US1135722A

US1135722A - Firearm.

Info

Publication number: US1135722A
Application number: US87624214A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rudolf Rychiger
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1914-12-09
Filing date: 1914-12-09
Publication date: 1915-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 1932-04-13

Description

R. RYCHIGER.

FIREARM.

APPLICATlON FILED DEC-9; 1914. 1,135,722.

Patented Apr. 13, 1915.

INVENTOR 5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

/Z;q ATTORNEY R. RYCHlGER.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9, 1914.

Patented Apr. 13, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SKEET 2.

luv )1. 1 11 |||l|||| INVENTOR 3 flacoef g I v .417 NH R. RYCHIGER.

FIREARM. APPUCATION FILED- DEC. 9, 1914.

Patented Apr. 13,1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES 7 R. RYCHIGER.

FIREARM. APPLICATION FILED DEC.9. 1 914.

Patented Apr. 13, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SEEET 4.

a INVENTOR I l 8y I j A ATT RNE R. RYCHIGEJ.

FIREARM;

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9, 1914.

WITNESSES Q NZ W6; W7, W6.

Patented Apr. 13, 1915;

- 6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

fiff a INVENT ON 1 UNITED strATEs PATENT OFFICE.

nononr RYCHIGER,'-OF TH N; swrrznnnmvn.

FIREARM.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr; 13, 1915.

Application filed December 9, 1914. Serial No. 876,242.

To all whom it may concern: S

Be it known that 1, Recon Ri'oirmen, a

.citizen of the Federal Republic of Switzerland, and a resident of Then, in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland, have invented certain new-and useful. Improvements in Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to that class .of firearms in which the recoil, dueto the firing of a cartridge, is utilized to open the sert a fresh cartridge. from the-magazine, closethe breech and cook the piece.

The main object of the invention is to gen erally simplify the construction of firearms of" the type mentioned, and so arrange 'the several parts as to'permit of their being easily and readily dismantled, and also as.- sembled whenever desired.

Another-object of-the invention is to produce means for rotating the breech bolt and bolt carrier Within the receiver, and to proride a simple means to eil'ectsuch rotation,

which does not involve considerable expense in its construction, yet effects the desired operation with certainty, ease and 'freedom'.

A further objectof the invention is to pro vlde a simple device tolock the firing pin in its position of full cock if necessary, thereby avoiding accidental or unintentional firing and at the'sanie time an unintentional opening of the rifle.

With these. and other objects in view,

\vhich will more fully appear as the nature of the invention'is better understood, the same (fOIlSlSbS'lIl the comb1nat1on,- arangement and construction of parts hereinafter fully described, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that many changes may be made in the size and proportion of the several parts and details of construction within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention. 7

The invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in v. 'hich:

Figiu'el'is a side elevation of the central P 11102 .Of a rifle constructed. in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is even tical section taken therethrough; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken through the same; Fig. i is a section taken on line 4.- -L' of Fig. 2; Fig.5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a section taken on-the same,

.line with the safety mechanism in its operative position; Fig. 7 is a section taken on line 7-4" of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a section taken onvline S8 of Fig. 2; Fig. 9 is a vertical section taken through the base plate or race way on which the receiver actuated by the i recoil moves; Fig. 10 is a plan view of the same; Figqll is asection taken on line 11'11 of Fig. 9; Fig. 12 is a section taken on line 12-12 of Fig. 9; Fig. 13 is a section taken on line 13-13 of Fig. 9; Fig. 14 is a section taken on line 147-14 of Fig. 9; Fig. 15 is a section taken on line 15-15 of Fig. 9; Fig. 16 is a'vertical section taken through the magazine carrying plate of the rifle; Fig. 17.is a section taken on line 17.1T of Fig. 16; Fig. 18 is a section taken on line 1818 of Fig. 16; Fig.19 'is-a vertical section taken through the receiver of the rifle; Fig. 20 is a horizontal section taken therethrough;

- Fig. .21 is an endview of the same; Fig. 22

is a section taken on line 22-422 of Fig. 19; Fig. 23 is a section taken on line 23- 3.of Fig. 19; Fig. 24: is a section taken on line 247 -24 of Fig. '19; Fig. 25 is a section taken on line 25 425 of Fig..19; Fig. '26 is a section taken on line 26-26 0 f Fig. 19; Fig. 27 is a section taken on line 2T27,of Fig. 19; Fig. 28 is a section taken on line 28-728 of Fig. 19; Fig. 29 is a section taken on line 29-429 of Fig. 19; Fig. 30 is a vertical section taken a horizontal section taken therethrough; Fig. 32

through the breech bolt; Fig. 31 is isian end view thereof; Fig. 33 -is a section taken on line 33-33 of Fig. 30; Fig. 34'is-a section taken on line 34-454 of Fig. 30; Fig.

35 is a section taken on line 3535 of Fig. 30; Fig. 36 is-a section taken on line 36-36 of Fig. 30'; Fig. 37 is a vertical section taken through the l reech-bolt carrier; Fig. 38 is a horizontal section taken therethrough; Fig. 39 is anend view thereof; Fig. 40 is a section taken on line 4l:O-40 of .Fig. 37; Fig. 41 is p a section taken on line tl-ii of Fig. 37;

Fig. 42 is a section taken on line 42 -42 of Fig. 37; Fig, 43 is a; plan view ofa portion of a breech-bolt carrier; Fig. 44 is a side elevation,-partly in section, of the firing pin; Fig. 45 plan view thereof, partly in sec tion; Fig 46 is an end view of thesame;

Fig. 47 is a section taken on line 47-47 of Fig. 44; -'Fig. 48 is a section taken online 48-48 of Fig. 44; Fig. 49 is a rear elevation of the end plece of the breech-bolt; Fig. .50

is a vertical section taken therethrough; BY

51 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 52 is a side elevation of the shell extractor; F ig. 53 is a front elevation thereof; Fig. 54 is a section taken, on line 54-54 of Fig. 52; Fig. 55. is a section taken on line 55-55 of Fig, 52;

. Fig. 56 is-a section taken on line 5656 of Fig. 52-; Fig. 57 is a side elevation of the 65 is a plan View of the same Fig. 66 is a front elevation of the safety device and the manual breech-bolt operating means of the firearm; Fi 67 is a section taken-on line 67-67 of Fig. 66; Fig. 68 in a section taken on line 6868 of Fig. 66; Fig. 69 is a side elevation of the means for holding the breech'bolt in its open position after the last cartridge in the magazine has been fired;

Fig. 70 is a front elevation of the same; and

Fig. 71 is a section taken on line 71-71 of Fig. 70. I

In the drawings, the numeral indicates the stock' of the firearm, to which is at tachedby screws 81 and 82 a base plate or raceway 83, that is provided with projections 84, fitting into mcrtises in the stock to properly position, in assembling, the, said base plate or raceway on the stock; Upon the sides of the raceway there are furthermore formed guiding lugs 85, that are seated in grooves 86 of a receiver 87 into which is screwed the barrel 88 of the firearm. The guiding lugs and the grooves'86 on the raceway and receiver, respectively, permit the said receiver and the barrel attached thereto to move through a small distance relative to the raceway. The screws 81, 82 and furthermore ascrew SDserve also to hold upon the stock the base plate 90 of the magazine 91'and of the trigger guard 92. I

The receiver, in which are arranged the various loading, firing and extracting mechanisms, as will be hereinafter described, comprises a substantially cylindrical casing that is open'at its front end, an connnunicates ir. theusual manner with the barrel attached thereto. It s rear end closed by an end piece 93, that is, preferably, screwed into the same, and has pivoted thereto at 94 adown-.

Wardly projecting lever 95, which extends into a recess 96 in the base plate or raceway 83. Between this lever and the end-piece 93 is disposed a strong spring 97 1501 a purpose hereinafter to be described. The lever limits the recoil movement of the receiver 87 and the parts carried thereby toward the rear of the stock and, second, it prevents by reason of its being seated in the recess 96 a disengagement of the end piece from the receiver. The receiver is provided with the serves a twofold purpose, that is, first, it

usual breech-opening, denoted by the .numeral 98-. In the receiver is slidably' and rotatably disposed a breech-bolt carrier 99, which is cored to receive the breech-bolt 100, that constitutes with the bolt-carrier the breech closure of the firearm. The carrier and an interior projection 102; The. exterior projection is .seated in a groove 103 in the receiverv 87. Thisgroove is straight at its front portion 104, spiral at its central portion 105, and extends parallel to the 1ongitudinal axis of the receiver from the spiral portion to the end-piece93, as clearly shown at 106.- The inner projection 102 of the .bolt-carrier extends into a slot 107 in the spiral edges 'reech-bolt, said slot havin 108, that coiiperate with the interior projection 102 of the bolt-carrier in a manner hereinafter to be described; On the breech-bolt are out exterior mutilated screw threads 109,

-meshing with interior similar screw threads isprovided with an exterior projection 101 easy replacement in case of breakage. The,

firing pin is provided with two

studs

116 and 117. These studs are disposed in the same plane and are seated in a longitudinal slot 118 in the breech-bolt. The stud 117 continuously bears against the edge 119 of a recess in the rearportion of the bolt-carrier 99, said edge comprising a straight'portion 120 running parallel to the rear edge of the bolt-carrier, and a spiral portion 121.- The stud 116 is adapted to be seated in arecess 122 in the front portion of the bolt-carrier.

\Vithin the breech-bolt is located a firing;

spring 123, bearing against'the firing pin and against an end-piece 124, that closes the rear end of the breech-bolt. This end-piece, I

is detachable and held upon the bolt in any suitable manner, forv instance it may be pro- .vided with projections 125 that interlock with recessed flanges 126 on. the breech-bol't.

The firing sprin prevents a disengagement of the end-piece romthe bolt. Against the re'ssed by the rearward motion of the reech-bolt carrier and-breech-bolt, tobring I after the reciiil the said breech-bolt and its carrier back totheir closing positions.

In the side of the receiver is formed are cess 12,8,"in which is 'disposed ln-a vertlcal ,-plane a lever 129, that-is pivoted at 130 to the bolt carrier, thereby causing said boltwhen, dueto the recoil, the lever 129 is.

spring extractor 132is fixedly mounted upon in V V The cartridge-magazine 91 is disposed in the base plate or raceway 83. Against. the

carrier.to-move toward the endpiece 93 swung by the receiver backward around its pivot. I p I For removing the spent cartridges, a

the ibre'ech-bolt- This extractor is provided with an inwardly projecting finger 133,,that

engages inthe grooved rim'ofthe shell of the cartridge-for withdrawing the same from the barrel as the breech-bolt moves, due to the recoil, backward, and brings the shellagainsta stop 134 in the receiver, said stop ejecting the shell through the breech-open alinement with the breech-opening. It comrises two )arts that is the magaiine' cas in 135, and the removablebottom136, to which is attached the magazine spring 137, the lat ter carrying a follower 138. 'The bottom 136 has a longitudinal slot 139, whcrehy itis rendered resilient in transverse direction.

There is provided upon the front end of the bottom a lug 140, engaging with a recess in I the base-plate 90, said bottom'haviug also thelug140 is seated in the corresponding upon its sides lu'gsf141,that are also adapted to engage with' the recesses in the said base plate. In putting the cover in place, first recess,-after which the bottom is compressed transversely to permit ofase'ating of-the lugs 141 in their recesses, which lugs willsprln into place as soon'as the cover is release .Withthe follower 138 cooperates the bolt stop, that is to say themeans for preventing the closing of the breech-bolt after the last one of the cartridges 'in the magazine has been fired. This means comprises a slide 142, that is seated in a slot 14.3 in the Wall of the receiver, and hasupon its inner end a shoulder 144:, which is adapted to pro ect into the path of the hreech'bolt.

'A spring 145, carried by said slide'and bea'rmg agalnst the, X'QCOH'OI', holds the said slide in its lower position (Fig. 7). A finger- -piece 146, that projects outside of the re ceiver, is provided for manually actuating the slide. I The shoulder is disposed also in said follower rises in'feeding the cartridges 7 into the barrel and as the last one is fired, breechsbolt carrier and the end-piece93 bears the action spring 127, Wl'llCh 1s com- The firing pin cooperated with a sear 147,

that is located within the. mortise'in the base plate 83, and is provided upon its front'end with an upwardly extending shoulder 148,

that is normally projected by a spring 14:9,

bearing against the searand against a lever 150, into the path of the stud 116'on the firing pin. The lever 150'is pivoted at 151 to the sear, and bears with one of its arms against .the base plate 83 and with its other arm'aga-i'nst ,the sear. The shoulder 148 is considerably higher at one of its longitudinal edges (denoted by the-numeral 152) than at-its other-longitudinal edge (denoted 'by the numeral 153). The purpose of this arrangement'wilI be describedv later. Upon the upper face of the sear are formed two 'ridges 154'. and 155. These ridges form the i fulcrunis around which the sear swings as it IS acted upon by the trlgger 156; more particularly it turns first round the ridgc 151 and then around the ridge 155. As it can be'easily felt upon thetrigger as" the sear reaches one and afterward the other one of its fulcrums, it is obvious that the liriug of thepieoe can be controlled with abs'olute'certainty. In the trigger 156 is formed a downwardly slanting slot 157, through which extends a pivot p n 158, that attached to the base plate or raceway 83. In a recess in the trigger is slidably disposed a spring pressed pin 1439, hearing against a beveled shoulder 160 upon the base plate or raceway 83., A

nose 161 upon the trigger boars against the underface of the. base plate 83, while apro-v jection 162 onsaid trigger is in engagement with the sear 147. It willube observed that,

in pulling the trigger, the rear edge of the seal, is raised, whereby its shoi'rlder 1&8 is

discngagmlfrom the stud 116 on the firing pin, the hrmg spring then causing thc'firing pinto strike and fire the cartridge. The

sp'rh(g pressed pin 15.9, in cooperation with the slanting shoulder 160, causes the trigger 156 to return to "its normal position. The

slot 1737 is provided in the trigger to permit the trigger to more backward as the recoil to assume itsnornial position aft er the firing of the cartridge has taken place. It should takes place. The spring 149 causes the v is . place.

. mounte of this is to permit the stud 116 of the firing pin to ride over the same as the recoil takes The breech-bolt is adapted to be opened manuallv by a sliding rod 163, that is and provided with a handle 165. The sliding rod is rotatably mounted in its guides, and is provided near its forward end with a lug 166,v that is in the normal position of .the rod (Fig. 5 in engagement with a shoulder 167 of, the bolt-carrier. By taking hold of the handle 165 and shifting the rod towardthe rear, the carrier and the bolt will be opened in the same manner as if a recoil The action spring 127 returns the parts to their normal positions. When the rod 163 is in its normal position, a spring 168 on the receiver engages a notch 169 in the said rod, thereby holding the same fixed in position. On therod is furthermore formed a safety dog-170, that is normally seated in a notch 171 in the receiver-.., -This dog is, upon turning the rod 90, adapted to engage the shoulder 167 on the bolt-carrier. In order to bring the said partsin engagement, it is first necessary to disengage the safety dog from the notch 171 by shifting it rearward. After it has been shifted rearward and'given the proper turn, it is forced forward into engagement with a notch 172, that is also formed in the receiver. The distance through which the rod 163 is shifted rearward is greater than and also the breech-bolt.

the extent ofthe forward movement. When the parts .are in these positions, the spring 168 above-mentioned engages with a notch 173 in the rod 163, thereby holding the said rod locked. It is to be observed that when the rod 163 is for the purpose of 'disengaging it from the notch 171 shifted rearward, the lug 166 carries with it thebolt-carrier In shifting it thus rearward, the boltcarrier and the bolt will be given a partial turn, due to thefact that the projection 101 on the bolt-carrier slides in the spiral portion 105 of the groove 103. As this turning motion is given to the bolt-carrier and the bolt, the stud 116 on the firing pin is moved correspondingly and will abut agamst the highest point on the shoulder 118 of the sear. W'hen then the -rod 163 is turned and shifted somewhat forward. the stud 116 will be brought some what away from the highest point of the.

shoulder 14-8. yet it will be held in a position that a pulling of the trigger will not causes. disengagement of the shoulder 1448 from the said stud. The firing pin is thus hold. sailely against unintentional or accidental operation.

The operation of this device is as follows: Let us suppose that the magazine is loaded, the piece is cocked, and furthermore that in guides 164 on the receiver 87,

explodes the cartridge.

be observed thatduring the rearward m0 I ment of the bolt, the extractor 132 with- 120 116 of the firing pin, so that the said pin,

under the action of its spring, strikes and The recoil carries back the barrel and receiver, the bolt-carrier and the bolt. The barrel and the, re-

ceiver move backward a slight distance, about one-quarter of an inch, the lever abutting always against, the rear edge of the recess 96, acting as-a' stop. The spring 97 becomes then operative, and returns the barrel and the receiver to their normal po- 30 sition's. During thep rearward movement,

the lever 129 is swung by the receiver back:

ward, and, inasmuch as ita'blits against. the bolt-carrier, it will cause the same to move correspondingly; more particnlarlyit will-B5 cause the same to move rearward, but at the same time it will be given a partial turn, due to the fact that its exterior projection 101 moves in the spiral portion 105 of the groove 103. The bolt iscaused to move 90 rearward with the bolt-carrier, but, inasmuch as the threads in the receiver run in a direction opposite to'thatof the spiral part of the groove 103, the said bolt wlllbe turned in a direction oppositeto the direc 96 tion of gotation of the bolt-carrier. By-this.

turning movement, the b01618. disen aged I 'pin rides up the incline 121" on thefbolt-can rier and is brought on the straightedge 120, whereby the firing spring is compressed ready to project the firing pin. The action 110 spring 127 returns then the bolt-carrier-and the bolt to their closing positions, but the shoulder of the sear engages first the stud 116 of the firing pin, thereby holding the piece cocked. The boltecarrier and the bolt turn then in opposite directions, until the I I threads 109 on the bolt mesh with; the terior, threads 110 in the receiver. It,

draws the empty shell from the barrel. At the same time obviously a new cartridge; rises in front of the .bolt,-'which will during its closing position place the same in proper position within the barrel. The play now described. is then repeated until the car-Q tridges in the magazine are exhalisted. After the. last cartridge has been fired. the

follower causes the shoulder onthe slide 142 to move into the path ofthe then open bolt, to hold it in open position for loading.

rotating motion of said What I claim is 1. In a recoil operated firearm, the combination with a stock,'of a raceway fixedly attached thereto, a recoilable r'eceiveriupon said raceway, a breech-bolt'carrier rotatably and slidably disposed within said receiver,- a breech-bolt upon said carrier adapted tov rotate in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of said carrier, and means carried by said raceway and actuated by said receiver for causing upon recoiling of .the latter a sliding and rotating motionoi' attached thereto, recoilable receiver upon 531d raceway having an interior groove coinsaid carrier andbolt within said receiver,

2. In a-recoil operated firearm, the combination with a stock, of a raceway fixedly attached thereto, a recoilable receiver. upon said raceway, a breech-bolt carrier rotatably and 'slidably disposed within said receiver, a breech-bolt upon said carrier adapted to rotate in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of said carrier, and a lever pivoted to said raceway and actuated by said receiver for causing, upon recolling of the latter a sliding and rotating motion of said carrier and bolt within said receiver.

3. In a recoil operated firearm, the combinationwith a stock, of a racewayfixedly attached thereto, a recoilable receiver upon said raceway, abreech-bolt carrier rotatably and slidably disposed within said receiver, a breech-bolt upon said carrier adapted-to rotate in a direction opposite tothedirection of rotation of said carrier, and means carried by said raceway acting upon said carrier and operated by said. receiver for causing upon recoiling of the latter a sliding and rotating motion of said carrier within said receiver and a-correspondingmotion of said bolt.

4:. In a recoil operated firearm, 'thecombination with a stock, of a raceway fixedly at tached thereto, a recoilable receiver upon said raceway, a breech-bolt carrier rotatably and slidablydisposed within said". receiver, a breech-bolt uponsaid-carrier adapted to rotate in a direction opposite to. the direction of rotation of said carrier, and a lever pivoted to said raceway acting upon said'car-' rier and operated by said receiver for. cans: ing upon recoiling of the latter a sliding and carrier within I said receiver and a corresponding motion of said bolt. 1 a

. .5. In a recoil operated firearm, the combination with a stock, of a raceway fixedly attached thereto, a recoilable receiver upon said raceway, having an interior groove com prising a spiral portion and a straight por tion running in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis'of said receiver, sald receiver being furthermore provided with inend-piece' having its terior mutilated screw threads, he direction of'w hich runs opposite to that of'the spiral portion of said groove, a breech-bolt carrier having a fixed projectionseated in said I groove, a breech-boltupon.said carrier pro- I yided with exterior screw threads in mesh with the threads of said rccei ver, and'incans carried bylsaid raceway in engagement w said carri'erand actuated by said reaches prising a spiral portion and a straight portion running in the direction parallel to the-longitudinal axis of said receiver, said receiver being furthermore provided with interior mutilated screw threads, the directlon of which runs opposite to that of the spiral portion of said groove, a breech-bolt carrierlhaving a fixed projectibn seated in said groove, abree'clrholt upon said carrier provided with exterior screw threads in mesh with the threads of said receiver, and a lever pivoted to said raceway in engagement with said carrier and actuated by said receiver for causing upon recoiling of the latter the projectionof said carrier to move along the spiral portion of said groove and an disengagement or said bolt l tOJ'II said receiver.

7. In a recoil operated firearm, the combination with a stock, of a raceway fixedly I attached thereto having a'recess, recoilahle receiver upon said raceway, and end-piece upon said receiver, a lever pivoted to said free end seated in said recess, and a spring between. said end-piece and said lever.

8. In a firearm, the combina ion with a receiver, oi a breech closure .slidably and rotatably disposed therein, a firing pin within said breech closure having a stud, a sear having a shoulder tapering in a transverse direction, said stud engaging when the piece is cooked the lower edge of said shoulder,

means for shifting and simultaneously 'ro, tating said closure and the P111 carried there by, whereby said stud is brought intoengagement with the higher edge oi? said shoulder, and means for locking the elements in such positions, whereby firing is prevented upon actuating said sear,

9. In a firearm, the combination with a mortised base plate, of a sear'therein having a shoulder at its front end and two ridges behind said shoulder, means causing the first ridge behind said shoulder to abut against a stationary part of the firearm, and a trigger acting upon the rear end of said sear for elevating said rear end, whereby said sear turns first upon the first ridge behind said shoulderand then upon the second ridge,

5 10. In afirearm, the combination with a base plate, of a trigger having a -down-.

wardly slanting slot,'a pivot pin extending through said s 0t and into said base plate,

a slanting shoulder in front of said trigger,

10 and a spring pressed pin upon said trigger norxnally in engagement witn uppermost point of'the slanting side of said shoulder,

Signed at Berne, in the-count 01301116,

Switzerland this 12th day of on, A. D. 1914. -f w I RU DOLF RYCHIGERJ Witnesses: v M. BEn'rcmNqnn,1-