US11421349B2 - Photoactivatable fibers and fabric media - Google Patents

Abstract

In various aspects, the present disclosure relates to fibers and fabric media comprising photoactivatable agents and to fibers and fabric media that are photoactivatable by photoactivation of the photoactivatable agents. In some instances, the fibers and the fabric media have photoactivatable agents present on their surface (e.g., the fiber/fabric is coated or sprayed with the photoactivatable agents or the fiber/fabric is dipped into a composition or a formulation comprising the photoactivatable agent). In other instances, the photoactivatable agents are incorporated into the materials making the fibers (e.g., the photoactivatable agents are mixed/compounded with the materials making the fibers). The photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least photoactivatable agent that absorbs and emits light between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/CA2015/051118, filed on Oct. 30, 2015, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/073,795; filed Oct. 31, 2014. The entire contents of each of the foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. International Application No. PCT/CA2015/051118 was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present disclosure generally relates to photoactivatable fibers and fabric media comprising photoactivable agents, to methods of forming such photoactivatable fibers and fabric media, and to potential uses thereof.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Phototherapy has been recognized as having a wide range of applications in both the medical and cosmetic fields including use in surgery, therapy and diagnostics. For example, phototherapy has been used to treat cancers and tumors with lessened invasiveness, to disinfect target sites as an antimicrobial treatment, to treat skin conditions and to promote wound healing.

For these applications, phototherapy has typically been achieved using photoactivatable formulations and/or composition comprising photoactivatable agents capable of absorbing and/or emitting light. These photoactivatable formulations and/or compositions have typically been prepared and/or used as liquids or semi-liquids (e.g., gels, pastes, creams and the like). Due to their liquid and/or semi-liquid texture, some of these photoactivatable formulations and/or compositions exhibit leaching of the photoactivating agents out of the formulations and/or compositions. Also, these formulations and/or compositions require a support/surface onto which they can be are applied. Because they tend to spread and/or dilute in contact with fluids, some liquid and semi-liquid photoactivatable formulations and/or compositions require multiple applications onto the surface to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, the present disclosure relates to photoactivatable formulations having features that may present additional advantages over the photoactivatable formulations known to date. Such features may be useful in phototherapy and may contribute to a wider industrial applicability of the photoactivatable formulations.

SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to a photoactivatable fiber comprising: at least one thermoplastic polymer, and at least one photoactivatable agent; wherein the at least one photoactivatable agent absorbs and emits light between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to a photoactivatable fabric comprising a plurality of fibers composed of at least one thermoplastic polymer; and at least one photoactivatable agent, wherein the at least one photoactivatable agent absorbs and emits light between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to an article of manufacture comprising a photoactivatable fabric, wherein the photoactivatable fabric comprises: a) a plurality of fibers composed of at least one thermoplastic polymer; and b) at least one photoactivatable agent, wherein the at least one photoactivatable agent absorbs and emits light between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method for effecting phototherapy on a subject, the method comprising applying a photoactivatable fiber as defined herein onto the subject; and illuminating the photoactivatable fiber with light having a wavelength that overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the photoactivatable agent.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method for effecting phototherapy on a subject, the method comprising applying a photoactivatable fabric as defined herein onto the subject; and illuminating the photoactivatable fabric with light having a wavelength that overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the photoactivatable agent.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method for effecting phototherapy on a subject, the method comprising applying an article of manufacture as defined herein onto the subject; and illuminating the article of manufacture with light having a wavelength that overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the photoactivatable agent.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to the use of a photoactivatable fiber as defined herein for effecting phototherapy to a subject.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to the use of a photoactivatable fabric as defined herein for effecting phototherapy to a subject.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to the use of an article of manufacture as defined herein for effecting phototherapy to a subject.

According to various aspects, the present disclosure relates to an article of manufacture comprising a first photoactivatable fabric; and a second photoactivatable fabric; wherein the first and second photoactivatable fabrics are associated with one another and comprise at least one photoactivatable agent that absorbs and emits light between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIGS. 1A-1C. FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic representation of an extruder process used in the preparation of the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure. FIG. 1B illustrates a picture of a cross-sectional view of fibers prepared by the extrusion process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (FIG. 1B showing the core of the fibers). FIG. 1C illustrates a picture of a cross-sectional view of fibers prepared by extrusion process according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the fibers have a sheath and a core.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate graphs showing the fluorescence emission over time of a photoactivatable agent present in nylon fibers (FIG. 2A), PBT fibers (FIG. 2B), and PMMA fibers (FIG. 2C). FIG. 2D illustrates a graph comparing the effect of the polymers tested on fluorescence emission over time of the photoactivatable agents.

FIG. 3 illustrates a graph comparing the leaching of Eosin out of the indicated photoactivatable fibers according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a graph showing the effect of addition of a lubricant to fluorescence emission by Eosin Y in solution.

FIGS. 5A-5B. FIG. 5A illustrates a graph showing the effect of the presence of a lubricant on fluorescence emission of different concentrations of Eosin Y. FIG. 5B illustrates a graph comparing the effect of the presence of a lubricant on fluorescence emission of Eosin Y and on fluorescence emission of fluorescein.

FIGS. 6A-6B. FIG. 6A illustrates a graph comparing the fluorescence emission over time of a photoactivatable polypropylene fiber according to the present disclosure having 2, 4 or 6 layers of a EosinY:fluorescein composition on its surface. FIG. 6B illustrates a graph comparing the fluorescence emission over time of a photoactivatable nylon fiber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure having 2, 4 or 6 layers of a fluorescein composition on its surface.

FIG. 7 illustrates a graph comparing the fluorescence emission of over time of photoactivatable nylon fibers according to one embodiment of the present disclosure having the photoactivatable agent present inside of the photoactivatable nylon fibers (inner) or on the surface (outer).

FIGS. 8A-8F illustrate pictures of the fluorescence emission of photoactivatable polypropylene fibers according to one embodiment of the present disclosure which were dipped in a solution of Eosin Y (0.1 g/L). FIGS. 8A and 8B show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after one day wherein the fibers were not emerged in water. FIGS. 8C and 8D show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after three days wherein the fibers were not emerged in water. FIGS. 8E and 8F show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after three days emerged in water.

FIGS. 9A-9P illustrate pictures of the fluorescence emission under blue lamp of fibers dipped in a solution of photoactivatable agents, i.e., commercial dental fibers in Eosin Y 50 g/L (FIGS. 9A-9B); commercial dental fibers in Eosin Y 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9C-9D); commercial dental fibers in fluorescein 50 g/L (FIGS. 9E-19F), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9G-9H), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein:Eosin Y 50 g/L (FIG. 9I-9J), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein:Eosin Y 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9K-9L), polypropylene fibers in fluorescein 50 g/L (FIGS. 9M-9N), polypropylene fibers in fluorescein 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9O-9P).

FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic representation of a process for the preparation of photoactivatable fabrics according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 11A-11B. FIG. 11A illustrates a schematic representation of an article of manufacture, in occurrence a suit-like garment, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11B illustrates a picture of a suit-like garment prepared with the photoactivatable fabrics according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In various aspects, the present disclosure relates to fibers and fabric media comprising photoactivatable agents and to fibers and fabric media that are photoactivatable by photoactivation of the photoactivatable agents. In some instances, the fibers and the fabric media have photoactivatable agents present on their surface (e.g., the fiber/fabric is coated or sprayed with the photoactivatable agents or the fiber/fabric is dipped into a composition or a formulation comprising the photoactivatable agent). In other instances, the photoactivatable agents are incorporated into the materials making the fibers (e.g., the photoactivatable agents are mixed/compounded with the materials making the fibers). In some other implementations, the photoactivatable agents are present both on the surface of the fiber/fabric and incorporated/compounded into the materials making the fibers.

In some instances, the fibers are, but not limited to, synthetic fibers, natural fibers, and textile fibers. For example, synthetic fibers may be made from a polymer or a combination of different polymers. In some instances, the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.

As used herein, the term “fiber” relates to a string or a thread or a filament used as a component of composite materials. Fibers may be used in the manufacture of other materials such as for example, but not limited to, fabrics.

In some instances, the polymer is acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polybenzimidazole (PBI), polycarbonate, polyether sulfone (PES), polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), teflon, polybutylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), nylon, polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate polyester, polyurethane, rayons, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or from any mixture thereof.

In some other instances, the fibers may be made from glycolic acid, copolymer lactide/glycolide, polyester polymer, copolymer polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate, natural protein fiber, cellulose fiber, polyamide polymer, polymer of polypropylene, polymer of polyethylene, nylon, polymer of polylactic acid, polymer of polybutylene terephthalate, polyester, copolymer polyglycol, polybutylene, polymer of poly methyl methacrylate, or from any mixture thereof.

In some implementations, the fibers of the present disclosure may be coextruded fibers that have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually as a core-sheath or side-by-side.

In some implementations, the fibers may be composed of a single strand (mono-filament) or may be composed of a plurality of strands (multi-filaments). The photoactivatable fibers that are multifilament may also be intertwined or braided or twisted (i.e., the multifilaments are intertwined, braided or twisted to form the fibers).

In some implementations, the diameter of the photoactivatable fiber define herein (taken individually, monofilament) varies between about 15 microns and about 500 microns, between about 25 microns and about 500 microns, between about 50 microns and 400 microns, between about 50 microns and about 300 microns, preferably between about 50 microns and about 250 microns, preferably between about 75 microns and about 300 microns, and most preferably between about 75 microns and about 250 microns. In some specific implementations, the diameter of the photoactivatable fibers defined herein is about 15 microns, about 20 microns, about 25 microns, about 50 microns, about 75 microns, about 100 microns, about 125 microns, about 150 microns, about 175 microns, about 200 microns, about 225 microns, about 250 microns, about 250 microns, about 275 microns, about 300 microns, about 325 microns, about 350 microns, about 375 microns, about 400 microns, about 425 microns, about 450 microns, about 475 microns, about 500 microns. In some instances, the diameter of the photoactivatable fibers defined herein (taken individually) is about 31 microns.

In some implementations, the photoactivatable fibers defined herein show a medium to high resistance to mechanical pulling and stretching forces. In some implementations, the photoactivatable fibers defined here are resilient and have the ability to stretch and to reform to their original size and shape.

In some implementations, the photoactivatable fibers have a linear mass density of between about 400 and about 480 Deniers, between about 410 and about 470 Deniers, between about 420 and about 460 Deniers, between about 420 and about 450 Deniers, or about 428 Deniers. As used herein, the term “Denier” refers to a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers, is defined as the mass in grams per 9000 meters.

In some implementations, the fibers defined herein maintain their length and degree of flexibility and windability. In other implementation the stretch fibers may be lubricated to wind and unwind without damage being inflicted on the fibers due to the winding and the unwinding process. In some instance, the fibers have a tensile strength that allows the fibers to be stretched so as to reach a minimum diameter at least half, one third, one fourth, one fifth, one sixth, one seventh, one eight, one ninth, or one tenth of the original diameter.

FIG. 1A illustrates is a schematic representation of an example of a process for preparing photoactivatable fibers according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this example, an extrusion process is used wherein polymer pellets are melted and extruded and then pulled into a fiber while still hot. During this process a solution of photoactivatable agents in water and oil is sprayed onto the polymer while it is still hot. The fibers are then spun onto a bobbin for storage and ease of use. In some instances, the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure are prepared using a TEM co-rotating twin screw extruder.

In some implementations, the photoactivatable agent is a chemical compound which, when exposed to the light is photoexcited and can then transfer its energy to other molecules or emit it as light, such as for example fluorescence. For example, in some instances, the photoactivable agent when photoexcited by the light may transfer its energy to enhance or accelerate light dispersion or to other molecules such as oxidants to release oxygen radicals. Examples of photoactivable agents include, but are not limited to, fluorescent compounds (or stains) (also known as “fluorochromes” or “fluorophores” or “chromophores”). Other dye groups or dyes (biological and histological dyes, food colorings, carotenoids, and other dyes) can also be used. Suitable photoactivatable agent can be those that are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS).

In certain implementations, the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure comprise a first photoactivatable agent. In some implementations, the first photoactivatable agent absorbs at a wavelength in the range of the visible spectrum, such as at a wavelength of about 380 nm to about 800 nm, about 380 nm to about 700, about 400 nm to about 800, or about 380 nm to about 600 nm. In other embodiments, the first photoactivating agent absorbs at a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 800 nm, of about 200 nm to about 700 nm, of about 200 nm to about 600 nm or of about 200 nm to about 500 nm. In one embodiment, the first photoactivatable agent absorbs at a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 600 nm. In some embodiments, the first photoactivatable agent absorbs light at a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 300 nm, of about 250 nm to about 350 nm, of about 300 nm to about 400 nm, of about 350 nm to about 450 nm, of about 400 nm to about 500 nm, of about 450 nm to about 650 nm, of about 600 nm to about 700 nm, of about 650 nm to about 750 nm or of about 700 nm to about 800 nm.

In some implementations, the photoactivatable agents emit light within the range of about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

The photoactivatable fibers disclosed herein may include at least one additional photoactivatable agent. Combining photoactivatable agents may increase photo-absorption by the combined dye molecules and enhance absorption and photo-biomodulation selectivity. Thus, in certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers of the disclosure include more than one photoactivatable agent.

In the implementations wherein the photoactivatable fibers have the photoactivatable agent on their surface (i.e., the surface of the fibers that is in contact with the surrounding environment of the fiber), such photoactivatable fibers may be prepared by being dipped into a photoactivatable agent composition comprising one or more photoactivatable agents and a carrier material such as, but not limited to, water.

In other implementations wherein the photoactivatable fibers have the photoactivatable agent on their surface (i.e., the surface of the fibers that is in contact with the surrounding environment of the fiber), such photoactivatable fibers may be prepared by being sprayed with a photoactivatable agent composition comprising one or more photoactivatable agents and a carrier material.

In some specific examples, the photoactivatable agent composition has a consistency that allows the fibers to be dipped into the composition. In some specific examples, the photoactivatable agent composition is in a liquid or semi-liquid form.

The carrier material may be any liquid or semi liquid material that is compatible with the photoactivatable agent that is any material that does not affect the photoactive properties of the photoactivatable agent, such as, for example, water. In some other specific examples, the photoactivatable agent composition has a consistency that allows the photoactivatable agent composition to be sprayed onto the fibers.

In the implementations wherein the photoactivatable fibers have the photoactivatable agent incorporated into the fibers, the photoactivatable fibers are prepared by incorporating the photoactivatable agent into the fiber composition. In some examples, the photoactivatable fibers are prepared by extrusion. In some specific implementations, the photoactivatable fibers are prepared by a process which uses spinning. The spinning may be wet, dry, dry jet-wet, melt, gel, or electrospinning. The polymer being spun may be converted into a fluid state. If the polymer is a thermoplastic then it may be melted, otherwise it may be dissolved in a solvent or may be chemically treated to form soluble or thermoplastic derivatives. The molten polymer is then forced through the spinneret, and then it cools to a rubbery state, and then a solidified state. If a polymer solution is used, then the solvent is removed after being forced through the spinneret. A composition of the photoactivatable agent may be added to the polymer in the fluid state or to the melted polymer or to the polymer dissolved into a solvent. Melt spinning may be used for polymers that can be melted. The polymer having the photoactivatable agents dispersed therein solidifies by cooling after being extruded from the spinneret.

The photoactivatable agent may be uniformly or a non-uniformly distributed within the photoactivatable fibers. When the photoactivatable ingredient is uniformly distributed in the photoactivatable fibers, the concentration of photoactivatable agent in the photoactivatable fibers is steady as the photoactivatable fibers disintegrate, whereas when the photoactivatable agent is not uniformly distributed within the photoactivatable fibers, the concentration of the photoactivatable agent in the photoactivatable fibers varies as the photoactivatable fibers disintegrate.

The concentration of the photoactivatable agent to be used may be selected based on the desired intensity and duration of the photoactivity to be emitted from the photoactivatable fibers, and on the desired phototherapeutic, medical or cosmetic effect. For example, some dyes such as xanthene dyes reach a ‘saturation concentration’ after which further increases in concentration do not provide substantially higher emitted fluorescence. Further increasing the photoactivatable agent concentration above the saturation concentration can reduce the amount of activating light passing through the photoactivatable fibers. Therefore, if more fluorescence is required for a certain application than activating light, a high concentration of photoactivatable agent can be used. However, if a balance is required between the emitted fluorescence and the activating light, a concentration close to or lower than the saturation concentration can be chosen.

Suitable photoactivatable agent that may be used in the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to the following:

Chlorophyll dyes—chlorophyll dyes include but are not limited to chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; chlorophyllin; bacteriochlorophyll a; bacteriochlorophyll b; bacteriochlorophyll c; bacteriochlorophyll d; protochlorophyll; protochlorophyll a; amphiphilic chlorophyll derivative 1; and amphiphilic chlorophyll derivative 2.

Xanthene derivatives—xanthene dyes include but are not limited to eosin, eosin B (4′,5′-dibromo, 2′,7′-dinitr-o-fluorescein, dianion); eosin Y; eosin Y (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-fluorescein, dianion) methyl ester; eosin (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-fluorescein, monoanion) p-isopropylbenzyl ester; eosin derivative (2′,7′-dibromo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (4′,5′-dibromo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (2′,7′-dichloro-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (4′,5′-dichloro-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (2′,7′-diiodo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (4′,5′-diiodo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (tribromo-fluorescein, dianion); eosin derivative (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrachlor-o-fluorescein, dianion); eosin dicetylpyridinium chloride ion pair; erythrosin B (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodo-fluorescein, dianion); erythrosin; erythrosin dianion; erythiosin B; fluorescein; fluorescein dianion; phloxin B (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-fluorescein, dianion); phloxin B (tetrachloro-tetrabromo-fluorescein); phloxine B; rose bengal (3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodofluorescein, dianion); pyronin G, pyronin J, pyronin Y; Rhodamine dyes such as rhodamines that include, but are not limited to, 4,5-dibromo-rhodamine methyl ester; 4,5-dibromo-rhodamine n-butyl ester; rhodamine 101 methyl ester; rhodamine 123; rhodamine 6G; rhodamine 6G hexyl ester; tetrabromo-rhodamine 123; and tetramethyl-rhodamine ethyl ester.

Methylene blue dyes—methylene blue derivatives include, but are not limited to, 1-methyl methylene blue; 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue; methylene blue; methylene blue (16 μM); methylene blue (14 μM); methylene violet; bromomethylene violet; 4-iodomethylene violet; 1,9-dimethyl-3-dimethyl-amino-7-diethyl-a-mino-phenothiazine; and 1,9-dimethyl-3-diethylamino-7-dibutyl-amino-phenot-hiazine.

Azo dyes—azo (or diazo-) dyes include but are not limited to methyl violet, neutral red, para red (pigment red 1), amaranth (Azorubine S), Carmoisine (azorubine, food red 3, acid red 14), allura red AC (FD&C 40), tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5), orange G (acid orange 10), Ponceau 4R (food red 7), methyl red (acid red 2), and murexide-ammonium purpurate.

In some aspects of the disclosure, the one or more photoactivatable agents of the photoactivatable fibers disclosed herein can be independently selected from any of Acid black 1, Acid blue 22, Acid blue 93, Acid fuchsin, Acid green, Acid green 1, Acid green 5, Acid magenta, Acid orange 10, Acid red 26, Acid red 29, Acid red 44, Acid red 51, Acid red 66, Acid red 87, Acid red 91, Acid red 92, Acid red 94, Acid red 101, Acid red 103, Acid roseine, Acid rubin, Acid violet 19, Acid yellow 1, Acid yellow 9, Acid yellow 23, Acid yellow 24, Acid yellow 36, Acid yellow 73, Acid yellow S, Acridine orange, Acriflavine, Alcian blue, Alcian yellow, Alcohol soluble eosin, Alizarin, Alizarin blue 2RC, Alizarin carmine, Alizarin cyanin BBS, Alizarol cyanin R, Alizarin red S, Alizarin purpurin, Aluminon, Amido black 10B, Amidoschwarz, Aniline blue WS, Anthracene blue SWR, Auramine O, Azocannine B, Azocarmine G, Azoic diazo 5, Azoic diazo 48, Azure A, Azure B, Azure C, Basic blue 8, Basic blue 9, Basic blue 12, Basic blue 15, Basic blue 17, Basic blue 20, Basic blue 26, Basic brown 1, Basic fuchsin, Basic green 4, Basic orange 14, Basic red 2, Basic red 5, Basic red 9, Basic violet 2, Basic violet 3, Basic violet 4, Basic violet 10, Basic violet 14, Basic yellow 1, Basic yellow 2, Biebrich scarlet, Bismarck brown Y, Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R, Calcium red, Carmine, Carminic acid, Celestine blue B, China blue, Cochineal, Coelestine blue, Chrome violet CG, Chromotrope 2R, Chromoxane cyanin R, Congo corinth, Congo red, Cotton blue, Cotton red, Croceine scarlet, Crocin, Crystal ponceau 6R, Crystal violet, Dahlia, Diamond green B, Direct blue 14, Direct blue 58, Direct red, Direct red 10, Direct red 28, Direct red 80, Direct yellow 7, Eosin B, Eosin Bluish, Eosin, Eosin Y, Eosin yellowish, Eosinol, Erie garnet B, Eriochrome cyanin R, Erythrosin B, Ethyl eosin, Ethyl green, Ethyl violet, Evans blue, Fast blue B, Fast green FCF, Fast red B, Fast yellow, Fluorescein, Food green 3, Gallein, Gallamine blue, Gallocyanin, Gentian violet, Haematein, Haematine, Haematoxylin, Helio fast rubin BBL, Helvetia blue, Hematein, Hematine, Hematoxylin, Hoffman's violet, Imperial red, Indocyanin Green, Ingrain blue, Ingrain blue 1, Ingrain yellow 1, INT, Kermes, Kermesic acid, Kernechtrot, Lac, Laccaic acid, Lauth's violet, Light green, Lissamine green SF, Luxol fast blue, Magenta 0, Magenta I, Magenta II, Magenta III, Malachite green, Manchester brown, Martius yellow, Merbromin, Mercurochrome, Metanil yellow, Methylene azure A, Methylene azure B, Methylene azure C, Methylene blue, Methyl blue, Methyl green, Methyl violet, Methyl violet 2B, Methyl violet 10B, Mordant blue 3, Mordant blue 10, Mordant blue 14, Mordant blue 23, Mordant blue 32, Mordant blue 45, Mordant red 3, Mordant red 11, Mordant violet 25, Mordant violet 39 Naphthol blue black, Naphthol green B, Naphthol yellow S, Natural black 1, Natural green 3(chlorophyllin), Natural red, Natural red 3, Natural red 4, Natural red 8, Natural red 16, Natural red 25, Natural red 28, Natural yellow 6, NBT, Neutral red, New fuchsin, Niagara blue 3B, Night blue, Nile blue, Nile blue A, Nile blue oxazone, Nile blue sulphate, Nile red, Nitro BT, Nitro blue tetrazolium, Nuclear fast red, Oil red O, Orange G, Orcein, Pararosanilin, Phloxine B, Picric acid, Ponceau 2R, Ponceau 6R, Ponceau B, Ponceau de Xylidine, Ponceau S, Primula, Purpurin, Pyronin B, phycobilins, Phycocyanins, Phycoerythrins. Phycoerythrincyanin (PEC), Phthalocyanines, Pyronin G, Pyronin Y, Quinine, Rhodamine B, Rosanilin, Rose bengal, Saffron, Safranin O, Scarlet R, Scarlet red, Scharlach R, Shellac, Sirius red F3B, Solochrome cyanin R, Soluble blue, Solvent black 3, Solvent blue 38, Solvent red 23, Solvent red 24, Solvent red 27, Solvent red 45, Solvent yellow 94, Spirit soluble eosin, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Sudan black B, Sulfur yellow S, Swiss blue, Tartrazine, Thioflavine S, Thioflavine T, Thionin, Toluidine blue, Toluyline red, Tropaeolin G, Trypaflavine, Trypan blue, Uranin, Victoria blue 4R, Victoria blue B, Victoria green B, Vitamin B, Water blue I, Water soluble eosin, Xylidine ponceau, or Yellowish eosin.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure may include any of the photoactivatable agents listed above, or a combination thereof, so as to provide a synergistic biophotonic effect. For example, the following synergistic combinations of photoactivatable agents may be used: Eosin Y and Fluorescein; Fluorescein and Rose Bengal; Erythrosine in combination with Eosin Y, Rose Bengal or Fluorescein; Phloxine B in combination with one or more of Eosin Y, Rose Bengal, Fluorescein and Erythrosine; Eosin Y, Fluorescein and Rose Bengal.

In some examples, the photoactivatable agent is present in the photoactivatable agent composition at a concentration of about 100 g/L, about 50 g/L, about 10 g/L, about 5 g/L, about 1 g/L or about 0.1 g/L of the total volume. Preferably, the photoactivatable agent is present in the photoactivatable agent composition at a concentration of between about 10 g/L and about 100 g/L. In some instances, the photoactivatable agent is present in the photoactivatable agent composition at a concentration that is lower than 0.1 g/L, for example, the photoactivatable agent is present in the photoactivatable agent composition at a concentration in the milligram/L or in the microgram/L range.

In some embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure comprise a lubricant. In some instances, the lubricant is coated onto the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure. In some instances, the lubricant is treatment oil, such as but not limited to Polyethylene glycol esters (e.g., Lurol Oil™). Without wishing to be bound by theory, the addition of a lubricant to the surface of the fibers improves the retention of the composition of photoactivatable agents onto the fibers. For example, the lubricant improves the hydrophilicity of the polymer so that it increases the absorption of the solution of photoactivatable agent.

In some implementations, there is less than about 15% leaching of the photoactivatable agent out of the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure, more preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 4%, more preferably less than 3%, more preferably less than 2%, more preferably less than 1%, or even more preferably substantially no leaching of the photoactivatable agent out of the photoactivatable fibers. Leaching of the photoactivatable agent out of the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure may be assessed by placing 0.1 g of the photoactivatable fibers in 10 ml of water for 1 day and by then measuring the amount of photoactivatable agent in the water.

In some implementations, the photoactivatable fibers as defined herein may be woven into a fabric material resulting in a photoactivatable fabric comprising a plurality of photoactivatable fibers. In some implementations, the photoactivatable fabric comprising the photoactivatable fibers exhibits substantially no leaching of the photoactivatable agent.

As used herein, the term “fabric” relates to a woven material composed of a network of fibers or to a non-woven (e.g., spunbound) material composed of fibers. Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Similar methods are knitting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. Non-woven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fiber or filaments mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat or tufted porous sheets that are made directly from separate fibers, molten plastic or plastic film. They are not made by weaving or knitting and do not require converting the fibers to yarn.

In some examples, the fabric material may be used in the fabrication of an article of manufacture such as, but not limited to, a garment, an article of clothing, a wound dressing, a towel, bedding, and the like. In some implementation the garment may be a shirt, pants, glove, mask, socks, or the like. In some instances, the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure are woven into a fabric material is a suit or a suit-like garment.

In the implementations wherein the photoactivatable agents are compounded with the polymer of the fibers, the fabric made from such fibers is also photoactivatable. Whereas in the implementations wherein the photoactivatable agents are not compounded with the polymer of the fibers, the fabric made from such fibers may be coated or dipped or sprayed with a photoactivatable agent composition to render the fabric photoactivatable.

In some other examples, the photoactivatable fabric may be a nonwoven photoactivatable fabric such as but not limited to a spunbound fabric. Spunbond fabrics may be produced by depositing extruded, spun filaments onto a collecting belt in a uniform random manner followed by bonding the fibers. The fibers may be separated during the web laying process by air jets or electrostatic charges. The collecting surface is usually perforated to prevent the air stream from deflecting and carrying the fibers in an uncontrolled manner. Bonding imparts strength and integrity to the web by applying heated rolls or hot needles to partially melt the polymer and fuse the fibers together. In general, high molecular weight and broad molecular weight distribution polymers such as, but not limited to, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyurethane, and rayons may be used in the manufacture of spunbound fabrics. In some instances, spunbound fabrics may be composed of a mixture of polymers. A lower melting polymer can function as the binder which may be a separate fiber interspersed with higher melting fibers, or two polymers may be combined into a single fiber type. In the latter case the so-called bi-component fibers possess a lower melting component, which acts as a sheath covering over a higher melting core. Bicomponent fibers may also spun by extrusion of two adjacent polymers.

In some instances, spunbonding may combine fiber spinning with web formation by placing the bonding device in line with spinning. In some arrangements the web may be bonded in a separate step. The spinning process may be similar to the production of continuous filament yarns and may utilize similar extruder conditions for a given polymer. Fibers are formed as the molten polymer exits the spinnerets and is quenched by cool air. The objective of the process is to produce a wide web and, therefore, many spinnerets are placed side by side to generate sufficient fibers across the total width.

Before deposition on a moving belt or screen, the output of a spinneret usually includes a plurality of individual filaments which must be attenuated to orient molecular chains within the fibers to increase fiber strength and decrease extensibility. This is accomplished by rapidly stretching the plastic fibers immediately after exiting the spinneret. In practice the fibers are accelerated either mechanically or pneumatically. The web is formed by the pneumatic deposition of the filament bundles onto the moving belt. A pneumatic gun uses high-pressure air to move the filaments through a constricted area of lower pressure, but higher velocity as in a venturi tube. In order for the web to achieve maximum uniformity and cover, individual filaments are separated before reaching the belt. This is accomplished by inducing an electrostatic charge onto the bundle while under tension and before deposition. The charge may be induced triboelectrically or by applying a high voltage charge. The belt is usually made of an electrically grounded conductive wire. Upon deposition, the belt discharges the filaments. Webs produced by spinning linearly arranged filaments through a so-called slot die eliminating the need for such bundle separating devices.

Many methods can be used to bond the fibers in the spun web. These include mechanical needling, thermal bonding, and chemical bonding. The last two may bond large regions (area bonding) or small regions (point bonding) of the web by fusion or adhesion of fibers. Point bonding results in the fusion of fibers at points, with fibers between the point bonds remaining relatively free. Other methods used with staple fiber webs, but not routinely with continuous filament webs include stitch bonding, ultrasonic fusing, and hydraulic entanglement.

The photoactivatable fabrics of the present disclosure preferably have a thickness that allows light to reach the photoactivatable agents embedded in the fibers of the fabric and for the light emitted by the photoactivatable agents to exit the fabric.

In some embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers and the photoactivatable fabrics of the present disclosure may have cosmetic and/or medical benefits.

In some implementations of these embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers and the photoactivatable fabrics may be used to promote prevention and/or treatment of a tissue or an organ and/or to treat a tissue or an organ of a subject in need of phototherapy.

In some instances, the photoactivatable fibers and/fabrics of the present disclosure may be used to promote treatment of a skin disorder such as acne, eczema, dermatitis or psoriasis, promote tissue repair, and modulate inflammation, modulate collagen synthesis, reduce or avoid scarring, for cosmesis, or promote wound healing. They can be used to treat acute inflammation. Acute inflammation can present itself as pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function, and includes inflammatory responses such as those seen in allergic reactions such as those to insect bites e.g.; mosquito, bees, wasps, poison ivy, or post-ablative treatment.

In certain instance, the photoactivatable fibers and/fabrics of the present disclosure may provide treatment of a skin disorder, preventing or treating scarring, and/or accelerating wound healing and/or tissue repair.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be used to promote wound healing. In this case, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be applied at wound site as deemed appropriate by the physician or other health care providers. In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be used following wound closure to optimize scar revision. In this case, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be applied at regular intervals such as once a week, or at an interval deemed appropriate by the physician or other health care providers.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be used following acne treatment to maintain the condition of the treated skin. In this case, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be applied at regular intervals such as once a week, or at an interval deemed appropriate by the physician or other health care providers.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics may be used following ablative skin treatment to maintain the condition of the treated skin.

The photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure may be used to treat skin disorders that include, but are not limited to, erythema, telangiectasia, actinic telangiectasia, basal cell carcinoma, contact dermatitis, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, genital warts, hidradenitis suppurativa, melanoma, merkel cell carcinoma, nummular dermatitis, molloscum contagiosum, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rosacea, scabies, scalp psoriasis, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic keratosis, shingles, tinea versicolor, warts, skin cancer, pemphigus, sunburn, dermatitis, eczema, rashes, impetigo, lichen simplex chronicus, rhinophyma, perioral dermatitis, pseudofolliculitis barbae, drug eruptions, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, granuloma annulare, actinic keratosis, purpura, alopecia areata, aphthous stomatitis, dry skin, chapping, xerosis, fungal infections, herpes simplex, intertrigo, keloids, keratoses, milia, moluscum contagiosum, pityriasis rosea, pruritus, urticaria, and vascular tumors and malformations. Dermatitis includes contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, and statis dermatitis. Skin cancers include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

The photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure may be used to treat acne. As used herein, “acne” means a disorder of the skin caused by inflammation of skin glands or hair follicles. The photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the disclosure can be used to treat acne at early pre-emergent stages or later stages where lesions from acne are visible. Mild, moderate and severe acne can be treated with embodiments of photoactivatable fibers or fabrics. Early pre-emergent stages of acne usually begin with an excessive secretion of sebum or dermal oil from the sebaceous glands located in the pilosebaceous apparatus. Sebum reaches the skin surface through the duct of the hair follicle. The presence of excessive amounts of sebum in the duct and on the skin tends to obstruct or stagnate the normal flow of sebum from the follicular duct, thus producing a thickening and solidification of the sebum to create a solid plug known as a comedone. In the normal sequence of developing acne, hyperkeratinazation of the follicular opening is stimulated, thus completing blocking of the duct. The usual results are papules, pustules, or cysts, often contaminated with bacteria, which cause secondary infections. Acne is characterized particularly by the presence of comedones, inflammatory papules, or cysts. The appearance of acne may range from slight skin irritation to pitting and even the development of disfiguring scars. Accordingly, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure can be used to treat one or more of skin irritation, pitting, development of scars, comedones, inflammatory papules, cysts, hyperkeratinazation, and thickening and hardening of sebum associated with acne.

Some skin disorders present various symptoms including redness, flushing, burning, scaling, pimples, papules, pustules, comedones, macules, nodules, vesicles, blisters, telangiectasia, spider veins, sores, surface irritations or pain, itching, inflammation, red, purple, or blue patches or discolorations, moles, and/or tumors.

The photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure may be used to treat various types of acne. Some types of acne include, for example, acne vulgaris, cystic acne, acne atrophica, bromide acne, chlorine acne, acne conglobata, acne cosmetica, acne detergicans, epidemic acne, acne estivalis, acne fulminans, halogen acne, acne indurata, iodide acne, acne keloid, acne mechanica, acne papulosa, pomade acne, premenstral acne, acne pustulosa, acne scorbutica, acne scrofulosorum, acne urticata, acne varioliformis, acne venenata, propionic acne, acne excoriee, gram negative acne, steroid acne, and nodulocystic acne.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure are used in conjunction with systemic or topical antibiotic treatment. For example, antibiotics used to treat acne include tetracycline, erythromycin, minocycline, doxycycline. In some implementations, the article of manufacture being composed of the photoactivatable fabric of the present disclosure may have an anti-infective effect, for example when used in the treatment of a wound to prevent infection and/or re-infection of the wound by bacteria or by other infective agents.

The photoactivatable fibers or fabrics of the present disclosure may be used to treat wounds, promote wound healing, promote tissue repair and/or prevent or reduce cosmesis including improvement of motor function (e.g. movement of joints). Wounds that may be treated by the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure include, for example, injuries to the skin and subcutaneous tissue initiated in different ways (e.g., pressure ulcers from extended bed rest, wounds induced by trauma or surgery, burns, ulcers linked to diabetes or venous insufficiency) and with varying characteristics. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides photoactivatable fibers or fabrics for treating and/or promoting the healing of, for example, burns, incisions, excisions, lesions, lacerations, abrasions, puncture or penetrating wounds, surgical wounds, contusions, hematomas, crushing injuries, amputations, sores and ulcers.

In some embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure may be used in a method for effecting phototherapy on a subject, such as on a tissue and/or an organ of the subject. Such method comprises the step of applying a photoactivatable fibers and fabric as defined herein onto the subject or onto the tissue or the organ in need of phototherapy and the step of illuminating the photoactivatable fiber and fabric with light having a wavelength that overlaps with that overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the photoactivatable agent.

In certain instances, the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure may be used in phototherapy and/or in biophotonic therapy. In certain instances, the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure may be used as biophotonic medical devices.

In certain instances, the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure may be used in the manufacture of medical devices such as suture materials, stents, catheter, balloons, wound dressing or the like. In some other embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers may be used in the fabrication of dental care devices such as in the fabrication of toothbrush, dental floss, braces and the like.

The methods of the present disclosure comprise applying a photoactivatable fiber or photoactivatale fabric of the present disclosure to a tissue or organ in need of phototherapy and illuminating the photoactivatable fiber or photoactivatale fabric with light having a wavelength that overlaps with an absorption spectrum of the photoactivatable agent(s) present in the photoactivatable fiber or photoactivatable fabric to induce emission of the photoactivatable agent(s).

In the methods of the present disclosure, any source of actinic light can be used. Any type of halogen, LED or plasma arc lamp, or laser may be suitable. The primary characteristic of suitable sources of actinic light will be that they emit light in a wavelength (or wavelengths) appropriate for activating the one or more photoactivatable agent present in the composition. In one embodiment, an argon laser is used. In another embodiment, a potassium-titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser (e.g. a GreenLight™ laser) is used. In yet another embodiment, a LED lamp such as a photocuring device is the source of the actinic light. In yet another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is a source of light having a wavelength between about 200 to 800 nm. In another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is a source of visible light having a wavelength between about 400 and 600 nm. In another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is a source of visible light having a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm. In yet another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is blue light. In yet another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is red light. In yet another embodiment, the source of the actinic light is green light. Furthermore, the source of actinic light should have a suitable power density. Suitable power density for non-collimated light sources (LED, halogen or plasma lamps) are in the range from about 0.1 mW/cm² to about 200 mW/cm². Suitable power density for laser light sources are in the range from about 0.5 mW/cm² to about 0.8 mW/cm².

In some implementations, the light has an energy at the subject's skin surface of between about 0.1 mW/cm² and about 500 mW/cm², or 0.1-300 mW/cm², or 0.1-200 mW/cm², wherein the energy applied depends at least on the condition being treated, the wavelength of the light, the distance of the skin from the light source and the thickness of the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics. In certain embodiments, the light at the subject's skin is between about 1-40 mW/cm², or between about 20-60 mW/cm², or between about 40-80 mW/cm², or between about 60-100 mW/cm², or between about 80-120 mW/cm², or between about 100-140 mW/cm², or between about 30-180 mW/cm², or between about 120-160 mW/cm², or between about 140-180 mW/cm², or between about 160-200 mW/cm², or between about 110-240 mW/cm², or between about 110-150 mW/cm², or between about 190-240 mW/cm².

The activation of the photoactivatable agents may take place almost immediately on illumination (femto- or pico seconds). A prolonged exposure period may be beneficial to exploit the synergistic effects of the absorbed, reflected and reemitted light of the photoactivatable fibers and fabrics of the present disclosure and its interaction with the tissue being treated. In one embodiment, the time of exposure of photoactivatable fibers or fabrics to actinic light is a period between 0.01 minutes and 90 minutes. In another embodiment, the time of exposure of the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics to actinic light is a period between 1 minute and 5 minutes. In some other embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics are illuminated for a period between 1 minute and 3 minutes. In certain embodiments, light is applied for a period of about 1-30 seconds, about 15-45 seconds, about 30-60 seconds, about 0.75-1.5 minutes, about 1-2 minutes, about 1.5-2.5 minutes, about 2-3 minutes, about 2.5-3.5 minutes, about 3-4 minutes, about 3.5-4.5 minutes, about 4-5 minutes, about 5-10 minutes, about 10-15 minutes, about 15-20 minutes, or about 20-30 minutes. The treatment time may range up to about 90 minutes, about 80 minutes, about 70 minutes, about 60 minutes, about 50 minutes, about 40 minutes or about 30 minutes. It will be appreciated that the treatment time can be adjusted in order to maintain a dosage by adjusting the rate of fluence delivered to a treatment area. For example, the delivered fluence may be about 4 to about 60 J/cm², 4 to about 90 J/cm², 10 to about 90 J/cm², about 10 to about 60 J/cm², about 10 to about 50 J/cm², about 10 to about 40 J/cm², about 10 to about 30 J/cm², about 20 to about 40 J/cm², about 15 J/cm² to 25 J/cm², or about 10 to about 20 J/cm².

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers and photoactivatable fabric may be re-illuminated at certain intervals. In yet another embodiment, the source of actinic light is in continuous motion over the treated area for the appropriate time of exposure. In yet another embodiment, the photoactivatable fibers or photoactivatable fabric may be illuminated until the photoactivatable fibers or photoactivatable fabric is at least partially photobleached or fully photobleached.

In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable agents in the photoactivatable fibers or fabrics can be photoexcited by ambient light including from the sun and overhead lighting. In certain embodiments, the photoactivatable agents can be photoactivated by light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light can be emitted by any light source such as sunlight, light bulb, an LED device, electronic display screens such as on a television, computer, telephone, mobile device, flashlights on mobile devices. In the methods of the present disclosure, any source of light can be used. For example, a combination of ambient light and direct sunlight or direct artificial light may be used. Ambient light can include overhead lighting such as LED bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, and indirect sunlight.

In the methods of the present disclosure, the photoactivatable fibers or fabric may be removed from the tissue or organ following application of light. In other embodiments, the photoactivatable fibers or fabric may be left on the tissue or organ for an extended period of time and re-activated with direct or ambient light at appropriate times to treat the condition.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of Photoactivatable Fibers and Photoactivatable Fabrics

Chromophores were incorporated into fibers made of polymer materials (polymer materials compounded with chromophores). The compounding involved taking a polymer melt and adding the chromophores in their solid form directly to the polymer, and then allowing the melt to cool. This process allowed chromophores to be integrated with the polymer fibers. The polymer fibers were selected from fibers, nonwoven fabrics, tubes and films. The chromophore to polymer ratio was selected so as to be dependent on the chromophore used, for example: for Eosin Y, 20% w/w ratio (in water) was used for the master chromophore batch, for Fluorescein, 5% w/w ratio was used for the master chromophore batch. A pure Eosin Y fiber was made and a 4:1 mixture (by weight (or 1:1 by fiber weight)) of Eosin Y and Fluorescein was made.

Preparation of the Fibers:

Fibers made of polypropylene, of polyethylene, nylon, or of a combination thereof were prepared. Eosin Y or fluorescein or a combination of Eosin Y and fluorescein were used as photoactivatable agents. A cross-sectional view of the fibers prepared using one type of polymer is shown in FIG. 1B. The polyethylene was made into a 50/50 polyethylene core with a polypropylene sheath. A cross-sectional view of these fibers is shown in FIG. 1C.

Fibers having the following composition have been considered:

• • A) Polypropylene polymer and 5% Eosin Y,
  • B) Polypropylene polymer and 10% Eosin Y,
  • C) Polypropylene polymer and 15% Eosin Y,
  • D) Polypropylene polymer and 20% Eosin Y,
  • E) Polypropylene polymer and 5% Eosin Y
  • F) Polypropylene polymer and 10% Fluorescein,
  • G) Polypropylene polymer and 15% Eosin Y;
  • H) Polypropylene polymer and 20% Eosin Y
  • I) Polyethylene polymer and 5% Eosin Y,
  • J) Polyethylene polymer and 10% Eosin Y,
  • K) Polyethylene polymer and 15% Eosin Y,
  • L) Polyethylene polymer and 20% Eosin Y,
  • M) Polyethylene polymer and 5% Fluorescein,
  • N) Nylon and 5% Eosin Y,
  • O) Nylon and 10% Eosin Y,
  • P) Nylon and 15% Eosin Y,
  • Q) Nylon and 20% Eosin Y,
  • R) Nylon and 5% Fluorescein.

Non-Woven Fabric:

Polypropylene fibers were used as non-woven samples. The following fibers were prepared:

• • S) Polypropylene polymer and 0.5 g/L Eosin Y,
  • T) Polypropylene polymer and 0.5 g/L Eosin Y and 0.25 g/L fluorescein.

Example 2 Preparation of Photoactivatable Fibers with Lubricant

Fibers were dipped in a bath of chromophore and lubricant (1:6 oil:water) (i.e., lurol oil) to produce fibers that were colored and that fluoresced. The fibers incorporated two chromophores, both Eosin Y and a fluorescein/Eosin Y mixture (1/4). The polyethylene was made into a 50/50 polyethylene core with a polypropylene sheath.

Fibers having the following composition have been considered:

• • AA) Polymethyl methacrylate (Sheath) with Polypropylene (Core), Eosin Y:Fluorescein 10 g/L each, 150 micron monofilament,
  • BB) Polymethyl methacrylate (Sheath) with Polypropylene (Core), Eosin Y:Fluorescein 20 g/L each, 150 micron monofilament,
  • CC) Polymethyl methacrylate (Sheath) with Polypropylene (Core), Eosin Y:Fluorescein 30 g/L each, 150 micron monofilament,
  • DD) Nylon, Eosin Y:Fluorescein 10 g/L each, 150 micron multifilament,
  • EE) Nylon, Eosin Y:Fluorescein 20 g/L each, 150 micron multifilament,
  • FF) Nylon, Eosin Y: Fluorescein 50 g/L each, 150 micron multifilament,
  • GG) Polypropylene, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 2 pounds,
  • HH) Polypropylene, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pounds MIXED WITH polypropylene, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 1 pounds (1:1 Ratio) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound AND polypropylene Core blank, Blank, 1 pound,
  • II) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pounds MIXED WITH polyethylene Sheath doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio),
  • JJ) Polypropylene Core blank, Blank, 1 pound,
  • KK) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound AND polypropylene Core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound,
  • LL) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pounds MIXED WITH polyethylene Sheath doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio) AND polypropylene Core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound,
  • MM) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pounds MIXED WITH polyethylene Sheath doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio) AND polypropylene Core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pounds MIXED WITH polypropylene Core doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio),
  • NN) Polyethylene Sheath blank, Blank, 1 pound WITH polypropylene Core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound,
  • OO) Polyethylene Sheath blank, Blank, 1 pound AND polypropylene core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pounds MIXED WITH polypropylene core doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio),
  • PP) Polyethylene Sheath doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound AND polypropylene core doped with, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 0.5 pound MIXED WITH polypropylene core doped with, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 0.5 pounds (1:1 Ratio)
  • QQ) Nylon, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 2 pounds,
  • RR) Nylon, Eosin Y Chromophore 20%, 1 pound MIXED WITH Nylon, Fluorescein Chromophore 5%, 1 pound (1:1 Ratio).

Example 3 Fluorescence Emission by Photoactivatable Fibers

The photoactivatable fibers outlined in Tables 1, 5, 9, 14, 19 and 25 were prepared; a composition of photoactivatable agents was sprayed onto some of the fibers. Each of these fibers was assessed for its ability to emit fluorescence following illumination for 5 mins at 5 cm using a Thera™ Lamp. The results are presented in FIG. 2A (nylon fibers), FIG. 2B (PBT fibers) and FIG. 2C (PMMA fibers) and in Tables 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33.

TABLE 1
Photoactivatable fibers comprising
polyethylene compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission
1	Polyethylene with 0.5% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 2
2	Polyethylene with 0.5% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 3
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
3	Polyethylene with 0.5% Eosin + Sodium	Table 4
	Bicarbonate Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
4	Polyethylene with 0.5% Eosin + 10 g/L Eosin Y	—
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 2
Fiber 1 - Polyethylene + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 1 -
Polyethylene + Eosin
Inside, Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	37.73	37.83	37.89	37.91	38.04	38.18	38.28
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
total	400-760	37.76779	37.85432	37.9151	37.94457	38.06825	38.2112	38.30258
% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%
purple	(400)-450	25.7413	25.4023	25.1707	24.9117	24.7605	24.6212	24.4817
Blue	450-500	11.9843	12.4069	12.6914	12.9768	13.2592	13.5382	13.7734
Green	500-570	0.0117	0.0197	0.0307	0.0279	0.0259	0.0267	0.0338
Yellow	570-591	0.0065	0.0067	0.0092	0.0102	0.0093	0.0092	0.0056
Orange	591-610	0.0054	0.0098	0.0088	0.0110	0.0091	0.0096	0.0064
Red	610-760	0.0188	0.0094	0.0047	0.0075	0.0047	0.0068	0.0019
total	(400-700)	37.77	37.85	37.92	37.95	38.07	38.21	38.30

	Fiber 1 -
	Polyethylene + Eosin

Inside, Lurol Oil

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	38.36	38.44	38.56	38.61	11.44	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	38.38788	38.4684	38.58573	38.6291	11.45	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	24.3537	24.2225	24.1625	24.0604	7.43	65.0%
	Blue	450-500	13.9839	14.1869	14.3716	14.5227	4.00	34.9%
	Green	500-570	0.0334	0.0415	0.0349	0.0313	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0071	0.0108	0.0064	0.0058	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0074	0.0064	0.0072	0.0056	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0026	0.0005	0.0035	0.0035	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	38.39	38.47	38.59	38.63	11.45	100.0%

TABLE 3
Fiber 2 - with Urea Peroxide in Lurol Oil

Fiber 2 - with Urea

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Peroxide in Lurol Oil	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	44.34	43.56	43.60	43.59	43.53	43.48	43.45
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03
total	400-760	44.364	43.59121	43.63011	43.62437	43.55596	43.52089	43.48319
% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%
purple	(400)-450	28.7823	27.7839	27.6486	27.3997	27.1146	26.9311	26.7372
Blue	450-500	15.5221	15.7414	15.9171	16.1574	16.3843	16.5173	16.6797
Green	500-570	0.0376	0.0415	0.0369	0.0431	0.0308	0.0436	0.0389
Yellow	570-591	0.0091	0.0094	0.0112	0.0094	0.0083	0.0111	0.0072
Orange	591-610	0.0076	0.0087	0.0106	0.0103	0.0099	0.0111	0.0107
Red	610-760	0.0055	0.0069	0.0060	0.0049	0.0085	0.0072	0.0101
total	(400-700)	44.36	43.59	43.63	43.62	43.56	43.52	43.48

Fiber 2 - with Urea

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Peroxide in Lurol Oil	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	43.47	43.48	43.60	43.69	13.08	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	43.49531	43.50617	43.63938	43.72855	13.09	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	26.5918	26.4659	26.4030	26.3381	8.16	62.3%
	Blue	450-500	16.8401	16.9717	17.1625	17.3136	4.92	37.6%
	Green	500-570	0.0393	0.0406	0.0504	0.0474	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0093	0.0083	0.0115	0.0076	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0100	0.0107	0.0092	0.0114	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0051	0.0096	0.0031	0.0110	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	43.50	43.51	43.64	43.73	13.09	100.0%

TABLE 4
Fiber 3 - with Sodium Bicarbonate in Lurol Oil

Fiber 3- with Sodium

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Bicarbonate in Lurol Oil	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	45.77	45.38	45.39	45.41	45.38	45.46	45.53
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02
total	400-760	45.79708	45.4078	45.42176	45.43369	45.40676	45.48801	45.55223
% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%
purple	(400)-450	30.4595	29.6024	29.2516	28.8436	28.6273	28.4034	28.2416
Blue	450-500	15.2759	15.7454	16.1074	16.5308	16.7115	17.0158	17.2490
Green	500-570	0.0356	0.0341	0.0350	0.0419	0.0480	0.0437	0.0514
Yellow	570-591	0.0075	0.0081	0.0062	0.0067	0.0080	0.0068	0.0031
Orange	591-610	0.0107	0.0106	0.0104	0.0063	0.0071	0.0089	0.0040
Red	610-760	0.0082	0.0076	0.0117	0.0046	0.0051	0.0098	0.0035
total	(400-700)	45.80	45.41	45.42	45.43	45.41	45.49	45.55

Fiber 3- with Sodium

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Bicarbonate in Lurol Oil	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	45.55	45.53	45.53	45.64	13.65	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	45.58	45.56858	45.554	45.66506	13.66	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	28.0332	27.8598	27.6870	27.6032	8.61	63.0%
	Blue	450-500	17.4738	17.6294	17.7953	17.9823	5.03	36.8%
	Green	500-570	0.0500	0.0491	0.0580	0.0645	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0094	0.0100	0.0052	0.0053	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0090	0.0116	0.0060	0.0060	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0049	0.0091	0.0026	0.0041	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	45.58	45.57	45.55	45.67	13.66	100.0%

TABLE 5
Photoactivatable fibers comprising
polylactic acid (PLA) compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission
5	PLA with 0.5% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 6
6	PLA with 0.5% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 7
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
7	PLA with 0.5% Eosin + Sodium Bicarbonate	Table 8
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 6
Fiber 5 - Polylactic Acid + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 5 - Polylactic
Acid + Eosin Inside,	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Lurol Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	14.94	14.93	14.85	14.75	14.71	14.67	14.65
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.12	1.02	0.98	0.95	0.94	0.92	0.91
total	400-760	16.05383	15.94828	15.82929	15.69884	15.6478	15.58449	15.56786
% fluorescence		6.9%	6.4%	6.2%	6.1%	6.0%	5.9%	5.9%
purple	(400)-450	10.4182	10.2214	10.0756	9.9133	9.8031	9.7045	9.6358
Blue	450-500	4.5199	4.7079	4.7777	4.8335	4.9048	4.9608	5.0190
Green	500-570	0.1184	0.1103	0.1017	0.0982	0.0979	0.0945	0.0947
Yellow	570-591	0.2998	0.2848	0.2731	0.2668	0.2631	0.2578	0.2561
Orange	591-610	0.3337	0.3119	0.3002	0.2939	0.2891	0.2839	0.2806
Red	610-760	0.3793	0.3265	0.3152	0.3070	0.3035	0.2965	0.2949
total	(400-700)	16.07	15.96	15.84	15.71	15.66	15.60	15.58

Fiber 5 - Polylactic

Acid + Eosin Inside,

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Lurol Oil Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	14.66	14.62	14.61	14.61	4.42	93.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.90	0.87	0.87	0.85	0.28	6.0%
	total	400-760	15.55919	15.48759	15.48833	15.46502	4.71	99.9%
	% fluorescence		5.8%	5.6%	5.6%	5.5%	0.06	6.0%
	purple	(400)-450	9.5792	9.5010	9.4528	9.4132	2.95	62.6%
	Blue	450-500	5.0769	5.1140	5.1618	5.1980	1.47	31.3%
	Green	500-570	0.0931	0.0908	0.0913	0.0890	0.03	0.6%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2523	0.2461	0.2436	0.2386	0.08	1.7%
	Orange	591-610	0.2780	0.2700	0.2688	0.2626	0.09	1.9%
	Red	610-760	0.2929	0.2784	0.2828	0.2761	0.09	2.0%
	total	(400-700)	15.57	15.50	15.50	15.48	4.71	100.0%

TABLE 7
Fiber 6 - Polylactic Acid + Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 6 - Polylactic
Acid + Eosin Inside,
UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	15.27	15.32	15.33	15.31	15.29	15.28	15.26
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.05	0.94	0.91	0.90	0.89	0.86	0.85
total	400-760	16.32258	16.26344	16.24112	16.20668	16.17224	16.14035	16.10769
% fluorescence		6.4%	5.8%	5.6%	5.6%	5.5%	5.3%	5.3%
purple	(400)-450	10.6935	10.4773	10.3672	10.2573	10.1656	10.0862	10.0081
Blue	450-500	4.5788	4.8458	4.9628	5.0482	5.1215	5.1921	5.2499
Green	500-570	0.0972	0.0853	0.0822	0.0826	0.0797	0.0787	0.0778
Yellow	570-591	0.2906	0.2567	0.2470	0.2436	0.2380	0.2330	0.2287
Orange	591-610	0.3265	0.2930	0.2836	0.2786	0.2726	0.2664	0.2618
Red	610-760	0.3516	0.3193	0.3121	0.3097	0.3079	0.2968	0.2942
total	(400-700)	16.34	16.28	16.25	16.22	16.19	16.15	16.12

	Fiber 6 - Polylactic
	Acid + Eosin Inside,

UP + Lurol Oil

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	15.22	15.18	15.14	15.11	4.58	94.4%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.83	0.83	0.80	0.79	0.27	5.5%
	total	400-760	16.05246	16.00419	15.94197	15.8982	4.84	99.9%
	% fluorescence		5.2%	5.2%	5.0%	5.0%	0.05	5.5%
	purple	(400)-450	9.9236	9.8464	9.7768	9.7092	3.05	62.9%
	Blue	450-500	5.2948	5.3311	5.3629	5.3990	1.53	31.6%
	Green	500-570	0.0752	0.0752	0.0741	0.0737	0.02	0.5%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2254	0.2223	0.2162	0.2132	0.07	1.5%
	Orange	591-610	0.2578	0.2549	0.2474	0.2433	0.08	1.7%
	Red	610-760	0.2880	0.2866	0.2764	0.2715	0.09	1.9%
	total	(400-700)	16.06	16.02	15.95	15.91	4.85	100.0%

TABLE 8
Fiber 7 - Polylactic Acid + Eosin Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 7 - Polylactic
Acid + Eosin Inside,
Bicarb + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	16.07	16.04	16.01	15.90	15.79	15.77	15.72
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.12	0.99	0.96	0.93	0.92	0.92	0.91
total	400-760	17.18991	17.03564	16.96755	16.83133	16.71217	16.69256	16.62935
% fluorescence		6.5%	5.8%	5.7%	5.5%	5.5%	5.5%	5.4%
purple	(400)-450	11.1705	10.9276	10.8025	10.6200	10.4800	10.3930	10.2891
Blue	450-500	4.9016	5.1169	5.2034	5.2792	5.3112	5.3811	5.4351
Green	500-570	0.1197	0.1019	0.0951	0.0932	0.0913	0.0929	0.0918
Yellow	570-591	0.3141	0.2730	0.2662	0.2585	0.2557	0.2532	0.2495
Orange	591-610	0.3475	0.3054	0.2967	0.2881	0.2847	0.2817	0.2778
Red	610-760	0.3529	0.3253	0.3178	0.3062	0.3028	0.3042	0.2994
total	(400-700)	17.21	17.05	16.98	16.85	16.73	16.71	16.64

	Fiber 7 - Polylactic
	Acid + Eosin Inside,

Bicarb + Lurol Oil

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	15.6	15.6	15.70	15.75	4.75	94.3%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.89	0.87	0.87	0.84	0.28	5.6%
	total	400-760	16.55821	16.5202	16.56995	16.59658	5.03	99.9%
	% fluorescence		5.4%	5.2%	5.2%	5.1%	0.06	5.6%
	purple	(400)-450	10.1908	10.1298	10.1080	10.0959	3.15	62.6%
	Blue	450-500	5.4730	5.5252	5.5922	5.6575	1.60	31.7%
	Green	500-570	0.0894	0.0859	0.0890	0.0858	0.03	0.6%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2454	0.2382	0.2381	0.2313	0.08	1.5%
	Orange	591-610	0.2740	0.2670	0.2655	0.2586	0.09	1.7%
	Red	610-760	0.2988	0.2868	0.2898	0.2799	0.09	1.8%
	total	(400-700)	16.57	16.53	16.58	16.61	5.04	100.0%

TABLE 9
Photoactivatable fibers comprising
polypropylene compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission

8	Polypropylene with 0.5% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 10
9	Polypropylene with 0.5% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 11
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
10	Polypropylene with 0.5% Eosin + Sodium	Table 12
	Bicarbonate Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
11	Polypropylene with 0.5% Eosin + 10 g/L Eosin Y	Table 13
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 10
Fiber 8 - Polypropylene + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 8 - Polypropylene +

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	38.79	38.50	38.31	38.11	37.91	37.60	37.37
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.10	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
total	400-760	38.887	38.51682	38.31451	38.11967	37.91618	37.60603	37.37597
% fluorescence		0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
purple	(400)-450	26.213	25.6104	25.2140	24.8144	24.4722	24.0801	23.7486
Blue	450-500	12.5660	12.8714	13.0711	13.2695	13.4083	13.4929	13.5901
Green	500-570	0.01	0.0223	0.0221	0.0249	0.0289	0.0253	0.0293
Yellow	570-591	0.0002	0.0003	0.0006	0.0053	0.0014	0.0036	0.0021
Orange	591-610	0.00	0.0029	0.0044	0.0049	0.0026	0.0031	0.0030
Red	610-760	0.09	0.0096	0.0026	0.0008	0.0029	0.0012	0.0029
total	(400-700)	38.89	38.52	38.31	38.12	37.92	37.61	37.38

Fiber 8 - Polypropylene +

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	37.23	36.98	36.89	36.70	11.33	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	37.24258	36.99724	36.90971	36.7173	11.34	100.0
	% fluorescence		0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	23.5275	23.2268	23.0455	22.8148	7.32	64.6%
	Blue	450-500	13.6822	13.7305	13.8151	13.8517	4.00	35.3%
	Green	500-570	0.0257	0.0272	0.0345	0.0339	0.01	0.1
	Yellow	570-591	0.0010	0.0023	0.0053	0.0030	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0033	0.0045	0.0032	0.0054	0.00	0.0
	Red	610-760	0.0029	0.0061	0.0060	0.0087	0.00	0.0
	total	(400-700)	37.24	37.00	36.91	36.72	11.34	100.0%

TABLE 11
Fiber 9 - Polypropylene + Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 9 - Polypropylene +
Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 mi	1 min	1.5 min	2 mi	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	38.22	37.85	37.66	37.36	37.11	36.88	36.72
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.12	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02
total	400-760	38.33982	37.8572	37.67632	37.36189	37.1219	36.89308	36.73885
% fluorescence		0.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
purple	(400)-450	25.9945	25.2982	24.9107	24.4318	24.0608	23.7143	23.4416
Blue	450-500	12.2258	12.535	12.7280	12.9008	13.030	13.1446	13.2552
Green	500-570	0.0032	0.0220	0.0210	0.0265	0.0273	0.0230	0.0278
Yellow	570-591	0.0007	0.0001	0.0038	0.0005	0.0004	0.0048	0.0034
Orange	591-610	0.0005	0.0003	0.0053	0.0021	0.0014	0.0052	0.0048
Red	610-760	0.1152	0.0014	0.0078	0.0002	0.0014	0.0014	0.0062
total	(400-700)	38.34	37.86	37.68	37.36	37.12	36.89	36.74

	Fiber 9 - Polypropylene +
	Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm

	Lamp	400-518	36.64	36.51	36.43	36.37	11.14	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	36.64907	36.52148	36.44165	36.37409	11.15	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	23.2361	23.0084	22.8281	22.6777	7.23	64.8%
	Blue	450-500	13.3760	13.4809	13.5761	13.6610	3.91	35.1%
	Green	500-570	0.0285	0.0241	0.0321	0.0306	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0005	0.0029	0.0011	0.0009	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0033	0.0033	0.0025	0.0023	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0048	0.0020	0.0019	0.0017	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	36.65	36.52	36.44	36.37	11.15	100.0%

TABLE 12
Fiber 10 - Polypropylene + Eosin Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 10 -
Polypropylene + Eosin	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	36.92	36.59	36.47	36.29	36.17	36.04	35.91
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
total	400-760	36.92294	36.59499	36.47866	36.30052	36.18347	36.04749	35.91653
% fluorescence		0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
purple	(400)-450	24.9566	24.3430	24.0409	23.6970	23.4067	23.1523	22.8998
Blue	450-500	11.9414	12.2264	12.4073	12.5720	12.7439	12.8609	12.9852
Green	500-570	0.0226	0.0177	0.0253	0.0257	0.0262	0.0254	0.0258
Yellow	570-591	0.0012	0.0030	0.0017	0.0041	0.0026	0.0015	0.0031
Orange	591-610	0.0010	0.0035	0.0012	0.0015	0.0027	0.0031	0.0023
Red	610-760	0.0001	0.0015	0.0022	0.0002	0.0014	0.0043	0.0004
total	(400-700)	36.92	36.60	36.48	36.30	36.18	36.05	35.92

	Fiber 10 -
	Polypropylene + Eosin	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	35.83	35.76	35.70	35.67	10.85	100.0%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.0%
	total	400-760	35.84232	35.77078	35.70893	35.67485	10.85	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.00	0.0%
	purple	(400)-450	22.7089	22.5307	22.3735	22.2601	7.02	64.7%
	Blue	450-500	13.1015	13.2040	13.3008	13.3833	3.82	35.2%
	Green	500-570	0.0244	0.0253	0.0297	0.0281	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0012	0.0039	0.0036	0.0006	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0031	0.0046	0.0013	0.0012	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0033	0.0024	0.0000	0.0015	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	35.84	35.77	35.71	35.67	10.85	100.0%

TABLE 13
Fiber 11 - Polypropylene + Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 11 - Polypropylene +
Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	34.92	34.27	34.10	33.96	33.80	33.65	33.52
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
total	400-760	34.96027	34.29043	34.12328	33.98972	33.83178	33.67762	33.55483
% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%
purple	(400)-450	24.0092	23.0633	22.6970	22.3805	22.0694	21.8103	21.5672
Blue	450-500	10.9008	11.1891	11.3868	11.5594	11.7112	11.8201	11.9385
Green	500-570	0.0173	0.0173	0.0143	0.0207	0.0223	0.0225	0.0194
Yellow	570-591	0.0118	0.0090	0.0071	0.0088	0.0095	0.0102	0.0076
Orange	591-610	0.0114	0.0076	0.0097	0.0112	0.0104	0.0078	0.0109
Red	610-760	0.0102	0.0044	0.0088	0.0097	0.0095	0.0069	0.0117
total	(400-700)	34.96	34.29	34.12	33.99	33.83	33.68	33.56

	Fiber 11 - Polypropylene +
	Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Oil Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	33.43	33.36	33.23	33.16	10.15	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.1%
	total	400-760	33.45521	33.38872	33.26012	33.18787	10.16	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	21.3650	21.1855	20.9851	20.8562	6.63	65.3%
	Blue	450-500	12.0429	12.1567	12.2284	12.2886	3.51	34.5%
	Green	500-570	0.0232	0.0196	0.0235	0.0199	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0079	0.0079	0.0075	0.0085	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0081	0.0096	0.0079	0.0085	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0082	0.0098	0.0081	0.0065	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	33.46	33.39	33.26	33.19	10.16	100.0%

TABLE 14
Photoactivatable fibers comprising nylon compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission

12	Nylon with 0.5% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 15
13	Nylon with 0.5% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 16
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
14	Nylon with 0.5% Eosin + Sodium Bicarbonate	Table 17
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
15	Nylon with 0.5% Eosin + 10 g/L Eosin Y	Table 18
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 15
Fiber 12 - Nylon + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 12 - Nylon + Eosin

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	8.45	9.13	10.34	11.38	12.24	13.06	13.83
Fluoresc.	519-760	7.55	6.46	5.97	5.54	5.23	4.91	4.64
total	400-760	15.99847	15.59112	16.31268	16.92697	17.46969	17.96796	18.46997
% fluorescence		47.2%	41.4%	36.6%	32.7%	29.9%	27.3%	25.1%
purple	(400)-450	6.8019	6.9690	7.5393	7.9927	8.3430	8.6685	8.9554
Blue	450-500	1.6408	2.1589	2.7965	3.3803	3.8857	4.3748	4.8527
Green	500-570	2.0031	1.7498	1.6586	1.5746	1.5063	1.4374	1.3732
Yellow	570-591	2.2768	1.9007	1.7088	1.5559	1.4441	1.3456	1.2576
Orange	591-610	1.4927	1.2519	1.1345	1.0406	0.9709	0.9120	0.8536
Red	610-760	1.8387	1.6080	1.5182	1.4229	1.3568	1.2651	1.2106
total	(400-700)	16.05	15.64	16.36	16.97	17.51	18.00	18.50

Fiber 12 - Nylon + Eosin

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	14.52	15.24	15.82	16.38	3.72	69.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	4.40	4.25	4.03	3.90	1.59	29.9%
	total	400-760	18.92674	19.48819	19.84828	20.28261	5.31	99.8%
	% fluorescence		23.3%	21.8%	20.3%	19.2%	0.30	29.9%
	purple	(400)-450	9.2182	9.4951	9.6972	9.8883	2.51	47.2%
	Blue	450-500	5.2897	5.7259	6.0989	6.4642	1.21	22.7%
	Green	500-570	1.3144	1.2775	1.2280	1.2009	0.45	8.5%
	Yellow	570-591	1.1845	1.1207	1.0606	1.0133	0.45	8.4%
	Orange	591-610	0.8080	0.7702	0.7336	0.7040	0.30	5.6%
	Red	610-760	1.1433	1.1291	1.0584	1.0397	0.41	7.6%
	total	(400-700)	18.96	19.52	19.88	20.31	5.32	100.0%

TABLE 16
Fiber 13 - Nylon + Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil Outside (25-30 minutes)

Fiber 13 - Nylon +
Eosin Inside, UP +
Lurol Oil Outside (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

minutes)	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	24.96	25.05	25.19	25.29	25.42	25.49	25.61
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.98	1.93	1.93	1.95	1.91	1.90	1.89
total	400-760	26.93968	26.98401	27.11688	27.24167	27.32461	27.38227	27.49843
% fluorescence		7.4%	7.2%	7.1%	7.2%	7.0%	6.9%	6.9%
purple	(400)-450	13.4292	13.4647	13.5354	13.5872	13.6501	13.6725	13.7437
Blue	450-500	11.4229	11.4809	11.5418	11.5944	11.6551	11.7014	11.7509
Green	500-570	0.7422	0.7341	0.7330	0.7372	0.7289	0.7264	0.7299
Yellow	570-591	0.4073	0.3998	0.3982	0.3978	0.3923	0.3909	0.3853
Orange	591-610	0.3298	0.3235	0.3230	0.3212	0.3183	0.3170	0.3128
Red	610-760	0.6231	0.5954	0.5999	0.6183	0.5943	0.5883	0.5899
total	(400-700)	26.95	27.00	27.13	27.26	27.34	27.40	27.51

	Fiber 13 - Nylon +
	Eosin Inside, UP +
	Lurol Oil Outside (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	minutes)	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	25.68	25.78	25.90	25.99	7.63	93.0%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	1.84	1.88	1.86	1.84	0.57	7.0%
	total	400-760	27.52573	27.66029	27.7626	27.83434	8.20	99.9%
	% fluorescence		6.7%	6.8%	6.7%	6.6%	0.07	7.0%
	purple	(400)-450	13.7672	13.8125	13.8662	13.9151	4.10	49.9%
	Blue	450-500	11.8032	11.8555	11.9193	11.9667	3.50	42.7%
	Green	500-570	0.7229	0.7323	0.7294	0.7230	0.22	2.7%
	Yellow	570-591	0.3833	0.3793	0.3786	0.3737	0.12	1.4%
	Orange	591-610	0.3103	0.3079	0.3066	0.3036	0.10	1.2%
	Red	610-760	0.5528	0.5867	0.5762	0.5659	0.18	2.2%
	total	(400-700)	27.54	27.67	27.78	27.85	8.21	100.0%

TABLE 17
Fiber 14 - Nylon + Eosin Inside, Bicarbonate + Lurol Oil Outside (25-30 minutes)

Fiber 14 - Nylon +
Eosin Inside,
Bicarbonate + Lurol Oil
Outside (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

minutes)	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	27.04	27.10	27.20	27.13	27.12	27.21	27.30
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.72	1.70	1.69	1.65	1.61	1.59	1.59
total	400-760	28.7625	28.80483	28.88949	28.77401	28.72682	28.79745	28.89051
% fluorescence		6.0%	5.9%	5.8%	5.7%	5.6%	5.5%	5.5%
purple	(400)-450	14.7774	14.7599	14.7845	14.7271	14.6997	14.7221	14.7524
Blue	450-500	12.1575	12.2336	12.3042	12.2857	12.3044	12.3716	12.4369
Green	500-570	0.7817	0.7752	0.7711	0.7525	0.7403	0.7425	0.7407
Yellow	570-591	0.3552	0.3522	0.3484	0.3332	0.3294	0.3225	0.3216
Orange	591-610	0.2653	0.2623	0.2593	0.2496	0.2476	0.2397	0.2398
Red	610-760	0.4370	0.4330	0.4333	0.4369	0.4162	0.4097	0.4097
total	(400-700)	28.77	28.82	28.90	28.78	28.74	28.81	28.90

	Fiber 14 - Nylon +
	Eosin Inside,
	Bicarbonate + Lurol Oil
	Outside (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	minutes)	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	27.37	27.49	27.58	27.53	8.18	94.4%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	1.57	1.54	1.56	1.49	0.49	5.6%
	total	400-760	28.94176	29.02669	29.14196	29.0172	8.66	100.0%
	% fluorescence		5.4%	5.3%	5.3%	5.1%	0.06	5.6%
	purple	(400)-450	14.7707	14.8138	14.8509	14.7998	4.43	51.1%
	Blue	450-500	12.4876	12.5577	12.6191	12.6099	3.71	42.8%
	Green	500-570	0.7376	0.7291	0.7282	0.7190	0.22	2.6%
	Yellow	570-591	0.3195	0.3133	0.3150	0.3054	0.10	1.1%
	Orange	591-610	0.2385	0.2326	0.2365	0.2263	0.07	0.9%
	Red	610-760	0.3982	0.3904	0.4027	0.3666	0.13	1.4%
	total	(400-700)	28.95	29.04	29.15	29.03	8.67	100.0%

TABLE 18
Fiber 15 - Nylon + Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil Outside - Trial 2 (25-30 minutes)

Fiber 15 - Nylon + Eosin
Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil
Outside - Trial 2 (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

minutes)	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	18.95	19.06	19.19	19.29	19.41	19.49	19.61
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.25	2.23	2.24	2.19	2.20	2.17	2.18
total	400-760	21.20136	21.28697	21.42811	21.48191	21.60579	21.66376	21.78431
% fluorescence		10.6%	10.5%	10.4%	10.2%	10.2%	10.0%	10.0%
purple	(400)-450	10.4090	10.4463	10.5206	10.5657	10.6302	10.6576	10.7182
Blue	450-500	8.4999	8.5673	8.6248	8.6759	8.7348	8.7871	8.8430
Green	500-570	0.5179	0.5198	0.5227	0.5133	0.5139	0.5128	0.5124
Yellow	570-591	0.5174	0.5138	0.5096	0.5043	0.5029	0.4997	0.4990
Orange	591-610	0.4525	0.4474	0.4439	0.4396	0.4384	0.4349	0.4342
Red	610-760	0.8250	0.8123	0.8263	0.8028	0.8053	0.7911	0.7970
total	(400-700)	21.22	21.31	21.45	21.50	21.63	21.68	21.80

	Fiber 15 - Nylon + Eosin
	Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil
	Outside - Trial 2 (25-30	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	minutes)	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	19.74	19.83	19.94	20.05	5.84	89.8%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	2.19	2.15	2.15	2.13	0.66	10.1%
	total	400-760	21.92765	21.98483	22.08331	22.17704	6.49	99.9%
	% fluorescence		10.0%	9.8%	9.7%	9.6%	0.10	10.1%
	purple	(400)-450	10.7853	10.8302	10.8776	10.9295	3.19	49.1%
	Blue	450-500	8.9077	8.9536	9.0093	9.0661	2.63	40.4%
	Green	500-570	0.5241	0.5177	0.5155	0.5159	0.16	2.4%
	Yellow	570-591	0.4989	0.4941	0.4892	0.4894	0.15	2.3%
	Orange	591-610	0.4322	0.4282	0.4264	0.4245	0.13	2.0%
	Red	610-760	0.7988	0.7803	0.7846	0.7707	0.24	3.7%
	total	(400-700)	21.95	22.00	22.10	22.20	6.50	100.0%

TABLE 19
Photoactivatable fibers comprising polybutylene
terephthalate (PBT) compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission

16	Virgin PBT + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 20
17	PBT with 1% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 21
18	PBT with 1% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 22
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
19	PBT with 1% Eosin + Sodium Bicarbonate	Table 23
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
20	PBT with 1% Eosin + 10 g/L Eosin Y Coating +	Table 24
	Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 20
Fiber 16 - PBT Blank

Fiber 16 - PBT

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Blank	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	69.78	69.35	69.24	68.90	68.53	68.16	68.04
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05
total	400-760	69.82895	69.4195	69.30044	68.95217	68.5783	68.21259	68.09006
% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%
purple	(400)-450	42.9096	42.0190	41.5394	40.9650	40.4537	39.9428	39.6390
Blue	450-500	26.7852	27.2232	27.5890	27.8149	27.9591	28.0905	28.2822
Green	500-570	0.1043	0.1571	0.1564	0.1587	0.1566	0.1574	0.1648
Yellow	570-591	0.0000	0.0052	0.0084	0.0098	0.0050	0.0067	0.0040
Orange	591-610	0.0000	0.0088	0.0059	0.0033	0.0035	0.0087	0.0001
Red	610-760	0.0299	0.0066	0.0016	0.0006	0.0006	0.0071	0.0000
total	(400-700)	69.83	69.42	69.30	68.95	68.58	68.21	68.09

Fiber 16 - PBT

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Blank	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	67.72	67.51	67.29	67.15	20.54	99.9%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.1%
	total	400-760	67.79068	67.56456	67.3467	67.19618	20.55	100.0%
	% fluorescence		0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.00	0.1%
	purple	(400)-450	39.2507	38.9616	38.6804	38.4675	12.13	59.0%
	Blue	450-500	28.3575	28.4216	28.4878	28.5608	8.37	40.7%
	Green	500-570	0.1639	0.1680	0.1621	0.1529	0.05	0.2%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0110	0.0079	0.0106	0.0061	0.00	0.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.0069	0.0049	0.0058	0.0060	0.00	0.0%
	Red	610-760	0.0010	0.0006	0.0001	0.0032	0.00	0.0%
	total	(400-700)	67.79	67.56	67.35	67.20	20.55	100.0%

TABLE 21
Fiber 17 - PBT + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 17 - PBT + Eosin

UZ,13/49 mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	2.63	2.57	2.41	2.18	2.06	1.99	2.26
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.83	2.73	2.71	2.64	2.58	2.51	2.45
total	400-760	5.463108	5.298557	5.120492	4.828287	4.644863	4.504063	4.707606
% fluorescence		51.8%	51.5%	53.0%	54.8%	55.6%	55.8%	52.1%
purple	(400)-450	1.8166	1.7553	1.6450	1.5014	1.4223	1.3755	1.5282
Blue	450-500	0.8139	0.8126	0.7602	0.6817	0.6405	0.6139	0.7270
Green	500-570	0.0536	0.0543	0.0575	0.0548	0.0545	0.0552	0.0543
Yellow	570-591	0.5284	0.4851	0.4763	0.4619	0.4510	0.4395	0.4304
Orange	591-610	0.7208	0.6774	0.6674	0.6502	0.6344	0.6149	0.5997
Red	610-760	1.5646	1.5467	1.5464	1.5100	1.4731	1.4350	1.3972
total	(400-700)	5.50	5.33	5.15	4.86	4.68	4.53	4.74

Fiber 17 - PBT + Eosin

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	2.34	2.30	2.28	2.24	0.69	47.1%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	2.40	2.36	2.34	2.33	0.77	52.3%
	total	400-760	4.736382	4.659129	4.616988	4.571799	1.46	99.4%
	% fluorescence		50.6%	50.7%	50.7%	50.9%	0.53	52.6%
	purple	(400)-450	1.5655	1.5335	1.5147	1.4931	0.47	32.0%
	Blue	450-500	0.7718	0.7606	0.7591	0.7499	0.22	15.0%
	Green	500-570	0.0554	0.0537	0.0556	0.0561	0.02	1.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.4193	0.4146	0.4093	0.4090	0.14	9.2%
	Orange	591-610	0.5842	0.5764	0.5684	0.5648	0.19	12.9%
	Red	610-760	1.3685	1.3481	1.3375	1.3262	0.44	29.7%
	total	(400-700)	4.76	4.69	4.64	4.60	1.47	100.0%

TABLE 22
Fiber 18 - PBT + Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 18 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	0.42	0.46	1.12	0.91	0.91	0.96
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.32	2.04	1.90	1.84	1.81	1.78
total	400-760	2.740057	2.495696	3.021197	2.744473	2.727173	2.740978
% fluorescence		84.6%	81.8%	63.0%	66.9%	66.5%	65.1%
purple	(400)-450	0.3091	0.3171	0.7094	0.5882	0.5908	0.6157
Blue	450-500	0.1126	0.1379	0.4059	0.3184	0.3210	0.3396
Green	500-570	0.0497	0.0412	0.0447	0.0430	0.0441	0.0444
Yellow	570-591	0.4315	0.3609	0.3414	0.3298	0.3247	0.3202
Orange	591-610	0.5479	0.4794	0.4456	0.4291	0.4212	0.4130
Red	610-760	1.3154	1.1822	1.0955	1.0564	1.0456	1.0277
total	(400-700)	2.77	2.52	3.04	2.76	2.75	2.76

Fiber 18 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	0.99	0.99	0.99	1.08	1.07	0.26	32.0%
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.76	1.72	1.69	1.66	1.63	0.56	67.2%
total	400-760	2.744468	2.71341	2.678671	2.743669	2.696495	0.82	99.3%
% fluorescence		64.0%	63.4%	63.1%	60.6%	60.3%	0.68	67.7%
purple	(400)-450	0.6325	0.6333	0.6306	0.6807	0.6734	0.17	20.7%
Blue	450-500	0.3549	0.3580	0.3572	0.3990	0.3955	0.09	11.3%
Green	500-570	0.0452	0.0456	0.0463	0.0471	0.0470	0.01	1.6%
Yellow	570-591	0.3163	0.3103	0.3053	0.3009	0.2959	0.10	12.1%
Orange	591-610	0.4054	0.3958	0.3873	0.3800	0.3715	0.13	15.6%
Red	610-760	1.0096	0.9893	0.9704	0.9539	0.9309	0.32	38.6%
total	(400-700)	2.76	2.73	2.70	2.76	2.71	0.83	100.0%

TABLE 23
Fiber 19 - PBT + Eosin Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 19 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	0.55	0.56	1.00	1.17	1.25	1.08
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.40	2.11	1.94	1.86	1.78	1.76
total	400-760	2.954142	2.667009	2.942724	3.028633	3.035268	2.841185
% fluorescence		81.4%	79.1%	65.9%	61.5%	58.7%	62.1%
purple	(400)-450	0.3923	0.3886	0.6557	0.7512	0.7970	0.6904
Blue	450-500	0.1566	0.1676	0.3467	0.4136	0.4562	0.3852
Green	500-570	0.0504	0.0408	0.0409	0.0416	0.0404	0.0425
Yellow	570-591	0.4400	0.3607	0.3312	0.3199	0.3066	0.3023
Orange	591-610	0.5668	0.4937	0.4519	0.4318	0.4119	0.4049
Red	610-760	1.3750	1.2394	1.1382	1.0913	1.0431	1.0353
total	(400-700)	2.98	2.69	2.96	3.05	3.06	2.86

Fiber 19 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, Bicarb + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	1.05	1.05	1.09	1.11	1.13	0.30	34.4%
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.74	1.71	1.69	1.66	1.64	0.56	64.9%
total	400-760	2.787107	2.766328	2.777914	2.770098	2.774827	0.86	99.3%
% fluorescence		62.4%	61.9%	60.9%	60.1%	59.2%	0.65	65.3%
purple	(400)-450	0.6687	0.6707	0.6870	0.6962	0.7091	0.19	22.2%
Blue	450-500	0.3775	0.3828	0.3989	0.4086	0.4225	0.10	12.1%
Green	500-570	0.0432	0.0441	0.0449	0.0453	0.0460	0.01	1.5%
Yellow	570-591	0.2983	0.2935	0.2904	0.2869	0.2834	0.10	11.2%
Orange	591-610	0.3978	0.3895	0.3835	0.3768	0.3705	0.13	15.0%
Red	610-760	1.0207	1.0044	0.9917	0.9744	0.9612	0.33	37.9%
total	(400-700)	2.81	2.79	2.80	2.79	2.79	0.86	100.0%

TABLE 24
Fiber 20 - PBT + Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 20 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, Eosin + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	3.25	3.82	3.91	4.14	4.19	4.39
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.72	2.62	2.54	2.42	2.36	2.30
total	400-760	5.966188	6.441835	6.450766	6.557832	6.549098	6.694657
% fluorescence		45.6%	40.7%	39.4%	36.9%	36.0%	34.4%
purple	(400)-450	2.1823	2.5014	2.5369	2.6563	2.6642	2.7716
Blue	450-500	1.0644	1.3131	1.3703	1.4781	1.5245	1.6190
Green	500-570	0.0508	0.0554	0.0585	0.0551	0.0556	0.0568
Yellow	570-591	0.4800	0.4340	0.4202	0.4071	0.3951	0.3860
Orange	591-610	0.6916	0.6422	0.6186	0.5936	0.5743	0.5586
Red	610-760	1.5314	1.5275	1.4769	1.3971	1.3637	1.3304
total	(400-700)	6.00	6.47	6.48	6.59	6.58	6.72

Fiber 20 - PBT + Eosin
Inside, Eosin + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Oil Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	4.35	4.30	4.27	4.27	4.24	1.23	62.9%
Fluoresc.	519-760	2.27	2.23	2.20	2.17	2.16	0.72	36.7%
total	400-760	6.622601	6.520864	6.46933	6.436219	6.394325	1.94	99.6%
% fluorescence		34.3%	34.1%	34.1%	33.7%	33.8%	0.37	36.8%
purple	(400)-450	2.7308	2.6852	2.6568	2.6469	2.6211	0.78	40.1%
Blue	450-500	1.6181	1.6076	1.6056	1.6155	1.6114	0.44	22.8%
Green	500-570	0.0560	0.0546	0.0576	0.0569	0.0567	0.02	0.9%
Yellow	570-591	0.3797	0.3738	0.3682	0.3644	0.3631	0.12	6.2%
Orange	591-610	0.5488	0.5387	0.5300	0.5229	0.5176	0.17	9.0%
Red	610-760	1.3163	1.2875	1.2773	1.2554	1.2499	0.41	21.2%
total	(400-700)	6.65	6.55	6.50	6.46	6.42	1.95	100.0%

TABLE 25
Photoactivatable fibers comprising poly(methyl
methacrylate) (PMMA) compounded with Eosin

		Fluorescence
Fiber	Composition	Emission
21	PMMA with 1% Eosin + Lurol Oil Coating	Table 26
22	PMMA with 1% Eosin + 1% Urea Peroxide	Table 27
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
23	PrMMA with 1% Eosin + Sodium Bicarbonate	Table 28
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating
24	PMMA with 1% Eosin + 10 g/L Eosin Y	Table 29
	Coating + Lurol Oil Coating

TABLE 26
Fiber 21 - PMMA + Eosin Inside, Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 21 - PMMA + Eosin

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	10.26	10.12	10.08	10.02	9.98	9.96
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.73	0.67	0.65	0.64	0.63	0.63
total	400-760	10.99377	10.79335	10.72893	10.65819	10.61231	10.58607
% fluorescence		6.7%	6.2%	6.0%	6.0%	5.9%	5.9%
purple	(400)-450	7.8615	7.6370	7.5561	7.4510	7.3697	7.3017
Blue	450-500	2.3995	2.4856	2.5276	2.5694	2.6118	2.6571
Green	500-570	0.0096	0.0069	0.0050	0.0043	0.0038	0.0033
Yellow	570-591	0.1304	0.1195	0.1128	0.1092	0.1063	0.1037
Orange	591-610	0.2326	0.2175	0.2105	0.2074	0.2043	0.2022
Red	610-760	0.3732	0.3388	0.3284	0.3283	0.3277	0.3293
total	(400-700)	11.01	10.81	10.74	10.67	10.62	10.60

Fiber 21 - PMMA + Eosin

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Inside, Lurol Oil Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	9.88	9.90	9.83	9.79	9.82	2.99	93.9%
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.61	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.59	0.19	6.0%
total	400-760	10.49542	10.50296	10.43348	10.39166	10.41602	3.19	99.9%
% fluorescence		5.9%	5.7%	5.8%	5.8%	5.7%	0.06	6.0%
purple	(400)-450	7.2094	7.1832	7.1110	7.0489	7.0420	2.21	69.4%
Blue	450-500	2.6720	2.7161	2.7200	2.7422	2.7821	0.78	24.6%
Green	500-570	0.0028	0.0026	0.0025	0.0023	0.0020	0.00	0.0%
Yellow	570-591	0.1003	0.0978	0.0963	0.0953	0.0928	0.03	1.0%
Orange	591-610	0.1977	0.1949	0.1934	0.1922	0.1889	0.06	1.9%
Red	610-760	0.3241	0.3193	0.3211	0.3215	0.3190	0.10	3.1%
total	(400-700)	10.51	10.51	10.44	10.40	10.43	3.19	100.0%

TABLE 27
Fiber 22 - PMMA + Eosin Inside, UP + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 22 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	15.69	14.95	14.74	14.59	14.47	14.42
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.75	0.67	0.66	0.64	0.64	0.63
total	400-760	16.4387	15.62283	15.39582	15.23084	15.11069	15.05078
% fluorescence		4.6%	4.3%	4.3%	4.2%	4.3%	4.2%
purple	(400)-450	11.0082	10.3866	10.1416	9.9691	9.8076	9.7133
Blue	450-500	4.6795	4.5640	4.5964	4.6207	4.6597	4.7054
Green	500-570	0.0004	0.0004	0.0002	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Yellow	570-591	0.0950	0.0842	0.0818	0.0763	0.0759	0.0727
Orange	591-610	0.2189	0.2031	0.1987	0.1947	0.1933	0.1901
Red	610-760	0.4494	0.3965	0.3888	0.3815	0.3856	0.3805
total	(400-700)	16.45	15.63	15.41	15.24	15.12	15.06

Fiber 22 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, UP + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	14.39	14.36	14.33	14.28	14.27	4.39	95.7%
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.63	0.63	0.62	0.61	0.60	0.19	4.2%
total	400-760	15.01809	14.9848	14.95077	14.89236	14.87711	4.58	99.9%
% fluorescence		4.2%	4.2%	4.1%	4.1%	4.1%	0.04	4.2%
purple	(400)-450	9.6369	9.5602	9.5019	9.4261	9.3807	2.97	64.9%
Blue	450-500	4.7496	4.7990	4.8327	4.8559	4.8920	1.41	30.8%
Green	500-570	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.00	0.0%
Yellow	570-591	0.0720	0.0703	0.0683	0.0664	0.0642	0.02	0.5%
Orange	591-610	0.1884	0.1865	0.1828	0.1805	0.1789	0.06	1.3%
Red	610-760	0.3825	0.3799	0.3760	0.3743	0.3721	0.12	2.5%
total	(400-700)	15.03	15.00	14.96	14.90	14.89	4.58	100.0%

TABLE 28
Fiber 23 - PMMA + Eosin Inside, Bicarbonate + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 23 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, Bicarbonate + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Oil Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	13.15	13.50	13.34	13.26	13.22	13.13
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.68	0.64	0.63	0.62	0.61	0.61
total	400-760	13.83246	14.1425	13.97107	13.88749	13.82635	13.73764
% fluorescence		4.9%	4.5%	4.5%	4.5%	4.4%	4.4%
purple	(400)-450	9.3441	9.4130	9.2256	9.1099	9.0173	8.9034
Blue	450-500	3.8100	4.0877	4.1181	4.1541	4.1999	4.2260
Green	500-570	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Yellow	570-591	0.0804	0.0695	0.0664	0.0646	0.0623	0.0606
Orange	591-610	0.2044	0.1888	0.1839	0.1819	0.1782	0.1759
Red	610-760	0.4057	0.3948	0.3881	0.3880	0.3795	0.3824
total	(400-700)	13.84	14.15	13.98	13.90	13.84	13.75

Fiber 23 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, Bicarbonate + Lurol	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Oil Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	12.89	12.80	12.69	12.59	12.51	3.92	95.4%
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.61	0.60	0.60	0.59	0.59	0.19	4.5%
total	400-760	13.49795	13.40275	13.28483	13.18373	13.09997	4.10	99.9%
% fluorescence		4.5%	4.5%	4.5%	4.5%	4.5%	0.05	4.5%
purple	(400)-450	8.7126	8.6168	8.5063	8.4182	8.3422	2.68	65.2%
Blue	450-500	4.1747	4.1828	4.1792	4.1748	4.1704	1.24	30.2%
Green	500-570	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.00	0.0%
Yellow	570-591	0.0604	0.0597	0.0591	0.0576	0.0565	0.02	0.5%
Orange	591-610	0.1761	0.1742	0.1728	0.1704	0.1683	0.05	1.3%
Red	610-760	0.3847	0.3798	0.3780	0.3732	0.3729	0.12	2.8%
total	(400-700)	13.51	13.41	13.30	13.19	13.11	4.11	100.0%

TABLE 29
Fiber 24 - PMMA + Eosin Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil Outside

Fiber 24 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min

Lamp	400-518	13.69	13.11	13.01	12.84	12.64	12.72
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.49	0.47	0.46	0.45	0.44	0.44
total	400-760	14.1806	13.57408	13.46488	13.29157	13.08745	13.16511
% fluorescence		3.5%	3.4%	3.4%	3.4%	3.4%	3.4%
purple	(400)-450	9.6291	9.0682	8.9211	8.7398	8.5535	8.5459
Blue	450-500	4.0575	4.0408	4.0850	4.1040	4.0914	4.1746
Green	500-570	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Yellow	570-591	0.0456	0.0374	0.0362	0.0350	0.0332	0.0325
Orange	591-610	0.1404	0.1264	0.1243	0.1215	0.1201	0.1197
Red	610-760	0.3167	0.3091	0.3061	0.2989	0.2969	0.3000
total	(400-700)	14.19	13.58	13.47	13.30	13.10	13.17

Fiber 24 - PMMA + Eosin
Inside, Eosin + Lurol Oil	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Outside	3 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

Lamp	400-518	12.91	12.48	12.70	12.93	13.08	3.87	96.6%
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.13	3.4%
total	400-760	13.35073	12.91267	13.13371	13.35688	13.50934	4.01	99.9%
% fluorescence		3.3%	3.4%	3.3%	3.2%	3.2%	0.03	3.4%
purple	(400)-450	8.6049	8.2940	8.3781	8.4711	8.5391	2.62	65.3%
Blue	450-500	4.3091	4.1839	4.3231	4.4581	4.5427	1.25	31.3%
Green	500-570	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.00	0.0%
Yellow	570-591	0.0312	0.0309	0.0308	0.0294	0.0296	0.01	0.3%
Orange	591-610	0.1158	0.1154	0.1157	0.1133	0.1139	0.04	0.9%
Red	610-760	0.2972	0.2959	0.2933	0.2922	0.2913	0.09	2.3%
total	(400-700)	13.36	12.92	13.14	13.36	13.52	4.01	100.0%

TABLE 30
Color Breakdown for fluorescence emission of nylon fibers

Color

Fiber

12	Fiber 13	Fiber 14	Fiber 15

	Purple	2.51	2.25	2.47	2.44
	Blue	1.21	1.05	1.07	1.07
	Green	0.45	0.46	0.41	0.27
	Yellow	0.45	0.45	0.38	0.42
	Orange	0.30	0.30	0.25	0.32
	Red	0.41	0.42	0.35	0.42

TABLE 31
Color Breakdown for fluorescence emission of PBT fibers

Color

Fiber

16	Fiber 17	Fiber 18	Fiber 19	Fiber 20

Purple	12.13	0.47	0.17	0.19	0.78
Blue	8.37	0.22	0.09	0.10	0.44
Green	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Yellow	0.00	0.14	0.10	0.10	0.12
Orange	0.00	0.19	0.13	0.13	0.17
Red	0.00	0.44	0.32	0.33	0.41

TABLE 32
Color Breakdown for fluorescence emission of PMMA fibers

Color

Fiber

21	Fiber 22	Fiber 23	Fiber 24

	Purple	2.21	2.97	2.68	2.62
	Blue	0.78	1.41	1.24	2.25
	Green	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Yellow	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01
	Orange	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04
	Red	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.09

The influence of the polymer on the fluorescence emitted by the fibers was measured and compared between the various fibers prepared. The results are presented in FIG. 2D. The data shows that fibers made from polyethylene and PBT fluoresce the most.

TABLE 33
Color Breakdown for fluorescence emission of the indicated fibers

		Polylactic	Poly-
Color	Polyethylene	Acid	propylene	Nylon	PBT	PMMA
Purple	8.81	2.95	7.32	2.51	0.47	2.21
Blue	5.08	1.47	4.00	1.21	0.22	0.78
Green	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.45	0.02	0.00
Yellow	0.00	0.08	0.00	0.45	0.14	0.03
Orange	0.00	0.09	0.00	0.30	0.19	0.06
Red	0.01	0.09	0.00	0.41	0.44	0.10

Example 4 Leaching of Photoactivatable Agent Out of Photoactivatable Fibers

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the polymer has an effect on the leaching of the photoactivatable agent out of the photoactivatable fibers. Leaching was measured by placing 0.1 g of fiber in 10 ml of water for 1 day following which the water was assessed for the presence of photoactivatable agent. FIG. 3 shows the leaching of Eosin out of the photoactivatable fibers as defined in Example 3. The detection limit for samples in FIG. 4 was 0.0095 μg/ml. Table 34 outlines the data obtained during this experiment. The data presented in Table 34 and illustrated in FIG. 3 demonstrates that photoactivatable fibers made from polyethylene and photoactivatable fibers made from PBT present the least leaching of Eosin amongst the polymers tested. The data also show that compounding the photoactivatable agent with the polymer of the fiber leads to substantially no leaching of the photoactivatable agent out of the photoactivatable fiber.

TABLE 34
Leaching of Eosin out of
photoactivatable fibers as defined in Example 3

		Concentration
Photoactivatable		in solution	%
Fiber	Photoactivatable agent	(ppm)	leaching

1	Compounded	0.103	0.454
2	Compounded	0.116	0.510
3	Compounded	0.154	0.676
4	Compounded and coated	0.351	1.544
5	Compounded	0.046	0.102
6	Compounded	0.046	0.102
7	Compounded	0.041	0.090
8	Compounded	0.048	0.211
9	Compounded	0.041	0.183
10	Compounded	0.049	0.214
11	Compounded and coated	0.546	2.404
12	Compounded	0.022	0.099
13	Compounded	0.017	0.074
14	Compounded	0.065	0.286
15	Compounded and coated	0.899	3.957
17	Compounded	BDL	N/A
18	Compounded	BDL	N/A
19	Compounded	BDL	N/A
20	Compounded and coated	0.184337	0.4055414
21	Compounded	0.102	0.224
22	Compounded	0.118	0.261
23	Compounded	0.184	0.405
24	Compounded and coated	1.495	3.290

Example 5 Effect of Varying Lamp Height on Fluorescence Emitted by Photoactivatable Fibers

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of varying the blue lamp height on fluorescence emission of the photoactivatable fibers. Measurements are presented in Tables 35-38 below.

TABLE 35
Blue lamp output

Height	Energy	Change		Percent
(cm)	(J/cm2)	in height	Change in energy	Energy increase

5	30.43
3.75	39.15	−1.25	8.72	22.28
2.5	49.78	−1.25	10.63	21.35

TABLE 36
Influence of height of blue lamp from nylon photoactivatable fibers on fluorescence emission

0-5 minutes

5-10 minutes

				Percent				Percent
Height	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy
(cm)	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase

5	1.59				1.02
3.75	1.64	−1.25	0.05	3.19	0.96	−1.25	−0.06	−6.60
2.5	1.90	−1.25	0.26	15.66	1.09	−1.25	0.13	13.83

TABLE 37
Influence of height of blue lamp from PBT photoactivatable fibers on fluorescence emission

0-5 minutes

5-10 minutes

				Percent				Percent
Height	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy
(cm)	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase

5	0.77				0.67
2.5	1.04	−2.50	0.28	26.54	0.80	−2.50	0.13	19.88

TABLE 38
Influence of height of blue lamp from PLA photoactivatable fibers on fluorescence emission

0-5 minutes

5-10 minutes

				Percent				Percent
Height	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy	Energy	Change	Change in	Energy
(cm)	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase	(J/cm2)	in height	energy	increase

5	0.28				0.24
2.5	0.39	−2.50	0.11	27.25	0.25	−2.50	0.01	2.83

As the blue lamp height decreases, the fluorescence and the energy produced by the photoactivatable fiber increases in a non-linear fashion. For nylon fibers, the effect is seen in the first five minutes. The fluorescence and energy are 12.95 mW/cm² for fluorescence and 1.90 J/cm² for energy. After five minutes, it was observed that the fluorescence and the energy were similar. For PBT fibers, decreasing the lamp height increases both fluorescence and energy. However, photobleaching occurs more rapidly. For PLA fibers, decreasing the lamp height increases fluorescence at first. Photobleaching occurs at a rate such that after 7 minutes the fluorescence is lower when the lamp is closer.

Example 6 Effect of Addition of a Lubricant on the Fluorescence Emitted from Eosin Y

The purpose of this experiment was to assess if addition of a lubricant affects the emission of fluorescence of a solution of Eosin Y. When lurol oil is added to a solution of Eosin Y in water the solution immediately turns from an orange color to a pink color. It also may get slightly bubbly. A quick check of the solution with lurol oil shows that the solution is one layer, completely miscible, with no visible precipitate. The effect of lurol oil was compared by adding 320 μL to a 2 mL solution of 109 μg/g Eosin Y. The no lurol oil solution had 320 μL. of water added. The fluorescence of these two solutions was measured to determine if the lurol oil had any effect (FIG. 4). The results indicated that the lurol oil has an effect of the Eosin Y solution, as the lurol oil solution was almost twice as fluorescent and barely photodegraded. Also, the fluorescence of the lurol oil is red shifted, such that some yellow and orange are observed. Under the blue lamp the lurol oil solution looks almost orange, while the solution without lurol oil was green.

Example 7 Effect of Addition of a Lubricant on the Fluorescence Emission of Photoactivatable Fibers

The presence of a lubricant was shown to have an effect on the doped fibers and their fluorescence. In the case of low concentrations of chromophore it can slightly red shift, and reduces bleaching time considerably. In higher concentrations of chromophore it red shifts, as well as increase fluorescence. The most effect seems to be around 10 g/L of lurol oil. Initially the fluorescence of Eosin Y doped fibers was 0.01 (FIG. 5A), but with the lurol oil added the fluorescence is boosted to 0.7. A comparison was done of Eosin Y and Fluorescein at the same concentration with lurol oil added. It would appear that while they start out similarly in fluorescence, the fluorescein photo-degrades faster (FIG. 5B).

Example 8 Preparation of Photoactivatable Fibers with Multiple Layers of Photoactivatable Agents

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if adding more than one layer of photoactivatable agents onto the polymeric fibers affect the emission of fluorescence. For this, the following photoactivatable fibers were prepared. The polypropylene polymer was compounded with the photoactivatable agent (Eosin Y:fluorescein) at around 0.8-1.0% w/w and the polymer was then hardened and cut into small pieces. This polymer was processed into the hopper and it was extruded into a fiber at specific micron sizes (FIG. 6A: 31 microns) (FIG. 6B: 93 microns). As it was exiting from the machine head, it was sprayed with a composition of lurol oil alone, or with a composition of lurol oil and photoactivatable agent, or with a composition of lurol oil and urea peroxide, or with a composition of lurol oil and sodium bicarbonate.

The amount of fluorophore is determinant for overall fluorescence of the photoactivatable fibers. As the layer level increases the overall fluorescence also increases. The increase is not linear, and doubling the fiber content does not double the fluorescence. It is clear however that 6 layers out preforms both 4 and 2 layers of the same material.

Example 9 Influence of with Multiple Layers of Photoactivatable Agents on Fluorescence Emission

When the chromophore is situated on the surface of the polymeric fibers, increasing the number of layers also increases the fluorescence of the polymeric fiber. When the chromophore is on the inside, the opposite happens, increasing the number of layers decreases overall fluorescence. The photoactivatable fibers were prepared as described in Example 8. Photobleaching occurs more rapidly when the chromophore is on the inside (FIG. 7). When comparing the 4 layer 50 g/L Eosin Y Outer from Trial 2 and 4 layer 0.5% Eosin Y Inner from Trial 3, the rate of photobleaching is faster when Eosin Y is compounded with nylon. Nylon trial 3 was more successful than nylon trial 2. With less chromophore within the fiber and with less layers, it fluoresced more than with the chromophore coating the fiber. However, photobleaching occurs at a much faster rate. A difference of 2 mW/cm² is observed between them after 10 minutes.

TABLE 39
Color breakdown of the fluorescence emitted

				Trial 3	Trial 3
	Trial 2	Trial 2	Trial 2	2 layers	4 layers
	4 layers	2 layers	4 layers	0.5% Eosin Inner	0.5% Eosin Inner
Color
	50 g/L Eosin Y	50 g/L E:F	50 g/L E:F	Lurol Oil Outer	Lurol Oil Outer

Purple	2.63	6.21	1.87	2.51	0.29
Blue	1.27	3.49	0.90	1.21	0.08
Green	0.22	0.32	0.31	0.45	0.21
Yellow	0.56	0.47	0.66	0.45	0.35
Orange	0.44	0.34	0.51	0.30	0.26
Red	0.50	0.27	0.60	0.41	0.41

TABLE 40
Nylon Run 1-103 microns E/F 10 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Nylon Run 1-103 microns

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

E/F 10 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	21.47	24.99	25.79	26.31	26.83	27.22	27.44
Fluoresc.	519-760	3.12	5.17	4.70	4.34	4.03	3.85	3.68
total	400-760	24.58338	30.15935	30.49297	30.65144	30.85972	31.07188	31.11921
% fluorescence		12.7%	17.1%	15.4%	14.2%	13.1%	12.4%	11.8%
purple	(400)-450	14.2387	15.8609	16.1645	16.2767	16.4031	16.5001	16.5381
Blue	450-500	7.2285	8.9835	9.4986	9.9158	10.3133	10.6121	10.7933
Green	500-570	1.2302	2.1414	1.9567	1.7172	1.5957	1.5291	1.4669
Yellow	570-591	1.1034	1.4359	1.3037	1.1519	1.0679	1.0119	0.9749
Orange	591-610	0.6207	0.8740	0.7901	0.7554	0.7005	0.6657	0.6391
Red	610-760	0.1814	0.8965	0.8084	0.8645	0.8071	0.7795	0.7324
total	(400-700)	24.60	30.19	30.52	30.68	30.89	31.10	31.14

Nylon Run 1-103 microns

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	E/F 10 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	27.69	27.95	28.21	28.36	7.92	87.0%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	3.53	3.49	3.32	3.17	1.18	12.9%
	total	400-760	31.21439	31.43356	31.52938	31.53128	9.09	99.9%
	% fluorescence		11.3%	11.1%	10.5%	10.0%	0.13	12.9%
	purple	(400)-450	16.5781	16.6734	16.7323	16.7269	4.86	53.4%
	Blue	450-500	11.0066	11.1705	11.3788	11.5401	3.03	33.3%
	Green	500-570	1.4155	1.3995	1.3350	1.2853	0.47	5.2%
	Yellow	570-591	0.9367	0.9109	0.8637	0.8309	0.32	3.5%
	Orange	591-610	0.6134	0.5987	0.5662	0.5442	0.20	2.2%
	Red	610-760	0.6883	0.7045	0.6760	0.6255	0.21	2.4%
	total	(400-700)	31.24	31.46	31.55	31.55	9.10	100.0%

TABLE 41
Nylon Run 1-103 microns E/F 20 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Nylon Run 1-103 microns

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

E/F 10 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	19.40	21.27	22.67	22.77	23.13	23.67	24.11
Fluoresc.	519-760	7.72	6.40	5.79	5.81	5.63	5.45	5.18
total	400-760	27.12141	27.67375	28.45756	28.58048	28.76461	29.12852	29.29128
% fluorescence		28.5%	23.1%	20.4%	20.3%	19.6%	18.7%	17.7%
purple	(400)-450	12.6847	13.4080	14.0379	14.1004	14.2567	14.5022	14.6514
Blue	450-500	6.6370	7.7965	8.5687	8.6018	8.8139	9.1072	9.4021
Green	500-570	2.2366	1.8797	1.6972	1.7004	1.6593	1.6050	1.5366
Yellow	570-591	2.4298	1.9811	1.7822	1.7786	1.7244	1.6595	1.5891
Orange	591-610	1.5572	1.2861	1.1626	1.1594	1.1250	1.0824	1.0351
Red	610-760	1.6340	1.3711	1.2534	1.2832	1.2280	1.2135	1.1167
total	(400-700)	27.18	27.72	28.50	28.62	28.81	29.17	29.33

Nylon Run 1-103 microns

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	E/F 10 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	24.51	24.92	25.30	25.57	6.95	80.2%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	5.03	4.87	4.75	4.66	1.70	19.6%
	total	400-760	29.53686	29.79402	30.04862	30.22247	8.65	99.9%
	% fluorescence		17.0%	16.4%	15.8%	15.4%	0.20	19.6%
	purple	(400)-450	14.8214	14.9772	15.1395	15.2521	4.28	49.4%
	Blue	450-500	9.6311	9.8833	10.0927	10.2565	2.66	30.7%
	Green	500-570	1.4934	1.4625	1.4331	1.4059	0.50	5.8%
	Yellow	570-591	1.5402	1.4879	1.4429	1.4163	0.52	6.0%
	Orange	591-610	1.0043	0.9687	0.9394	0.9180	0.34	3.9%
	Red	610-760	1.0842	1.0517	1.0368	1.0080	0.37	4.2%
	total	(400-700)	29.57	29.83	30.08	30.26	8.66	100.0%

TABLE 42
Nylon Run 7 Fluorescein 35 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Nylon Run 7 Fluorescein

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

35 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	10.68	11.92	12.89	13.63	14.33	14.95	15.60
Fluoresc.	519-760	10.30	9.13	8.49	8.01	7.59	7.16	6.83
total	400-760	20.98009	21.05839	21.38843	21.64094	21.92016	22.11076	22.42923
% fluorescence		49.1%	43.4%	39.7%	37.0%	34.6%	32.4%	30.4%
purple	(400)-450	6.7401	7.2458	7.6859	8.0035	8.3020	8.5583	8.8489
Blue	450-500	3.5037	4.2174	4.7250	5.1256	5.5065	5.8505	6.2007
Green	500-570	6.4483	5.8166	5.4777	5.2332	5.0226	4.8153	4.6339
Yellow	570-591	1.8820	1.6354	1.4990	1.3971	1.3096	1.2236	1.1540
Orange	591-610	1.0807	0.9469	0.8767	0.8197	0.7732	0.7270	0.6870
Red	610-760	1.3665	1.2324	1.1575	1.0932	1.0361	0.9634	0.9312
total	(400-700)	21.02	21.09	21.42	21.67	21.95	22.14	22.46

Nylon Run 7 Fluorescein

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	35 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	16.21	16.71	17.21	17.61	4.32	65.4%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	6.42	6.17	5.88	5.65	2.28	34.5%
	total	400-760	22.63264	22.88359	23.0868	23.25756	6.60	99.9%
	% fluorescence		28.4%	27.0%	25.5%	24.3%	0.35	34.5%
	purple	(400)-450	9.0966	9.3179	9.5100	9.6820	2.50	37.8%
	Blue	450-500	6.5468	6.8184	7.1173	7.3422	1.67	25.2%
	Green	500-570	4.4415	4.3017	4.1459	4.0237	1.51	22.8%
	Yellow	570-591	1.0778	1.0244	0.9718	0.9246	0.40	6.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.6431	0.6127	0.5811	0.5564	0.23	3.5%
	Red	610-760	0.8515	0.8318	0.7831	0.7505	0.31	4.6%
	total	(400-700)	22.66	22.91	23.11	23.28	6.61	100.0%

TABLE 43
Nylon Run 9C-103 microns E/F 30/7.5/7.5-4 Layers 0-5 min

Nylon Run 9C-103 microns
E/F 30/7.5/7.5-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	20.92	21.07	21.36	21.56	21.77	21.82	21.92
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.54	1.41	1.39	1.36	1.36	1.34	1.34
total	400-760	22.45942	22.48255	22.74403	22.9241	23.12528	23.16169	23.26146
% fluorescence		6.9%	6.3%	6.1%	5.9%	5.9%	5.8%	5.8%
purple	(400)-450	14.2461	14.0180	14.0744	14.0780	14.0611	14.0484	14.0565
Blue	450-500	6.6739	7.0542	7.2817	7.4833	7.7090	7.7720	7.8656
Green	500-570	0.0700	0.0640	0.0625	0.0652	0.0690	0.0682	0.0698
Yellow	570-591	0.3880	0.3600	0.3510	0.3480	0.3480	0.3455	0.3465
Orange	591-610	0.5250	0.4839	0.4742	0.4657	0.4584	0.4548	0.4544
Red	610-760	0.5830	0.5270	0.5243	0.5075	0.5028	0.4956	0.4916
total	(400-700)	22.49	22.51	22.77	22.95	23.15	23.18	23.28

	Nylon Run 9C-103 microns
	E/F 30/7.5/7.5-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	22.02	22.17	22.33	22.48	6.51	94.0%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	1.33	1.29	1.31	1.30	0.41	5.9%
	total	400-760	23.35004	23.46191	23.64257	23.78278	6.92	99.9%
	% fluorescence		5.7%	5.5%	5.5%	5.5%	0.06	5.9%
	purple	(400)-450	14.0161	14.0168	14.0343	14.0449	4.22	60.9%
	Blue	450-500	8.0056	8.1532	8.3002	8.4356	2.29	33.1%
	Green	500-570	0.0715	0.0696	0.0761	0.0801	0.02	0.3%
	Yellow	570-591	0.3454	0.3405	0.3456	0.3501	0.11	1.5%
	Orange	591-610	0.4491	0.4407	0.4421	0.4408	0.14	2.0%
	Red	610-760	0.4848	0.4631	0.4663	0.4531	0.15	2.2%
	total	(400-700)	23.37	23.48	23.66	23.80	6.93	100.0%

TABLE 44
Polypropylene Run 10 Fluorescein 35 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Polypropylene Run 10
Fluorescein 35 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	34.75	35.18	35.26	35.19	35.26	35.20	35.11
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.58	0.63	0.60	0.46	0.45	0.41	0.38
total	400-760	35.32948	35.80934	35.85791	35.65735	35.70358	35.60884	35.48748
% fluorescence		1.6%	1.8%	1.7%	1.3%	1.3%	1.1%	1.1%
purple	(400)-450	21.5860	21.4518	21.3402	20.8147	20.7911	20.6313	20.4316
Blue	450-500	13.0286	13.5733	13.7616	14.2367	14.3212	14.4363	14.5448
Green	500-570	0.5551	0.5656	0.5458	0.4488	0.4390	0.4082	0.3877
Yellow	570-591	0.1004	0.1011	0.0941	0.0763	0.0704	0.0666	0.0622
Orange	591-610	0.0477	0.0609	0.0577	0.0443	0.0441	0.0397	0.0369
Red	610-760	0.0132	0.0590	0.0608	0.0382	0.0396	0.0282	0.0258
total	(400-700)	35.33	35.81	35.86	35.66	35.71	35.61	35.49

	Polypropylene Run 10
	Fluorescein 35 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	35.10	34.95	34.88	34.86	10.53	98.7%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.37	0.31	0.30	0.29	0.13	1.3%
	total	400-760	35.47158	35.25517	35.18271	35.15384	10.66	100.0%
	% fluorescence		1.0%	0.9%	0.9%	0.8%	0.01	1.3%
	purple	(400)-450	20.3492	20.1362	20.0194	19.9225	6.23	58.4%
	Blue	450-500	14.6194	14.6803	14.7432	14.8173	4.26	39.9%
	Green	500-570	0.3818	0.3440	0.3258	0.3198	0.13	1.2%
	Yellow	570-591	0.0591	0.0486	0.0467	0.0454	0.02	0.2%
	Orange	591-610	0.0364	0.0289	0.0289	0.0273	0.01	0.1%
	Red	610-760	0.0271	0.0182	0.0197	0.0226	0.01	0.1%
	total	(400-700)	35.47	35.26	35.18	35.15	10.66	100.0%

TABLE 45
Polypropylene Run 12 Eosin y 25 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Polypropylene Run 12
Eosin y 25 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	20.35	20.29	20.27	20.23	20.19	20.17	20.12
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.84	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.78	0.78	0.77
total	400-760	21.1856	21.09802	21.06914	21.02316	20.96994	20.94642	20.8899
% fluorescence		4.0%	3.8%	3.8%	3.8%	3.7%	3.7%	3.7%
purple	(400)-450	13.7608	13.4286	13.2875	13.1247	12.9928	12.8698	12.7363
Blue	450-500	6.5846	6.8630	6.9810	7.1075	7.1948	7.2987	7.3816
Green	500-570	0.1434	0.1414	0.1371	0.1356	0.1310	0.1287	0.1287
Yellow	570-591	0.2980	0.2976	0.2957	0.2925	0.2902	0.2867	0.2854
Orange	591-610	0.2576	0.2460	0.2432	0.2400	0.2387	0.2383	0.2366
Red	610-760	0.1509	0.1306	0.1338	0.1319	0.1314	0.1333	0.1302
total	(400-700)	21.20	21.11	21.08	21.03	20.98	20.96	20.90

	Polypropylene Run 12
	Eosin y 25 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	20.13	20.09	20.11	20.09	6.06	96.2%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.77	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.24	3.7%
	total	400-760	20.89411	20.85018	20.8722	20.85232	6.29	100.0%
	% fluorescence		3.7%	3.6%	3.7%	3.7%	0.04	3.7%
	purple	(400)-450	12.6547	12.5548	12.4838	12.4130	3.90	61.9%
	Blue	450-500	7.4711	7.5354	7.6239	7.6759	2.16	34.3%
	Green	500-570	0.1258	0.1257	0.1261	0.1258	0.04	0.6%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2838	0.2835	0.2843	0.2841	0.09	1.4%
	Orange	591-610	0.2356	0.2336	0.2341	0.2328	0.07	1.1%
	Red	610-760	0.1320	0.1260	0.1290	0.1295	0.04	0.6%
	total	(400-700)	20.90	20.86	20.88	20.86	6.30	100.0%

TABLE 46
Polypropylene Run 15B E/F/RB 20/5/5 (g/L)-4 Layers 0-5 min

Polypropylene Run 15B
E/F/RB 20/5/5 (g/L)-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	25.41	25.50	25.59	25.65	25.72	25.76	25.80
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.83	0.78	0.76	0.74	0.73	0.72	0.71
total	400-760	26.23634	26.28132	26.34717	26.39618	26.44999	26.4881	26.5104
% fluorescence		3.2%	3.0%	2.9%	2.8%	2.8%	2.7%	2.7%
purple	(400)-450	16.5085	16.3661	16.2357	16.1308	16.0312	15.9348	15.8525
Blue	450-500	8.8967	9.1325	9.3518	9.5209	9.6896	9.8291	9.9452
Green	500-570	0.0424	0.0335	0.0338	0.0317	0.0318	0.0339	0.0339
Yellow	570-591	0.2430	0.2265	0.2220	0.2187	0.2144	0.2158	0.2143
Orange	591-610	0.2914	0.2797	0.2711	0.2657	0.2593	0.2577	0.2525
Red	610-760	0.2676	0.2562	0.2455	0.2408	0.2358	0.2289	0.2237
total	(400-700)	26.25	26.29	26.36	26.41	26.46	26.50	26.52

	Polypropylene Run 15B
	E/F/RB 20/5/5 (g/L)-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	25.82	25.85	25.91	25.94	7.71	97.2%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.70	0.69	0.68	0.68	0.22	2.8%
	total	400-760	26.51969	26.5395	26.5943	26.62222	7.93	100.0%
	% fluorescence		2.6%	2.6%	2.6%	2.6%	0.03	2.8%
	purple	(400)-450	15.7523	15.7119	15.6652	15.6041	4.81	60.6%
	Blue	450-500	10.0682	10.1388	10.2448	10.3347	2.90	36.6%
	Green	500-570	0.0342	0.0351	0.0372	0.0380	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2133	0.2104	0.2097	0.2118	0.07	0.8%
	Orange	591-610	0.2497	0.2456	0.2409	0.2387	0.08	1.0%
	Red	610-760	0.2135	0.2088	0.2076	0.2058	0.07	0.9%
	total	(400-700)	26.53	26.55	26.61	26.63	7.93	100.0%

TABLE 47
Polypropylene core with Polyethylene sheath, Fluorescein, 30 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Polypropylene core with
Polyethylene sheath,
Fluorescein, 30 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	23.10	24.18	24.29	24.54	24.89	25.20	25.33
Fluoresc.	519-760	1.91	1.56	1.52	1.43	1.27	1.16	1.06
total	400-760	25.01102	25.73662	25.8135	25.97069	26.16178	26.35745	26.39481
% fluorescence		7.6%	6.0%	5.9%	5.5%	4.9%	4.4%	4.0%
purple	(400)-450	14.4848	14.7578	14.8113	14.8620	14.9236	14.9942	14.9548
Blue	450-500	8.4257	9.2502	9.3024	9.5154	9.8149	10.0590	10.2412
Green	500-570	1.2588	1.0645	1.0456	0.9803	0.8771	0.8112	0.7264
Yellow	570-591	0.3698	0.3003	0.2976	0.2783	0.2503	0.2278	0.2113
Orange	591-610	0.2250	0.1784	0.1778	0.1635	0.1457	0.1334	0.1285
Red	610-760	0.2560	0.1919	0.1862	0.1777	0.1555	0.1368	0.1378
total	(400-700)	25.02	25.74	25.82	25.98	26.17	26.36	26.40

	Polypropylene core with
	Polyethylene sheath,
	Fluorescein, 30 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	25.54	25.68	25.76	25.83	7.46	95.1%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.99	0.96	0.88	0.84	0.38	4.9%
	total	400-760	26.52577	26.64275	26.64462	26.66904	7.84	100.0%
	% fluorescence		3.7%	3.6%	3.3%	3.1%	0.05	4.9%
	purple	(400)-450	14.9895	14.9871	14.9555	14.9339	4.46	56.9%
	Blue	450-500	10.4189	10.5712	10.6820	10.7803	2.95	37.6%
	Green	500-570	0.6795	0.6468	0.6059	0.5693	0.26	3.3%
	Yellow	570-591	0.1983	0.1879	0.1763	0.1669	0.07	1.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.1196	0.1159	0.1082	0.1014	0.04	0.6%
	Red	610-760	0.1247	0.1385	0.1210	0.1213	0.05	0.6%
	total	(400-700)	26.53	26.65	26.65	26.67	7.84	100.0%

TABLE 48
Polypropylene core/Polyethylene sheath, E:F:RB, 20 g/:5 g/L:5 g/L-4 Layers 0-5 min

Polypropylene
core/Polyethylene
sheath, E:F:RB,
20 g/:5 g/L:5 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Layers 0-5 min	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	23.53	23.65	23.69	23.72	23.77	23.77	23.83
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.98	0.94	0.89	0.87	0.85	0.83	0.82
total	400-760	24.50132	24.58279	24.58891	24.59305	24.62182	24.6087	24.65408
% fluorescence		4.0%	3.8%	3.6%	3.5%	3.4%	3.4%	3.3%
purple	(400)-450	15.7772	15.6065	15.4681	15.3450	15.1697	15.0644	15.0060
Blue	450-500	7.7480	8.0411	8.2265	8.3771	8.6030	8.7102	8.8288
Green	500-570	0.0396	0.0323	0.0291	0.0276	0.0286	0.0265	0.0275
Yellow	570-591	0.2661	0.2586	0.2495	0.2456	0.2394	0.2338	0.2327
Orange	591-610	0.3425	0.3369	0.3225	0.3156	0.3047	0.3008	0.2960
Red	610-760	0.3442	0.3234	0.3087	0.2973	0.2910	0.2873	0.2772
total	(400-700)	24.52	24.60	24.60	24.61	24.64	24.62	24.67

	Polypropylene
	core/Polyethylene
	sheath, E:F:RB,
	20 g/:5 g/L:5 g/L-4	mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Layers 0-5 min	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	23.87	23.92	23.96	23.99	7.13	96.5%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.82	0.80	0.79	0.78	0.26	3.5%
	total	400-760	24.69701	24.72073	24.74822	24.7711	7.39	99.9%
	% fluorescence		3.3%	3.2%	3.2%	3.1%	0.03	3.5%
	purple	(400)-450	14.9231	14.8477	14.7970	14.7369	4.56	61.7%
	Blue	450-500	8.9500	9.0729	9.1644	9.2549	2.57	34.8%
	Green	500-570	0.0271	0.0281	0.0282	0.0282	0.01	0.1%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2335	0.2282	0.2260	0.2240	0.07	1.0%
	Orange	591-610	0.2944	0.2866	0.2829	0.2797	0.09	1.3%
	Red	610-760	0.2830	0.2709	0.2632	0.2605	0.09	1.2%
	total	(400-700)	24.71	24.73	24.76	24.78	7.39	100.0%

TABLE 49
Royal Carolina Media, Eosin:Fluorescein, 1 layer

RoyalCarolina Media,

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

Eosin:Fluorescein, 1 layer	0	0.5 min	1 min	1.5 min	2 min	2.5 min	3 min

Lamp	400-518	45.18	44.92	44.87	44.82	44.75	44.69	44.66
Fluoresc.	519-760	0.78	0.79	0.78	0.75	0.73	0.72	0.70
total	400-760	45.96064	45.70756	45.64751	45.57463	45.4783	45.41009	45.36403
% fluorescence		1.7%	1.7%	1.7%	1.7%	1.6%	1.6%	1.5%
purple	(400)-450	27.0635	26.5869	26.4423	26.2921	26.1306	25.9930	25.8850
Blue	450-500	18.1148	18.3232	18.4223	18.5199	18.6103	18.6862	18.7644
Green	500-570	0.2912	0.2955	0.2929	0.2800	0.2687	0.2667	0.2642
Yellow	570-591	0.2904	0.2976	0.2912	0.2858	0.2791	0.2745	0.2699
Orange	591-610	0.1584	0.1609	0.1572	0.1555	0.1516	0.1508	0.1445
Red	610-760	0.0470	0.0485	0.0466	0.0461	0.0425	0.0436	0.0404
total	(400-700)	45.97	45.71	45.65	45.58	45.48	45.41	45.37

RoyalCarolina Media,

mW/cm2 at 5 cm

	Eosin:Fluorescein, 1 layer	3.5 min	4 min	4.5 min	5 min	J/cm2

	Lamp	400-518	44.59	44.59	44.57	44.54	13.43	98.4%
	Fluoresc.	519-760	0.68	0.67	0.66	0.65	0.22	1.6%
	total	400-760	45.26928	45.2666	45.23608	45.19001	13.65	100.0%
	% fluorescence		1.5%	1.5%	1.5%	1.4%	0.02	1.6%
	purple	(400)-450	25.7933	25.7023	25.6407	25.5755	7.85	57.5%
	Blue	450-500	18.7845	18.8782	18.9181	18.9484	5.58	40.9%
	Green	500-570	0.2519	0.2550	0.2530	0.2491	0.08	0.6%
	Yellow	570-591	0.2593	0.2589	0.2526	0.2481	0.08	0.6%
	Orange	591-610	0.1426	0.1381	0.1355	0.1327	0.04	0.3%
	Red	610-760	0.0421	0.0382	0.0404	0.0403	0.01	0.1%
	total	(400-700)	45.27	45.27	45.24	45.19	13.65	100.0%

Example 10 Fluorescence Emission of Re-Dipped Photoactivatable Fibers

A solution of Eosin Y in water was prepared at a concentration of 0.1 g/L, and two polypropylene fibers were dipped in the solution to dope them with chromophore. They were then examined for their fluorescence as seen on DAY 1 to determine how well they retain their fluorescence over time as well as if dipped in water how much chromophore is retained. From this experiment, it can be seen that the tips of the fibers retain fluorescence after 3 days.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after one day wherein the fibers were not emerged in water. FIGS. 8C and 8D show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after three days wherein the fibers were not emerged in water. FIGS. 8E and 8F show the fluorescence emission under blue lamp after three days emerged in water.

Example 11 Qualitative Analysis of Dental Fiber Doping

Commercially available dental fibers were dipped into solutions of Eosin Y (300 g/L, 200 g/L, 100 g/L, 50 g/L, 10 g/L, 1 g/L, or 0.1 g/L) for 10 seconds. The fibers were taken out and observed for color, then put under a blue lamp and the fluorescence was observed qualitatively. The 300-100 g/L Eosin Y solutions showed little fluorescence, while the 50 g/L Eosin Y solution showed fluorescence. A significant increase in fluorescence was observed when the 10 g/L Eosin Y solution was used.

Dental fibers were dipped into solutions of fluorescein (50 g/L, 10 g/L, 1 g/L, 0.1 g/L) for 10 seconds. The fibers were then taken out and observed for color, then put under a blue lamp and the fluorescence was observed qualitatively. The 50 g/L fluorescein solution showed fluorescence.

Dental fibers were dipped into solutions of fluorescein:Eosin Y 1:1 (50 g/L, 10 g/L, 1 g/L, 0.1 g/L total chromophore) solution for 10 seconds again. The fibers were then taken out and observed for color, then put under a blue lamp and the fluorescence was observed qualitatively. The 50 g/L fluorescein:Eosin Y 1:1 solution showed little fluorescence. A significant increase in fluorescence was observed when the 10 g/L fluorescein:Eosin Y 1:1 solution was used.

FIGS. 9A-9P illustrate pictures of the fluorescence emission under blue lamp of fibers dipped in a solution of photoactivatable agents, i.e., commercial dental fibers in Eosin Y 50 g/L (FIGS. 9A-9B); commercial dental fibers in Eosin Y 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9C-9D); commercial dental fibers in fluorescein 50 g/L (FIGS. 9E-19F), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9G-9H), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein:Eosin Y 50 g/L (FIG. 9I-9J), commercial dental fibers in fluorescein:Eosin Y 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9K-9L), polypropylene fibers in fluorescein 50 g/L (FIGS. 9M-9N), polypropylene fibers in fluorescein 0.1 g/L (FIGS. 9O-9P).

Polypropylene fibers were dipped in solutions of fluorescein (50 g/L, 10 g/L, 1 g/L, 0.1 g/L total chromophore) for 10 seconds, then taken out and observed for color, then put under a blue lamp and the fluorescence was observed qualitatively. The 50 g/L fluorescein solution showed little fluorescence. An increase in fluorescence was observed when the 10 g/L fluorescein solution was used.

Example 12 Preparation of Photoactivatable Fabric

The polypropylene fiber used in the preparation of the photoactivatable fabric was acquired from Midwest Filtration (West Chester Township, Ohio, U.S.). The fabric tested was composed of polypropylene at densities ranging from 0.45 oz/yd² to 2.50 oz/yd². It was observed that the polypropylene fabric at a density of 2.00 oz/yd² absorbs a significant amount of chromophore, while blocking less light than higher thicknesses (data not shown). A piece of the fabric was dipped in a small chromophore bath without Lurol oil PP-3771 while another piece of the fabric was dipped in a small chromophore bath comprising Lurol oil PP-3771. The dipped fabrics were then roll dried and heated in an oven. The process for the preparation of photoactivatable fabric is illustrated in FIG. 10.

Example 13 Preparation of a Photoactivatable Article of Manufacture

An article of manufacture comprising a photoactivatable fabric is envisioned. In particular, the article of manufacture is a suit made of a fabric comprising fibers (FIG. 11A). In some instances, the fibers entering the composition of the fabric may be made of a virgin polymer, that is to say a polymer that does not comprise photoactivatable agent. In some other instances, the fibers entering into the composition of the fabric may be made of photoactivatable fibers which comprise photoactivatable agents. In the instances where the fabric comprises fibers made of virgin polymer, the fabric or the article of manufacture made with such fabric may be coated, dipped or sprayed with a photoactivatable agent composition so as to deposit photoactivatable agents onto the fabric and into the interstices created between the fibers of the fabric. A composition of lubricant may also be laid onto the fabric so as to facilitate the insertion of the photoactivatable agents into the interstices created between the fibers of the fabric. In this particular example the article of manufacture is a suit which is to be worn by a subject in need of phototherapy (FIG. 11A). The photoactivatable fibers that are preferred for entering into the fabrication of the suit comprise nylon and polyethylene which comprise one or more photoactivatable agent. The resulting article of manufacture (e.g., a suit-like garment) is then photoactivated under light while being worn by the subject in need of phototherapy.

A suit-like garment was prepared by associating two photoactivatable fabrics having the following composition:

• • (1) Photoactivatable fabric #1 was made from polypropylene fibers. The resulting fabric was dipped in the composition of 0.50 g/L Eosin Y+Luroil oil.
  • (2) Photoactivatable fabric #2 was made from polypropylene fibers. The resulting fabric was dipped in the composition of 0.25 g/L Eosin Y+0.25 g/L Fluorescein+Luroil oil.

The juxtaposed photoactivatable fabrics were tailored into the suit-like garment illustrated in FIG. 11B. The two fabrics may be joined, stitched, glued, attached, fused, sewed, or bonded or the like, and thereafter tailored accordingly.

Example 14 Cytokine and Growth Factor Modulations Using Photoactivatable Fabrics

The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of the photoactivatable fibers of the present disclosure on secretion of cytokines and growth factors. To this end, a blue lamp (129.53 mW/cm²) was placed either on top or on the bottom of human dermal fibroblasts (passage #3 (70,000 cells/well) sample stage at 5 cm. Photoactivatable fabrics as identified in Table 50 below were wrapped around the custom made plastic frame (1-3 turn). Slides were filled with ˜1-1.4 ml of PBS and were placed on the stage directly over the fibers. Illumination carried out from bottom to top. Cells were illuminated for 13-15 J/cm² for most of the fibers and media or for 5 J/cm². Cells were then incubated for 24 hours in normal media/IFNg and the supernatant was collected and stored at −80° C. Antibody array assay carried out on the collected supernatant and the expression level of cytokines and growth factors were analyzed and normalizing to IFNg stimulated cells. The results presented in Table 51 are based on at least 50% difference in the expression level compared to non-treated control only.

TABLE 50
Composition of photoactivatable fibers/fabrics

Photoactivatable
Fiber/Fabric	Composition
36	Fabric 1 - polypropylene fibers (blank -
	no photoactivatable agent)
37	Fabric 2: polypropylene fibers + Eosin Y
38	Fabric 3: polypropylene fibers + Eosin
	y and fluorescein
39	Fabric 1 + 1 (2 layers)
40	Fabric 2 + 3 (2 layers)

TABLE 51
Biological effect of Photoactivatable fabrics

Sample

Fabric 1 (Blank)

Fabric 2 (E)

Fabric 3 (E/F)

Fabric 2 + 3 (E + E/F)

Photonic evaluation

	P = 10.11, B = 6.70,	P = 7.41, B = 4.37,	P = 6.69, B = 4.25,	P = 5.30, B = 2.86,
	G = 0.04, Y = 0.00,	G = 0.09, Y = 0.16,	G = 0.13, Y = 0.15,	G = 0.14, Y = 0.26,
	O = 0.00, R = 0.00	O = 0.11, R = 0.05	O = 0.09, R = 0.03	O = 0.20, R = 0.10

Dose

15 J/cm2

15 J/cm2

15 J/cm2

15 J/cm2

Modulations

	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑

Cytokines,	—	—	—	IL-6, GM-	—	GM-SCF,	G-SCF, I-	ANG
Chemokines				CSF,		IL-2, IL-	309, IL-
and Growth				MCP-2		13, GROα,	15, IL-7,
factors						MCP-2,	MDC,
						MCP-3,	TGFβ1,
						ANG	GROα,
							IGF-1
P = purple,
B = blue,
G = green,
Y = yellow,
O = orange,
R = red

The results represented above are from at least two independent experiments for each media.

The results suggest that the illumination of media 2 (Eosin) and media 3 (Eosin/Fluorescein) combined (layered) may have positive impacts on down regulation of 1-309, IL-15, IL-7, MDC, TGFβ1, GROα and IGF-1. These cytokines and chemokines are involved in conditions such as contact allergic dermatitis (1-309, IL-7), psoriasis (GROα, IL-15, IGF-1), atopic dermatitis (MDC), and scarring (TGFβ1). However, these pathologies are complex and usually modulation of more proteins would be preferable.

Variations and modifications will occur to those of skill in the art after reviewing this disclosure. The disclosed features may be implemented, in any combination and subcombinations (including multiple dependent combinations and subcombinations), with one or more other features described herein. The various features described or illustrated above, including any components thereof, may be combined or integrated in other systems. Moreover, certain features may be omitted or not implemented. Examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the scope of the information disclosed herein. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety and made part of this application.

Claims (14)

What is claimed is:

1. A photoactivatable fiber, wherein the photoactivatable fiber comprises:

at least one thermoplastic polymer selected from one or more of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyether sulfone (PES), polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polybutylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polymethyl methacrylate polyester, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and

at least one xanthene dye;

wherein the at least one xanthene dye is compounded and extruded with the at least one thermoplastic polymer;

wherein the at least one xanthene dye is present in the at least one thermoplastic polymer at a concentration of between about 10 g/L and about 100 g/L of the total volume of the at least one thermoplastic polymer; and

wherein the photoactivatable fiber is responsive to actinic light to emit fluorescent light having a power density of between about 0.005 mW/cm² to about 8 mW/cm².

2. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is uniformly dispersed throughout the photoactivatable fiber.

3. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is non-uniformly dispersed throughout the photoactivatable fiber.

4. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is layered on the surface of the photoactivatable fiber.

5. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 4, wherein the photoactivatable fiber comprises at least one layer of the at least one xanthene dye on its surface.

6. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 4, wherein the photoactivatable fiber comprises more than one layer of the at least one xanthene dye on its surface.

7. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one thermoplastic polymer is one or more of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

8. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is selected from the group consisting of Eosin Y, Eosin B, Erythrosine, Fluorescein, Rose Bengal and any mixture thereof.

9. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is Eosin Y.

10. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is responsive to actinic light to emit light having a wavelength of between about 400 nm and about 800 nm.

11. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, the photoactivatable fiber having a linear mass density of between 400 Deniers and 480 Deniers.

12. The photoactivatable fiber as defined in claim 1, further comprising a lubricant.

13. A photoactivatable fabric comprising a plurality of photoactivatable fibers wherein the photoactivatable fibers comprise:

i) at least one thermoplastic polymer selected from one or more of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyether sulfone (PES), polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polybutylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polymethyl methacrylate polyester, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and

ii) at least one xanthene dye, wherein the at least one xanthene dye is compounded and extruded into the photoactivatable fibers;

wherein the at least one xanthene dye is present in the at least one thermoplastic polymer at a concentration of between about 10 g/L and about 100 g/L of the total volume of the at least one thermoplastic polymer; and

wherein the photoactivatable fibers are responsive to actinic light to emit fluorescent light having a power density of between about 0.005 mW/cm² to about 8 mW/cm².

14. A method for effecting phototherapy on a subject, the method comprising:

applying a photoactivatable fiber onto the subject, wherein the photoactivatable fiber comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer selected from one or more of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyether sulfone (PES), polyetherether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polybutylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polymethyl methacrylate polyester, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and at least one xanthene dye; wherein the at least one xanthene dye is compounded and extruded with the at least one thermoplastic polymer;

wherein the at least one xanthene dye is present in the at least one thermoplastic polymer at a concentration of between about 10 g/L and about 100 g/L of the total volume of the at least one thermoplastic polymer; and

illuminating the photoactivatable fiber; wherein illumination of the photoactivatable fiber causes the photoactivatable fiber to emit fluorescent light having a power density of between about 0.005 mW/cm² to about 8 mW/cm².

Images