US1134857A - Oil-injection device for oil-engines. - Google Patents

Description

R. M. HVlD.

OIL INJECTION DEVICE FOR OIL ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2. I9I2.

1,134,857. Patented Apr.6,1915.

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' recognized as being of high .the engine cylinder srnrns PATENT RASMUS m'nnrm or BATTLE 7 COMPANY, or BATTLE annex, meme-AN, A conronarrou. OF MICHIGAN.-

and useful Improvements in Oil-Injection- Devices for Oil-Engines, of which the following is a specification. his invention relates to improvements in a means for delivering fuel oil tothe com-. bus'tion space of oil burning engines, and more particularly to the delivery and atomization of heavy oils which are not readily vaporized. In engines of the Diesel eificiency, and in connection with which. the known methods of supplying oil are used, there must be employed an excessively high compression" of the air charge in order to obtain the extremely high temperature required for the ignition of the fueljwhich is injected into of alr supplied under high pressure by an auxiliary compressing apparatus of a com plicated and delicate nature. 'The present invention avoids tlie'compllcation of an auxiliary compressing'appara-' tus, and the necessity for employmg excessively high compression of the air charge in the engine cylinder, inter 0122;, because by eliminating the use of compressed air for as in the ordinary iesel engine, it eliminates the refrigerating effect which attends the assage of such compressed airvinto' the c and it enables the eflec'tive utilization of I fuel oils of extremely lowgrade.

. The invention will be more readily understood if, as a preliminary, attention he called to the fact'that inthe composition of all oi-ls commonly available" asen'gi-n'e fuels,

there o'ccu'r some hydro carbons' of relativel high volatility, as compared'with that of the main body of the fuel. Even the heaviest and. least suitable oils for use in oil burning engines contain some percentage however v small, of hydro-carbon constituents, the ignition point of which is materially lower than that of tlie fuel as a whole; and this characteristic, app'ertainin ent invention. I

The principal features of the invention S pec ifi'ea ticn of Letters Patent. A ication-mammary i, 1912. Serial No. 675,028.

the county of Calhoun type, which is] and theinjection' of the fuel properly atomized isefi'ected' by means ombustion. space is herein shown,

to the composition of all fuel oils, is uti zed by the presommmema Dav es For; omnnsrmis.

onrrcn;

Patented pr. 6, 1915 are the use ofan oil containing and vapon izing receptacle as a means for-supplying oil to the combustion space, and the development within said receptacle of an explosionof the vaporized constituents of the oil, prehminary to the combustion of the explosive ents of the fuel charge to the act' 11 ofthat portion of the main air charge W ichoccu pies a defined zone of the heatingchamber, I

wherein it-obtains the highest temperature developed in the air charge and a temperature which is substantially in excess of the mixture in the combustion space, which ex-' temperature of the main portion of the air.

charge in thecombustion space. The heated air 1n said heating-chamber ignites the vaporized constituents of the fuel charge, thereby producing anexplosion in the vaporizing chamber or receptacle in which the charge is confined, and, as above ex- 'plained, this explosion is effective to expel the' unvaporized fuel content into the combustion space of the engine, the receptacle thoroughly atomizing the oil as it issues therefrom A preferred embodiment of the invention v and the mechanical agencies which this embodiment involves are asmall air heating chamber in, open. communication with the combustion space of the engine, a fuel receptacle which servesalso as a vaporization chamber,'and has restricted communication with and restricted communication,

said air" heating chamber also, with the Q under the force'of the explosion.

general combustion space of the engine, and

air and fuelvalves whereby the delivery of the f' auxiliary air and the fuel to the fuel receptacle is controlled; The air heating chamber is arranged wit ample 'su'p'e'r cial surface is provided for the compres- I v relation to the combustions ace of the engine whereby an sion stroke, an adequateamount of heat to obtain the desired'increase of temperature in the heating chamber at the point where it communicates with the fuel receptacle.

The invention will be understood by refercorresponding parts throughout the several views. v

The engine cylinder is indicated generally by the letter A and the piston by the letter,

B. The cylinder may be of any approved construction, and, as shown, is provided with the usual cooling jacket a; The inlet valveis shown at C and the exhaust valve at D. The valves C and D are shown as-fitted in the upper head of the cylinder, and may be operated in any usual manner, for instance, being held in closed position by coil springs E and being opened by levers F which, in turn, are operated by the push rods G, the reciprocation of which is efiected by the two-to-one cam shaft (not shown).

In the embodiment shown, the upper head of the engine is formedat one side thereof with a bore 1, in which is fitted aplug 2.

The lower portion of the bore may be fashioned to support the vaporizer cup 3, constituting an oil'reservoin- As shown, the

cup 3 is of downwardly tapering outline, projecting somewhat into the compression and combustion space H, and the lower portion of the bore adjacent said cup has a cylindrical outline, so that a narrow annular chamber 4 is defined; As shown and preferred, the cup 3 is simply seated or fitted in the lower portion of the bore 1, but if desired, said cup can be made integral with the head of the engine, as is obvious. The plug 2, which has at its lower portion an extended boss 5 that 'fits in the cup 3, is provided with a passage 6, opening to the atmosphere, and with a passage 7, by which oil is fed, the passage 7 forming, in effect, a continuation of an oil supply pipe 8 which leads from any suitable source of sup ly, for instance, an elevated tank (not shown The passage 6 opens-to a valve seat 9, formed in the under face of the boss 5' and is con trolled bya valve 10, the stem 11 of which projects through said passage and beyond the upper end of the plug2. The projecting portion of the valve stem 11 is surrounded by an expansive coil spring 12which acts on the head 13 at the upper end of said stem and serves to hold the valve 10 in closed position. The valve 10 not only controls the passage 6, but it also controls the passage '27,

the latter communicating with the valve seat The tappet 15 carries at its end a screw 16,

by means of which the relative timing of the operation of the valves C and 10 may be regulatedwithin certain limits. The passage 7 at its junction with the duct 14, is controlled by a full inlet valve 17, the stem of which projects beyond the upper end of the plug 2 and is to be operatively connected in any suitable manner to the governor K.

The governor K may be of any suitable construction. As shown, it comprises the well known centrifugal fly-balls which are rotated at a suitable rate of speed by the spindle 30, geared in any desired manner to either the cam shaft or the crank shaft of the engine. When the speed of the engine increases, the balls 20 swing outwardly, thereby, through the levers 21 and 22, lifting the governor Weight 27, which surrounds the spindle 30 and has its lowerend associated in any suitable manner with the forked end of a lever 23. The lever 23 is pivoted on a bracket 24, which may be suitably located on the upper head of the engine, and

it is suitably pivoted to the projecting upper end of the fuel inlet valve 17. It will be noted that when the engine is still, or when its speed is not high enough to bring the governor into action, the lower end of the governor will rest against the stop collar 25 on the spindle 30 and the valve 17 Will have its highest position, thus admitting fuel oil through the duct 14 at a maximum rate. As soon as the governor begins to move upwardly, due to an increase in the speed of theengine, the fuel inlet valve will be proportionately lowered, and the rate at which the fuel passes through the duct 14 will be proportionately reduced.

The cup 3 is in restrictedcommunication with the annular chamber 4 and also with the compression and combustion space H, small openings 18 and 19 being, provided for this purpose. The openings 18 are arranged at the extreme upper end of the chamber 4,

and the openings 19 are arrangldtziast the l Wer end of the cup 3,

with the delivery of the fuel oil to the follow a fuel until the last of it is consumed. The

vaporizer, a small quantity of air, controlled 7 to suit the-requirements by means of the adjusting screw 16, will be drawn in through the passage 6, and this air, with the aid of the heat of the cup 3, will promote the vaporization-of some of the more volatile constituents of the fuel charge. The carbureted air thus formed, during the suction stroke and during the compression stroke, will be effectively confined in the vaporizer cup, due to the restricted openings by which this space communicates with the general compression space.

As the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head is relatively small, and the ultimate compression space of the engine is correspondingly small, the temperature of the main body of the air charge becomes relatively high, but, on account of the relatively large wall surface from which. heat will ,be derived, by the air confined in the annular chamber 4, the temperature of the air at the upper part of this annular chamber becomes materially higher than the temperature of the main body of the-air charge. l

1n the annular air chambe'rcauses their ignition.

The preliminary explosion resulting from the ignition of the carbureted air confined in the receptacle 3 will effect a thorough atomizing, heating, main fuel charge remaining in the receptacle 3 as said charge is forcibly ejected from the openings 19 to mix with'the air contained in the combustion space. Immediately upon the preliminary explosion there will, therefore, gradual slower combustion of the size and number of the openlngs 19 and their disposition With relation to the bottom of the receptacle 3 will, to some extent, depend on the nature of the fuel utilized, but'in all.

cases said openings are selected to effect a thorough atomization of the fuel expelled therethrough by the explosion in the receptacle.

Owing to the thorough manner in which the fuel becomes atomized and heated as it is forcibly ejected from the vaporizer, the

combustion temperature becomes high and the initial working pressure at par. with that of engines working on the Diesel cycle;

than is usual referred to. I

It will be understood that no specific dethereof.

munication and vaporization of the 'and'in open communication with spaceand having a and hence,

pression temperature is materially lower scription herein contained is intended to put any limitation upon the appended claims, except as such is necessary to an expositlon' Having claim:

1. The combination, with a cylinder and a piston of an oil burning engine, the cylin-- der having a combustion space, of an oil reservoir having an area exposed to the combustion space restricted communication with said combus in engines employing the cycle fully described my invention, I-

of said cylinder and haying.

a high efliciency is secured, not- I withstanding the fact that the average com-- tion space, and a restricted chamber in open communication at one end thereof with the said combustion space and inrestricted communication at its other end with the oil reservoir, a portion of the air admitted to the cylinder becoming heated. during compression in the chamber to a degree greater than that of the air remaining in the cylinder and sufliciently to stricted communication between the chamber and. the reservoir, upon the particles of oil in said reservoir which have become vaporized during compression and to thereby cause an explosion. thereof.

.2. The combination with a cylinder and a wing oil reservoir having an area subject to the heat developed in the combustion space act, through the repiston of an oil burning engine, of a vaporand having a restricted communication with said space,.a, small chamber in open" comat one end thereof with the combustion space and at its other end in restricted communication with the reservoir, a fuel passage and an air passage through which oil and air may pass to the reservoir, and means acting intermittently in conformity with the suction strokes of the piston "to control the admission of the fuel charge and the air charge to said reservoir.

j 3. The combination with a cylinder'and a piston of an oil burning engine, a wall of the cylinder adjacent the compression and combustion space thereof being fashioned to provide a restricted chambersleading from said combustion space, of a vaporizing oil reservoir which is disposed concentrically. within said chamber in spaced relation tothe' annular wall of'the-latter, area subject to the heat inthe combustion tion with said space and having also a restricted communication with said chamber somewhat'adjacent the closed end of the the reservoir having anrestricted communica' latter, whereby a portion of the air admitted to the cylinder becomes heated duringcompression in the chamber sufiiciently to act 30 I -'i"meaiisforh'eating the "receptacle to vaporize through the restricted communication between the chamber and the reservoir upon.

the particles of oil in said reservoir which have become vaporized during compression and to thereby cause an'explosion thereof.

4. The combination with a cylinder and a piston of an oil burning engine, the cylinder having a combustion space, of an oil reservoir having an area exposed to the combustion space and having a fuel discharge opening communicating with said space and formed to completely atomize the fuel in connection with its discharge, and a restricted chamber in open communication with the combustion space and wherein a portion of the main air charge attains a I degree of heat greater than that of the rest of the air charge in the cylinder, the restricted chamber being so related to the oil reservoir as to cause its highly heated air to set up an explosion within the reservoir of the particles of oil thereinwhich have become vaporized during compression, the atomizing discharge of the fuel from the reservoir being consequent to said" explosion.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a va porizing .fuel receptacle constructed and arranged to discharge its fuel content in a y ,highly atomized condition into the combusporizing,

:-t ion space of theengine, the engine having the more volatile constituents. of the fuel content thereof, and means for conducting heated air from the combustion spaceinto the receptacle to cause a preliminary explosion within the receptacle of the vaporized constituents of the fuel content thereof,

the atomizin'g discharge of the fuel being I explosion'within the receptacle.

'- 7. In an oil burning engine, means for supplying fuel o 1l to the combustion space thereof, comprising a fuel containing re ceptacle communicating with said combustion space, means communicating with said receptacle for [conveying fuel thereinto, means additional to the main. air supply of the engine communicating with said receptacle for conveying air thereinto, means associated with said receptacle for permitting the entrance thereinto of heated air from said combustion space to cause an exsupplying plosion in said receptacle preliminary to the combustion within said space, and a fuel atomizing outlet through which fuel is discharged into said combustion space from said receptacle, consequent to the explosion therein. I

8. Thecombination with a cylinder and a piston of an oil burning engine, a wall of the'cylinder adjacent the combustion space thereof being formed into. a chamber in open communication with said space, of a vaporizingfuel receptacle constructed to discharge atomized fuel into said combustion space and arranged within said chamber in spaced relation to its surrounding wall and communicating with the space defined by said wall.

9. The combination with a cylinder and a piston of an oil burning engine, of a vaporizing fuel receptacle constructed to discharge fuel into the combustion space of said cylinder and to atomize the fuel continuously with its discharge, awall of the cylinder adjacent the combustion space be- .ing formed to provide a chamber in open communication with said space and surrounding said receptacle, and wherein air from said. space is superheated to cause a preliminary'explosion within the receptacle, the atomizing discharge of the fuel being consequent to such preliminary explosion.

10. In a hydro-carbon engine, the combination of a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a combustion space, a fuel recelving receptacle, means for supplying fuel to said receptacle, means for air to said cylinder, means for supplying air to said receptacle independently of the air supplied to the cylinder, and means for causing an explosion of the content .of' the receptacle which is explosible therein, the receptaclehaving a restricted discharging communication with the cylinder selected to atomize the fuel continuously as it is discharged the'rethrough consequent to said explosion.

11. In a hydro-carbon engine, the combination of a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a combustion space,

' a fuel receiving receptacle, means for supplying fu'el'to said receptacle, means for supplying"air to saidcylinder, means for v supplying air to said receptacle independently of the air supplied to the cylinder,

all of said means acting on the suction stroke of the piston, and means for causing an explosion of the content of the receptacle which is explosible therein, the receptacle having a restricted discharging communication with the cylinder selected to atomize the fuel continuously as it is discharged therethrough consequent to said explosion.

12. In a hydro-carbon engine, the combination of a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder being provided with a combustion space, a fuel receiving receptacle having rei stricted communication with said combustion space at separated points in its length,

means for supplying the fuel to be consumed to-said fuel rece1v1ng receptacle, and means for supplying a limited volume of air to said fuel receiving receptacle, both said fuel and air being supplied on the intake. stroke of the piston, the arrangement being such that a portion of the fuel charge is vaporized on its entrance to the fuel receiving receptacle, which vaporized portion is ignited by heated air from the combustion space entering one restricted opening in said fuel receiving re-. ceptacle, said ignition causing excessive pressure within said fuel receiving receptacle and the expulsion of the remainder of the charge through the other of said restricted openings, said last named restricted opening being selected to atomize the remainder of said fuel charge continuously with its expulsion from said receptacle.

13. In a hydro-carbon engine, the combination of a cylinder having a combustion space and a relatively small auxiliary heating space in open communication with said combustion space, a piston in said cylinder, a fuel receiving cup mounted within said auxiliary heating space, there being a limited area between the walls of said fuel receiving cup and the walls of'said auxiliaryheating space, said fuel receiving cup being provided with relatively minute apertures at separated points in its length, one aperture communicatin with the limited area between the wa s of said cup and said auxiliary heating space, and another of said aperturescommunicating with said combustion space, means for supplyin fuel and a limited volume of air to said el receiving cup on the intake stroke of said piston, the fuel within said fuel receiving cup being partially ignited within the cup, the remainder of the fuel being expelled from the cup by the excess of pressure developed therein,

said fuel being atomized consequent to its passage through said minute aperture last named. k

14. The combination with a cylinder and a piston of an oil burning engine, the cylinder having a combustion space, of an oil reservoir having an atomizing discharge communication with said space, and a restricted chamber in open communication with the combustion space and wherein a portion of the main air charge attains a degree of heat greater than that of the rest of the air charge in the cylinder, the restricted chamberbeing so related to the oil reservoir as to cause its highly heated air to set up an explosion within the reservoir of the particles of oil which have become vaporized therein, the atomizing dischargeof the fuel from the reservoir being consequent to said explosion.

15. An oil burning engine having a cylinder, a piston, an oil cup for supplying fuel oil to said cylinder, means for supplying air to said cylinder to promote combustion therein, and means for supplying charges of oil and air to said cup at definite periods in the running of the engine whereby a percentage of the more volatile constituents of the oil combines with the air to form a combustible mixture within the cup, the heat developed 'on the compression stroke of the piston causing a preliminary explosion within the cup of thesaid combustible mixture, the cup having an opening through which oil is discharged into the cylinder consequent to said explosion and which is formed to thoroughlyatomize the oil continuously with its discharge.

In testimony whereof I have hereuntoset my hand in presence of two subscribing wit-

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