperator 3 comprises a series of 'fiues 26 connected two in parallel so that the gas current passing through them is divided between two iues. The ues 26, in the form of recuperator shown, arch A27 within' the vertical lues 28, 28 and are spaced bythe spacers 29. .The ends of the iues 28, 28 are closed by the s ecial tiles 30 which are made to exactly fit 't e exterior sol ica

are built up from the of the Hues 26. There are thus formed two chambers into which the ends of the Hues 26 open. Horizontal partitions 31 divide the chamber thus left in the front of the oven into three sections, 32, 33 and 34, which form the return connections for the Hues 26, dividing them in effect into a return-bend Hue composed of two parallel sections. The horizontal partition 35 forms the return-connection 36 for the upper Hues of the recuperator at the rear. VThe partition 37 forms the return-connections 38 and 39 at the rear of the recuperator. Connecting with 38 is the passage 40, ythrough which the products of combustion, which have passed through the gas recuperator 4, enter the chamber 38 and join the Hue gases which have passed through the upper part of the air recuperator, the combined currents passing thence through the lower two divisions of the Hues 26 of the air recuperator, and through 39 into the Hue 41 leading to the main combustion gas Hue 5. A tile, 42, serves, as a damper to the passage 41. The air enters the recuperator through the inlet passage 43 and passes back through the Hue 44, whence it passes through the ports 451, 45H, 45m, 45W, into the main air Hue 28. The air discharges from the Hues 28 through the ports 46 into the air Hue 46, thence into the uptake- Hues 9 and 9 respectively, from which it passes through the respective air nostrils, 11H, 11W, 11W, 13, 131V,-

13, into the respective'combustion Hues 6 and 7. V

The construction of the producer gas recuperator is similar in principle to that of the air recuperator. l-IIorizontal Hues 47 provide a path for the passage of combustion gas through the recuperator. These Hues 47 are built up from the producer arch 48 within the gas Hue 51, being separated by the spacers 49. Tiles 50 prevent communication between the forward ends of the Hues 47 and the producer gas Hue 51. The chamber 52 forms a return-connection for'the Hues 47. The arch 53 forms the chamber 54 establishing communication between the inlet ends of the Hues 47 kand the lower combustion Hue 6V, A tile, 67, serves to regulate the HowV of combustion gas from the Hue 6vn to the upper set of Hues 47. Nostrils, 561, 56, 56m, 561V, provide passage for the producer gas from producer 2 to the gas Hue 51. A passage, 57 establishes communication between the gas Huey 66 and the gas up-take Hue 8. Hand holes 58, with covers 59, provide access to the Hues 47 of recuperator 4. Hand holes 60, with covers 61, provide avmeans of access to the Hues 26.

The method of operation is as follows z-A bed of ignited fuel having been built up in the gas producer 2, air is discharged under pressure into the primary air Hues 62 through the nozzles 463. Nostrils, 64, establish communication between the Hue 62 and the ashi pit 21 of the producer 2. Under the inducn tive action of the current of air discharging from 63 into the throat of injector 17, combustion gas is drawn down through the Hue 16 from the lowest combustion IHue 6V, mingles with the air from .nozzle 63, and the combined current of combustion gas and air passes through the Hue 62 and nostrils 64 into the ash-pit 21 of the producer 2. Passing through the fuel bed 65 on the grate 21, the oxygen and carbon dioXid of the draft current react with the carbon of the fuel to form carbon monoXid according to the following reactions, viz.:

The producer gas passes through the gas nostrils 561, 56H, 56m, 561V into the producer gas Hue 51 -of recuperator 4. During its passage through 51, the producer gas is heated by the sensible heat of the hot combustion gases passing through the Hues 47. As l aim to operate my fuel bed at a comparatively low temperature, so as to avoid HuXing the ash of the fuel, the producer gas leaves the fuel bed at a temperature of from i600-18009 F. The combustion gases, on the other hand, discharge from the Hues 6"II at a relatively higher temperature-say 2200o F. Even allowing for the necessity of a considerable temperature diHerential between the combustion gas and producer gas, there is thus a considerable range of temperature-say, 'about l20G-300" F.- through which it is practicable to raise the producer gas. The hot producer gas discharges from the Hues 51 through the passages 66 and 57 into the Hues 8, 8'., passes up through the Hues 8, 8, from which it passes through-'the several ports 10 and 12 in portions regulated by thedampers 14 and 14 respectively, into the combustion Hues and 6I, 6m, and 6V, and 71, 7m, and 7V, where it is burned. A portion of the hot products of combustion passing through the Hues 6"Il and 7VII is-diverted into the Hues 47 of each producer as recuperator by opening the dampers 67 until the proper distribution of the combustion products between the two recuperators has been obtained. The Hue gases heating the producer gas recuperator pass through 54, 47 and the passage 40 and mingle with the stream of combustiongases from the upper Hues of the air recuperator in the chamber 38, the combined streams passing through the lower Hues of the air recuperator and thence through the dampered passages 39 and 41 to the main stack Hue 5. The relative proportions of the two Streams of combustion gases passing through the two recuperators should be so adjusted that both streams reach the chamber' 38 at approximately equal' temperatures.

, superheated producer The upper heating iiues 6I and 7I are heated solely by the sensible heat of the gas introduced through the ports 10 and 12 respectively. This portion of gas passes along the lues 6I and ''I to the other end of the oven. I-Iere an excess of air is added in quantity sufficient to not only burn all of the gas passing into the lues 6II and 71I from the flues 6I and 71, respectively, but also to burn about one-half of the gas which is added to the current at the inlet ends of the lues 6m and 7III through the gas ports 10III and 12m, respectively. The gaseous currents, now composed of combustion gases-and an excess of producer gas, sweep through the flues 6m and 7m to the other end of the oven where an excess of air is added to the gaseous currents through the air nostrils 1lIV and 131V.

The proportion of air which is entered here should again be thaiJ which will not only burn the excess of combustible in the currents entering the flues 61V and 71V, but also about one-half of the gas which is to `be admitted through the nostrils 10v and 12V, respectively. The burning gas sweeps through the flues 61V and 71V, and at the entrance to -the ues 6V and 7V respectively, receives a fresh addition of gas through the respective nostrils 10V and 12V. The excess air entered through the nostrils 10W, 13W burns part of the gas entered through 10V and 12V, the gas currents sweeping through the iiues 6V and 7V and into the flues 6VI and 7W, respectively. At the entrance to 6VI and 7VI the gaseous currents receive their final portion of air through the nostrils 11W, 13W, the air admitted here being limited to that required to secure the excess necessary to complete combustion. The gaseous currents after passing through the ues 6VI and 'TVI should, in proper working, be composed only of products of complete combustion, nitrogen and a small excess of air. In the lues 6V and 7V, respectively, the combustion gases are divided, as before explained, part going to the producer gas recuperators and part passing through the passages 22 to the air recuperators.

In regulating the distribution of glas and air to the flues 6I, 6H, etc., and 71, I, etc., it is my aim to so regulate the proportions in the several iues that an approximately uniform temperature is secured throughout each series of flues. While I discharge the combustion gases from the combustion or heating ues 6VII and 7V at a comparatively high temperature (about 2000 to 2200 F.) I do not thereby withdraw the heat of these gases from the system, since, by using both the producer gas and air to recuperate the heat of the combustion gases I am using, in the recuperators, currents of approximately balanced heat capacities. Therefore, I return to the combustion flues in the air and producer gas the bulk of the sensible heat which is carried out of the iiues by the hot combustion gases discharging therefrom, the exact roportion returned depending upon the e ciency of the recuperator used.

With a good efficiency in the recuperator, the gases discharged to the stack iue may be cooledto 200 to 300 F.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. The method of conducting the combustion of gas, which comprises, instituting the combustion of a portion of said gask with a portion of air, and prolonging the flame of the initial combustion, by adding thereto, alternately, a further portion of gas and a further portion of air, the said further portions of gas and air being added at such intervals as to maintain the initial flame substantially continuous.

2. The method of conducting the combustion of gas which comprises,instituting the combustion of a portion of said gas with a portion of air in excess of that required to supply oxygen for the complete combustion of said portion of gas, and prolonging the flame of the initial combustion by a secondary combustion caused by adding thereto a further portion of gas in excess of the free air remaining in the flame gases from the initial combustion, followed by a further portion of air in excess of the unconsumed gas remaining in the iame gases from the secondary combustion. l

3. The method of conducting the combustion of gas to secure a prolonged iame, which comprises, instituting the combustion of a portion of said gas with a portion of air in excess of that required to supply oxygen for the complete combustion of said portion of gas, and prolonging the ame of the initial combustion by a secondary combustion maintained by adding to the flame gases a further portion of gas in excess of the'free air remaining in the said flame gases from the initial combustion, followed by a further portion of air in excess of the unconsumed gas remaining in the llame gases from the secondary combustion, and repeating the additions of gas and air, in like manner, until the desired prolongation of flame has been secured.

4. The method of conducting the combustion of gas, which comprises, burning a portion of said gas with a portion of air in excess of that required to supply oxygen for the complete combustion of said portion of gas, and adding to the so-formed hot gases a further portion of gas, followed by a further portion of air, each of said portions of gas and air added being of sufiicient quantity to establish a momentary excess of gas or air, as the case may be, in the gas mixture.

5.` The method of conducting the combustion of gas to secure a prolonged flame of approximately uniform temperature which consists in burning a portion of the gas with an excess of air and then separately adding to the products of such combustion a further portion o gas followed by a further portion of air, and repeating said operatioiis, the volumes of the respective portions of gas and air being regulated to-that required to maintain the temperature of the stream of gases at, approximately, the temperature of the products of the initial combustion.

6. The method of conducting the combustion of gas, which comprises, preheating said gas, burning a portion of the preheated gas with an excess of air and separately adding to the resulting hot gases, an excess of preheated gas followed by an excess of air.

7.. The method of conducting the combustion of gas which comprises preheating said gas and preheating air, burning a portion of the preheated gas with a quantity of preheated air in excess of that required for the complete combustion of said portion of gas, and then adding to the so-formed mixture of hot gases additional portions of preheated gas and additional portions of preheated air, each addition of a portion of gas being followed by the addition of a portion of air, each of said portions of preheated gas and air added being of sufficient quantity to establish a momentary excess of gas or air, as the case may be, in the gas mixture.

8. The method of conducting the combustion of gas to secure a prolonged flame of approximately uniform temperature, which comprises, preheating said gas and preheating air by heat abstracted from the gaseous products of the vcombustion of said gas, burning a portionof said preheated gas with a quantity of said preheated air in excess of that required for the complete combustion of said gas to establish an initial combustion, and then adding to the products of the inigrease? tial combustion a plurality of separate por.. tions of preheated gas and preheatedair, the additions of said portions of preheated gas being alternated with the additions of said portions of preheated air, the volumes of the respective portions of preheated gas and preheated air being regulated to that required to maintain the temperature of the stream of flame gases at approximately the temperature of the products of the initial combustion.

9. The method of conducting the combustion of gas to secure a prolonged flame oi: approximately uniform temperature, which comprises preheating said gas, and preheating the volume of air required for the cornbustion of said gas, introducing a portion of the preheated gas into a relatively long combustion flue, introducing a portion of the preheated air in excess of that required to burn said portion of gas into said flue, whereby an initial combustion is established in said iiue, adding to the gases of theinitial combustion at an intermediate locality in said flue, a further portion of gas in excess, following this addition of gas by adding a further portion of air in excess, at a locality further advanced along said flue, and repeating such additions of gas and air at regular intervals along said flue, the volumes oi the respective portions of preheated gas and preheated air being regulated to that required to maintain the temperature of the stream of flue gases at approximately the temperature of the produc'ts of the initial combustion.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 16th day of January, A. D. 1911.

HENRY L. DOHERTY.

Witnesses el'. M. MCMILLIN,

FRANK L. BLACKBURN.

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