US1797975A - Fuel-feeding device for internal-combustion motors - Google Patents

Description

March 24, 1931. -A.- L. COLMANT FUEL FEEDING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS Filed Sept. 8, 1927 ws vrog 11.5 6 Lou/J (oz IVA/Y7- Patented Mar. 24, 1931 ALBERT LOUIS GOLMANT, OF GLAIABT, FRANCE rem-manure. nnvrcn roa riwrnmrnrco gnusrxon morons Application filed September s 1927, Serial No. 21a,s 11, and in France September 9, 192 v This invention relates to improvements in fuelfeeding devices for internal combustion motors and more particularly to internal combustion motors which use heavy oils and which are self-igniting.

It is known that many modern carburettors have two air inlets. A slight volume of important additional current ofalir, it forms with this latter the optimum explosive mix- I ture which reaches then the working cylinder,

so producing definitively from the carburet- :o tor the explosive charge of the cylinder.

An im rovement consists in sendin directly to t e cylinder, without any additional quantity Oil-11, the initial emulsion, and .in injecting this latter apart in the working cylindegwh'ere it finds only at this moment, the

reqiiisiteadditrional volume of air; this latter a and any. one process. as desired.

The-features of my invention which I consider'noyialarepointed out in the appended claims. The inyention'fitself, however, with I further o andadvantages will best be underst by reference to the following description the accompanying drawing where I have-shown diagrammatically an example of 1: inventions application to a standard tw (stroke cycle engine; in that drawing I have added only the indispensable devices. j

In the drawing, the reference number .1 shows the working piston, 2, is a piston of a very small diameter which moves inside of its 'is also thrown'there apart substantially pure,

special cylinder 3 and ynchmneasly or stair with the piston 1; 4 is the working cylinder;

arrives from thenozzle; 613. special nozzle givmg a v ryv nch u s on; a re ve a l wing the input of the enemies small chamber 15; 8is-conduit lead i mg said small chamber; 9, is an adjuistabletf-jgjegulation 5 an orifice for the input of the emulsion that A valve comprising a stem 12 in threaded engagement with block 13 and having a knurled head 14.; 10, is a super-heating conduit and 11 is a fuel spray valvje.

The usual admission openings and exhausting openings at the lower dead center are not shown, nor the scavenging method, with pure air (fan) or any other manner, nor the type of ignition (ma eto, battery, etc.).

That being granted, i action is as follows: When the pistons go downwards together, a vacuum of a certain value is produced at the u per side of the piston 2. This vacuum is suc that the pressure in the cylinder of the piston at the moment when the fuel is introduced is distinctly inferior to the vapor tension or pressure of the fuel (that is the way a value numerically equal to the pressure at which the liquid begins to evaporate is called). The emulsion, made up of small spherules of, the liquid, then passes instantly into the condition of vapor through the bursting of these spherules. When piston 2 is below the orifice 5, a rich emulsion is taken in. At the same time, the exhausting is produced in the working cylinder, and the burnt gases are scavenged, outwards by pure air, so .as to leave this cylinder full of pure 7 air when the piston -1, by its going up, covers the air suction opening, not shown. Likewise, 'the small plston 2 covers the orifice 5 p and com resses the enclosed emulsion, in its very sma 1 upper dead space and in the small chamber 15 and conduit 8. This compression gives rise to the production of heat which t is due to the kinetic energy of the particles compressed and which contributes to the rise v in temperature and consequentl to the assing of the vapor into the condition 0 dry and very hot vapor. If the adjustable valve 99 9 is completely opened, for example in the case of maxin nmgpower, the conduits 8 and 10 'f coiitinuous unobstructed conduit,

pper"'dead center the charge sucked in'as' an emulsion,whichi so 9 if the'motor hasits normal com ressio'n and the condaitis not superheated. this case,

the valve ll will be open a little after the I middle ofl'the upward course, and then. a, real I a 139mm; 1

9 the quantity ture ignition since the pure air of the working cylinder is compressed apart of the emulsion of the small cylinder, unable to burn for want of air: this emulsion is naturally at a pressure whose value is broadly higher than that ofthe compression fixed for the working cylinder. But, in this case, that is at the upper dead center, or a little before,

that the injection valve 11 will beopen in order to project intoothe combustion chamher the vapour existingin 8 and 10: and it is advantageous to superheat this vapour to increase the speed of the combustion as' well as to oppose the tendency of the va orizedemulsion to' condense itself again un er the influence of the compression.

Then I have so obtained a self-ignition motor burning the heavy oils, and the like, but remaining in the explosion cycle, and

then able of a quick speed, which is, as

known, not the fact for the Diesel cycle.

It is impossible to explain here the numerous applications of this feedin process and I will describe'only one hereina r': the qualities of a motor having an expansion long stroke with a short stroke of admission,

' which has been previously obtained only with a very complex system of rods. Quite the contrary, according to my device,.it issufiicient, in order to reach the same qualities, to dispose an adjustable valve upon the bottom. of the working cylinder and to maintain this valve opened during a portion of the upwards stroke of the piston, and also to re- 'duce' in proportion the ignition chamber.

Furthermore, if this valve is conveniently operated (for example with a sliding cam the motor becomes a variable compression and expansion one, during its r The governing 1s very easily accomp ished by means of the adjustable valve 9. This'latter being placed about the middle of the conduit, the small chamber 15 constitutes. a constant pressure tank, that is the pressure given b cylinder 3. The quantity of emulsion or,

c arge which cylinder 3 is capable of dis charging at a given pressure is greater than of emulsion necessary for the working cylinder 4 under all conditions.

Also the amount of the charge is varied by the adjustable valve 9 so that the proper amount'of charge enters the cylinder 4 to .mix with the volume of air in said cylinder and give the most eflicient mixture. It is also necessary that small chamber 15 have a volume so that it can contain at least one full load charge for the working cylinder 4.

The pistons 1 and 2 are synchronized, and the recharge or partial recharge of small chamber 15, depending on setting of valve 9, takes place simultaneously with the opening of injection valve 11. For each admission of the cylinder 4, the valve 7 only allows the passage of the charge necessary to produce the power desired in cylinder 4. Whereupon pistons 1 and 2 descend, piston 2 creating a vacuum in cylinder 3, the value of which will depend on the amount of charge deliveredto cylinder 4, and which will hold valve 7 in closed position. Consequently, a quantity of emulsion only equal to that previously supplied to cylinder 4 will be sucked into cylinder'3 through orifice 5 and upon compression, since the initial pressure is the same as for the preceding stroke, a pressure equal to that previously existing in cylinder 3 will be created before valve 7 isagain opened, in ection valve 11 again opens and a charge of the same pressure as before will pass through small chamber 15. Obviously, therefore, the pressure within said chamber 15 will be constant for every setting of the adjustable valve 9 and even for maximum opening of said valve, since said chamber has a volume suflicient to contain one charge at full load.

The like process can be applied to a four stroke motor, but the valve 11 is opened only onerevolution out of two the small piston will com ress one time out of two for nothing practica y without any loss of power, the expansion workin recovering the compression workin of t e unused stroke (except the small friction losses).

In the example heretofore diagrammat cally described, the aspirator-compressor is separated from the working cyl nder. But it is obvious that, as well and without any change in the principles of my invent1on,th1s aspirator-compressor can be formedby the rear face of the workin piston and the front part of the working 0 inder, this latter bemg separated from t e crankcase by the cross-head guide in this case with a central rod.

What I claim and desire to secure by Let-- ters Patent of the United States is 1. Method for feeding internal combus.-.

space gt variable volume, of so developing 4 this vo ume at the moment when the fuel is introduced as tocreate therein a distinctly inferior ressure to the vapor tension of "the fuel used: the vapor obtained due to this raising of the vacuum, so as to raise the temperature and bring the vapor close to the condition of a perfect gas, of accumulating thls dry vapor of then compressing in the space of constant compositionindependently of the motor operation in a-iconstant pressure reservoir, of regulating the quantity of this vapor when it leavesthereservoir and prior to the in]ecti0n into the cylinder of the engine, and of mixin this vapor, after its injection into the cylin er, with an invariable quantityof air determined by the cylinder volume.

2. Feeding device for internal combustion engines, comprising in combination, means for introducing a finely atomized fuel into a closed space, a pump having piston forming a wall of said space so as to be able to vary its volume and creating a'vacuum there which carries away the vaporization of the fuel, the vaporized fuel being compressed and superheated by the other movement of the same piston; a reservoir for the vaporized fuel communicating with said closed space, means for regulating the quantity of constant composition dr vapor contained in the reservoir, lace between said reservoir and the cylin' er inlet, and means for injectingthis vapor into the cylinder.

ALBERT LOUIS GOLMANT.

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