US1144887A - Combination-lock. - Google Patents

Description

N. S. G. BESHAROV.

COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. 1914.

Patented June 29, 1915.

2 $HEETSSHEET l.

fill/M 5. 6-. BES/M/POV.

4 TTORNEVS THE NORRIS PETERS CO" PHOTD-LITHIL, WASNINGTDN, D C.

N. S. G. BESHAROV.

COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION man "n.4, 1914.

1,144,887. Patented June 29, 1915.

2 $HEETSSHEET 2.

IN VE/V TOR J 6. Bis/mm A TTOR/VE Y8 WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NAUM SHAMAS GORGIS IBESHAROV, F PATERSON, NEW JERSEY.

COMBINATION-LOCK.

Application filed April 4, 1914..

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, NAUM S. G. Bnsnanov, a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of Paterson, in the county of Passaic and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Combination-Lock, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to combination locks of that type shown in United States Letters Patent 1,0l6,253, granted to me December 3, 1912, which lock is characterized by the use of a plurality of tumblers each embodying a number of gate-controlled recesses whereby it is possible to throw the bolt to locking position when recesses of all tumblers are in alinement, to permit a key or abutment to pass through the alining recesses and open the gates thereof during the act of throwing the bolt to locking position, and whereby the bolt can be retracted only when the said recesses having their gates open are in alinement so as to permit the key or abutment to pass backwardly through the said alining recesses, it being understood that after the bolt has been thrown to looking position the tumblers are turned so as to throw the open recesses out of alinenient for the purpose of preventing any one who does not know the unlocking combination to unlock or retract the bolt.

The general objects of the present invention are to improve in several respects the patented lock above referred to so as to be comparatively simple and inexpensive to n'ianufacture, thoroughly reliable and efticient in use, and so designed that tho hori zontal dimension of the lock can be materially reduced so as to be better accommodated to doors of present construction.

A further object of the invention is to improve thc construction of the tumblers so that they can be more easily manufactured, the parts easily assembled, and which are reliable in operation.

Another object is to provide an improved arrangement of bolt-throwing means whereby the bolt has a shorter range of movement than the key-carrying bar that coiiperates with the tumblers of the lock to permit the bolt to be thrown to and from locking po sition.

Another object is the employment of means in connection with the knob spindle of the bolt-operating mechanism whereby Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 29, 1915.

Serial N 0. 829,494.

it is impossible to permit the locking bolt operating mechanism to be operated from outside the door when a person at the inside of the door desires thus to control the lock.

\Vith these objects in view, and others which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention comprises various novel features of construction and arrangement of parts such as will be set forth with particularity in the following description and claims appended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and wherein similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the inner face of the door with the lock shown applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the outside of the door with the lock shown applied; Fig. 3 is an internal view of the lock with the face plate removed; Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4l, Fig. 3, to show the boltoperating spindle and adjacent parts; Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5, Fig. 3, through the tumbler mechanism; Fig. 6 is a sectional view through a door, to show the means for fastening the escutcheon or outside plate to the door; Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a knob spindle locking means; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view of that section of a tumbler which carries the gates: Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line 99, Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the gate guides; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of one of the gates; Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the two sections of a tumbler shown separated; Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view of the removable section of one of the tumblers; and Fig. 14 is a view of the gate-operating key of the tumbler mechanism.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the casing of the lock. which is shown set in a mortise or recess 1 in the inner surface 2 of a door, and on the opposite face 3 of the door is an outer plate or escutcheon 4;, which is necessary in connection with the tumbler mechanism of the lock. The main knobs 5 and 6 of the lock serve to manipulate the latch bolt 7, and the secondary knobs or grips 8 and 9 are used in connection with the tumbler mechanism for throwing and retracting the combination con trolled lock bolt 10. At the bottom, or any other suitable place of the lock, is an improved kcyeontrolled locking bolt 11 which is operated by an ordinary key insertible in the keyholes 12 and 13 in the lock casing A and plate t. The tumblers B of the lock are operable from either side of the door and for this purpose the casing A has an opening 14 in the hood 15 that covers the part of the tumblers that projects out of the front plate 16 of the lock casing A, and the escutcheon plate i has an opening 17 to expose the tum ilers B. The tumblers are of course independently rotatable and each can be engaged by the finger through the openings ll or 17 and turned in any desired direction so as to obtain the desired combination of positions, which combination is fa.- eilitated by numbers or letters arranged in the peripheries of the tumblers, and when the desired combination is obtained, the knob 8 or 9 can be turned for throwing the locking bolt 10 to locking position, and thereafter the tumblers are shifted to a different position, whereby the locking bolt cannot be. retracted by turning either knob S or f), the retraction of the bolt being possible only when the tumblers are re-set to the same combination which was employed when the bolt was thrown to locking position.

Referring to Fig. 3, the internal construction of the lock will be described. The mechanism for the latch bolt 7 is of usual construction. as is also the key-controlled lock bolt. so that it will be unnecessary to describe these parts. Mounted within the ing A and extending horizontall thereof at a position below the latch bolt i' is the locking bolt 10. which is projectable through an opening 1 in the edge face or wall 19 of the lock casing. and this bolt 10 has lugs 20 or equivalent means for limiting the throw of the bolt outwardly to locking position. The bolt has an extension 10 on which are rack teeth 20 meshing with a pinion 21 so as to be operated thereby, the meshing of the teeth of the said parts being ellected by a fixed abutment 22 engaging the side of the extension 10* opposite from the lugs 20. This pinion '21 has a squared spindle 23 passing therethrough, and on the outer ends of this spindle are the knobs or grips 8 and 9. as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The turning of the knobs is controlled by a tumbler mechanism which includes the tumblers B and a gear-carrying rack bar 24 mounted to slide vertically in the casing A, such rack bar having two sets of rack teeth 25, as clearly shown in. Fig. -l-, to mesh with gears 26 fastened to or integrally connected with the pinion Q1. The movement of the rack bar 24: is dependent upon the relative positions of the tumblers B of which there may be any desired number. A key-carrying bar 27 is fastened to the rack bar 24 and passes through the tumblers B, and on this bar is a key or abutment 28 which prevents longitudinal movement of the bars 2% and 27 unless the tumblers are in a predetermined position, as will be presently described. Fixed lugs or equivalent means 29 arranged within the body of the casing A cooperate with the wall 30 of the casing to guide the movement of the rack bar 24, and on the rack bar is a spring 31 which is adapted to engage, when in one extreme position, a lug or projection 32. and when in another extreme position :1 lug or projection 33. 11": it be assumed that the tumblers are properly adjusted to enable the locking bolt 10 to be thrown, it will be understood that when the knobs 8 are turned in a direction to move the pinion "21 and gears 26 clockwise, Fig. 3, the bolt 10 will be moved to the right and the rack bar 24 moved upwardly. After the bolt has been thrown to its extreme locking position, the tumblers B will be shifted so that it would be impossible to retract the bolt.

The tumblers B are shown as wheelshaped elements mounted on a common axle 34 supported by lugs 35 formed on the innor face 36 of the lock casing. As shown in Fig. 5, each tumbler has an opening 37 which is almost a complete circle, and ex tending through this opening is the key-carrying bar 27. This bar by engaging the ends of the circular recess or opening 37, prevents the tumblers from having a complete revolution, but they are free to move back and forth throughout the range permitted by the length of the opening 37. As shown in Fig. 12. each tumbler is made in two sections a and b, which are disk-shaped and are adapted to be fastened together by screws The disk a has a radial extension 39 by means of which the rim 40 of the tunibler is integrally connected with the disk a, the periphery of the disk being separated from the rim 40 by the annular opening 37. ()n the disk (I. is a hub 41 which enters the opening 42 in the disk 7), and through this hub 41 extends the supporting shaft or axle 34-. The body of the tumbler formed by the disks a and Z) has in its periphery spaced radial recesses 43, and for each recess is a sliding gate 44. lVhenever the tumblers are in such position that the recesses of all are in alinement, and also in the path of the key 28. the locking bolt can be thrown to looking position, as the key or abutment 98 is able to automatically open the gates of those recesses that are in the path of the said key. and these gates are adapted to be automatically held in open position by springpressed catch pins 45, arranged as shown in Fig. 8, there being one catch pin for each recess The inner or opposed faces of the sections a and 7. of the tumblers are provided with radial grooves l6 separated by triangular lugs 47, and the two sections are so assembled that the grooves 46 of one will register with the grooves of the other section and form guideways for the radially slidable gates l 2. Each gate is backed by a radial spring i as shown in Fig. 8, one end of the spring bearing on the hub ll and the other end bearing on the inner surface or shoulder i9 of the gate. Each gate is formed with a plate-like base 50 which projects beyond the sides of the body of the gate to form flanges 51. and over these flanges extend triangular plates 52 which are positioned on the lugs -17 of the section a of the tumbler. These triangular plates 52 have triangular openings 53 and the lugs 47 have triangular projections which enter the openings and thereby hold the triangular plates in position, as clearly shown in Fig. 8. hen the two sections of the tumblers are fastened together. the triangular plates are retained on their holding lugs 47, and the opposite edges of each triangu lar plate overlap the adjacent flanges ot juxtaposed gates 4 l. The lugs 47 of the two sections of a tumbler have recesses 55 that constitute chambers for receiving the catch pins 45, and the si'irings 5G urge the latter to locl'ting position when the gates are moved open, each locking pin having a shoulder 57 which limits its outward movement by eugaging the end walls 58 of the recesses 55. Each triangular plate 52 has recesses 59 to accommodate the spring 56 that is set therein. It will be observed that each locking pin has a curved beveled surface 60 so as to permit the open gate to spring to closed position as the catch pin is partially pressed in or retracted.

Br reference to Fig. 3 it will be noted that the key or abutment 98 has on its leading extremity an inclined surface 61 which, by contacting with a gate il, will move the gate inwardly until it reaches the surface 62, which surface 62 holds the gate in as far as it will go, and as the key continues its movement the inclined lateral surface 63 of the key will permit the catch pin 41.5 to move outwardly over the open gate and hold the same open while the key passes to the alining gate of the next tumbler and opens the same. The catch pins of the several gates as they are opened by the upward movement of the key will hold the gates open unt l the hey is moved downwardly, whereby the inclined surface 63 will push the catch pins laterally out of the recesses 43 and thereby release the gates and allow them to move to closed position as the key passes out of engagement with the gates. On the key-carrying bar 27 are stops or fingers 64 and 65 positioned tl at they will encounter closed gates when the key-carrying bar is raised to its full extent. as when the bolt 10 is in locking position, and after the tum blers have been turned to throw the open gates out of alinement with each other and with the ke i carryin g bar 27. Thus, any attempt to retract the locking bolt 10 from its locking position. will be prevented, because the pins or fingers 6i and (35. as well as the key 28, will engage closed gates and there by prevent operation of the locking means in a manner to unlock the bolt.

Too tree movement of the tumblers is prevented hy spring-pres ed dogs or brake shoes 66 mounted under the plate or escutcheon 'l, clearly shown in Figs. 2 and These devices 66 have knobs 67 extending outwardly through slots 68, so that they can be released from their respecti e tum 'ilers if desired. By means of these devices 66 the tumblers do not rotate too freely. and it requires a positive pressure applied to the individual tumblers to move them, and consequently, one tumliiler will not move accidentally by the contact of the fingers therewith while the fingers are attempting to move a definite tumbler.

The escutcheon or plate is preferably fastened in such a manner that it cannot be removed trom outside the door. shown in Fig. (i, the under side of the escuteheon or outer plate 4 has bosses 9 into which screws 70 passing through the door are engaged so as to Fasten the plate l in position.

It is desirable to provide means for preventing the boltoperating mechanism from being operated by any one but an authorized person, and for this purpose the knob spindle has on its inner end, but under the inner knob 8, a ratchet wheel 71 with which is adapted to engage a pawl 72. hen the pawl is in the engaged or full-line position (Fig. i) the bolt-throwing mechanism cair not be operated in a direction to throw the bolt 10 to locking position, but when the pawl 72 is raised from the ratchet wheel and held in raised position, by any suitable means, such as a spring 73 interlocking with the tooth Tloi the pawl. the knob spindle 23 can be turned in both directions. A cover plate 75, Fig. 4-, is placed over the spindle locking means 71 and "3, and connected with the pawl is a spindle 76 having an opcrating knob or equivalent means 77. On the outer plate 4% may be arranged a cover 78 which is adapted to conceal the opening 17 that exposes the tumblers B. When the tumblers are to be operated from the outside the cover 78 is raised so as to render the said tumblers accessible.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the advantages of the construction and method of operation will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention appcrtains, and while I have shown the device which I now consider to be the best embodiment thereof. I desire to have it understood that the device shown is merely illustrative and that such changes may be made when desired as are within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a lock, the combination of a reciprocable locking bolt, a spindle operatively connected with the bolt for moving the same in both directions, an element rcciprocable simultaneously with and transversely to the bolt, means for operatively connecting the spindle with the element, and a tumbler mechanism rotatable on an axis parallel with the line of movement of the element and through which the latter extends, whereby the tumbler mechanism controls the movement of the element.

2. In a lock, the combination of a horizontally movable bolt, a tumbler mechanism, a vertically movable element controlled by the said mechanism, an actuating element, a gearing between the actuating element and bolt, and a gearing between said actuating element and tumbler-controlled element.

3. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an eleinentmovable transversely thereto and having a different range of movement, :1 gearing connecting the bolt and element together for simultaneous movement, a tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of said element, and an actuating means operating through the gearing to move the bolt and element.

1. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, a pinion meshing therewith, means for turning the pinion, a gear connected rigidly to and turning with the pinion, an element meshing with the gear to be actuated thereby, and a tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of the said element.

In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an actuating means therefor, an element connected with the said means for movement simultaneously with the bolt, a tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of the said element, and locking means independent of the tumbler mechanism for preventing movement of the said actuating means.

6. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an actuating means therefor, an element connected with the said means for movement simultaneously with the bolt, a

tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of the said element, a ratchet wheel connected with the said actuating means, and a pawl. arranged to engage the ratchet wheel to prevent movement of the said actuating means in a direction to throw the bolt.

7. In a lock, the combination of a locking Copies of this patent may be obtained for belt, a tumbler mechanism including a plurality ot' separately actuated tumblers, and a manually releasable retarding device normally yieldingly engaging each tumbler.

S. In a lock, a tumbler composed of separable sections, the sections having on their opposed faces lugs which register and form radial guides, the lugs on one section being shouldered entirely around the same, plates fitted to the shoulder lugs, gates slidable in the guides and engaging under the plates, whereby the gates are assembled on one section, spring-pressed catches mounted on the lugs that receive the plates and serving to automatically hold any gate in open position, a key movable back and forth and adapted to pass any gate to open the same when the key moves in one direction, and adapted to release the catch from the open gate when the key moves in the opposite direction, and a bolt controlled by the tumbler.

9. In a lock, a tumbler composed of separable sections, each section having on its opposed face triangular lugs arranged to register when the sections are fastened together to form radial guideways, said sections be ing provided with recesses on their peripheries adapted to be traversed by a key, gates slidably mounted in the said guideways, triangular plates rcmovably mounted on the lugs of one section and extending beyond the sides of the said lugs, said gates having flanges engaging under the extending side portions of the said plates, spring-pressed catches mounted between the lugs of both sections to automatically hoid any gate in open position. a key mounted to move back and forth and adapted to MISS through any desired recess of the tum ler to open the gate thereof by one movement and to release the catch from the said open gates by movement in the opposite direction, and a bolt controlled by the movement of the said key.

10. In a lock, the combination of a reciprocable locking bolt, a spindle, a gear and rack operatively connecting the spindle and bolt for moving the latter in both directions, an element reciprocable simultaneously with and transversely to the bolt, a gear and rack operatively connecting the said element and spindle, and a tumbler mechanism for controlling the movement of the element and therethrough the movement of the bolt.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NAUM SHAMAS GORGIS BESIIAROV.

\Vitnesses LEON TERNAMIAN, I Kon'rz OTGHY.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

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