US1107130A - Organ-action. - Google Patents

Description

J. lT. AUSTIN. ORGAN AGTION. APPLIOATII FILED AUG. 3, 1911.

1 ,107,1 30. Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

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' www y 'AI/ J. T. AUSTIN.

ORGAN AGTIQN.

APPLIGATION FILED 111111. s, 1911.

1 1 ,1 O7, 1 30. Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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j Jar/7222 17714302722 WJYQXJ/z, y mmh? JQ'. AUSTN.

ORGAN ACTION.

APPLwATloN FILED 1119.3, 1911,

Patented Aug. 11, 1914.

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Ji T. AUSTIN.

ORGAN AGTIDN.

APPLIGATIoN FILED AUG. a, 1911.

1,107,130. Patented'Aug. 11, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Z/Zwzretff 1 fave/250A' fm2@ 114mm 'unifrnn J'QN T. AUSTIN, OF HARTFORD, GONNE() T T, ASSIGlTOR T0 AUSTIN= OR-GAN COM- PANY, OE HARTFORD, GGNN'E?- ICU?, A CORPRATION OF MAINE.

ORGATLACTION'.

il .ll 67.124).

Application filed .Aug

To f/ZZ /L/:tom it muy concern Be it known that I, JOHN T. AUs'rrN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in. the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful limirovements in Organ-Actions, ot which the following is a specification.A 4

This invention is an improved action for Imusical instruments, especially for orghns, for enabling the notes to be selectively sounded on diterent stops or registers of pipes.

The particular embodiment of the inven tion herein shown is adapted for use in an organ, the note Sounding devices of which controlled by perforated note sheets. ln this arrangement the selection of the desired stop determined by the di'llerence in size of the successive -perforations for the same note. These successive perforations operate through a single tracker duct, and a single primary pneumatic, the action of lzich under the control of the di'tlerent .d ,iei'ferations operates one or the other or both ot Lwo Valves or contacts controlling `the two di. cient pipes or registers et pipes to he sounded. The smaller 'perliorations may be utilized to control the sounding ot theI notes in one stop or register ot" pipes while the larger perforations may concur reutly to sound tl notes ot a different. stop or register of pipes. Thus both the solo and the accompaniment of a musical coniposition may be prearranged on the same note sheet by means ot the different sir/.ed perforations, the 4solo or melody notes being represented preferably by the larger perforations and the notes of the accompaniment by perforations of the smaller size.

Figure l of the drawings is avsectional end view of oneof these improved actions Speciticatiot. o;

adapted orelectrical connections. Figs. 2 g

and 3A are fragmentary sectional end views similar to Fig. l, showing the contact lever in ditlerent positions. Fig. 4 is an unden neath view showing the arrangement and relation oi a seriesoi these actions. Fig.

an end view showing one ot' these iniproved actions adapted for pneumatic operation. G is an underneath View of a @fliers Patent Patented Ang. 11, 1914.

Seria?. No. 642,195.

-..en of the actions shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a side View and Figs. 8 and 9 are sectional end 'views showing these actionsI arranged `tor combined pneumatic and electric connections. ,F ig. 'l0 is a. sectional end view of a modified form of this improved action, also adapted for electrical connection.' Fig. l1 is a' sectional end view of another modiication adapted tor pneumatic connection.V

Figs. 12 and 13 are fragmentary end views showing the pneumatic connections of Fig..

1l in different operating positions.

As illustrated in the drawings, these actions are attached to one side of an action bar l, which in. turn is suspended'fromr or siu'iported by means of suitable cross c eats 2 from any convenient part of the trame of the organ. The primary ducts 3 connect with the primary pneumatics 4 and with a4 suitable vacuum chamber 5, which jas herein shown on the opposite side of the action bar from the actions themselves. and extends lengthwise of the bar. lfents 6 ot suitable site enable the primary ducts and pneu matics to be exhausted of the air after they have been tlv-Shed. The ducts 3 lead through any suitable pipes 7 to their respective ducts S ot' a tracker board 9 or any other device suitable for admitting the air to flush the primary pneumatics at the desired time and for the required period,A perforated note sheets l0 `being commonly' employed for this purpose, in conjunction with the aforesaid tracker board.

@ne of the characteristics of this invention is the novel arrangement wherebythe action is operated in a two-phase movement under the control of different volumes or pressures of air yadmitted through the tracker ducts, a light volume or pressure serving to impart to the action its firstn phase movement. the stronger impulse or larger volume serving to impart the seco-ndphase movement, these two phasesv of movement operating different pipes, generally tor the same note. in ditl'erent registers or stops. These different impulses of the air may lic admitted through two different ducts of the tracker board, using a forked connection with the duct tube 7. But they 15.-, which in ti' th )ugh a single nations in the note but followingn each as to register suc duct, being pre-ar-v ff-r in the order renotes.l as snor Each oi' the tracker ducts leads to a primary pneinnatic i 'nbodinicnt herein shown raam or pouch. These f are preferably shown in Il succession, in y actions closer 'ug for cach action ci ample size. Each Jached to or operates upon v.let operating or cont le, which for conciseness ts oit t 'mary ppp-neunl being f t5, in altl order to get tl ile prov lever.

In order connections justed eren when the crean is in full operto` enable the. levers und their to readily examined and ad Iessibly disposed in the ation.y they hf ein shown to be ap a tu; osphere. plied ou the atl'hougli obv 'r in any mee or p rmihder.

each. c

under ot the action bars.

. the atmospheric pressure against the cuter side et the pneumatic pouch l, which rarcomes the o tension ot the spring 18, thus hol ing the contacts 9.5 and 25 away from their respc ive enacting terminal contacts 2i and 28. slight flushing of the pneumatic 4L., due to the passage of one of the .smaller pertorations over its tracker duct partially counterbalances the atmospheric pressure upon the pneumatic, and thus inaugurates the first phase movement of the lever, allowing its least resisting` left hand end te be drawn down by the spring 18, thus closingv the contacts and QT and sounding "Whatever note may be associated therewith. anu'hile, the atmospheric pressure the pouch 1L remains sutliciently strong; to hold the right hand end of the levery to which. it is nearest, thus keeping ion shown in Fig. l by the predominance the contacts 26 and Q8 open. A stronger flushing ot the pneumatic Ll caused by one otl the-larger perforations 16 passing over the tracker duct, further weakens the vacuum in the chamber, and thereby inaugurates the second of the two-phase movements of the lever. rthe weakening allows the spring 1S to overcome the atmospheric pressure and thus to move 'the right hand end of the lever to its position shown in Fie. 3, thereby closing the contacts 26 and 28 and sounding their associated pipe, which is generally ot the same pitch as that controlled by the left hand end ot the lever, xand is also generally in a dill'erent stop or register.

For conciseness and definiteness ot expression, the two-part or twostep or two-period action of the lever is herein designated its twovphase movement. purpose, the term indirectly opposed is ennployed to designate the act-ion or relation to the lever of the opposing spring and pneumatic forces which act upon it at (liderent portions of its length. As will be evident fron the modications shown in the drawings, the relation and application of these forces may be varied according to eirciunstances. i

the arrangement shown in Figs. l to 9 inclusive the springs lS'are shown to be connected to the levers about midway of their length, While the point of connect-ion of the primary pneumatic .is about one-third of the length of the lever from one of its ends. The lower ends of the springs are connected to tension bars i9, which as shown in Figs. l, G and 7 are supported beneath the levers by means of rods 2O attached to any convenient portion of the instrument. These bars extend transversely of the levers, being am l fr.

For the samev made in any length which may be found .105

convenient; and are therefore common to a number of the levers. As a means for adjusting each spring independently of the others their lower ends are connected to removable pins 2l, which extend through suitable holes in the tension bar 19. The springs Gxtend through holes in the tension ybar and Jrhe pins are pushed between any coils of the spring, according to the tension desired, the tension of each spring being lthus easily adjusted by withdrawing the pin, stretching the spring to the desired tension and replacing` the pin to hold it fat that tension. These adjustments maybe advantageously made While the organ is in operation. v

The springs should be adjusted so as to move their respective levers Withsuitable rapidity When the primary pneumatics are tlushed, while allowing the pull of the spring to be overcome by the primary pneumatic when the latter is again exhausted of air. Cushions. 22 are preferably provide-d between the levers 14 and the face of the action bar. These cushions may be the ordinary disk pallets like the pallets 41 of Fig.l 5. rlhey serve to cushion the lclosing movekments of the key levers. As thus arranged,

-the action of the opposing forces is to draw down the longer end of the lever or the end farthest from the pneumatic when the latter is only lightly flushed, as for example, through one of the small note sheet perforations 15, the other end of the leverbeing still held in its resting position,'due to the balance of the forces at that time; the vacuum although lessened by the partial flushing of the pneumatic being sufficiently strong to hold up that end of the lever against the tension of the spring. A' more completeI` flushing of the primary pneumatic, as,l for eizample, through one of the larger perforations 16 of the note sheet, allows the lever tolfyield entirely tothe tension of the spring, which ,therefore moves the lever to the position shown in Fig'B.

The first phfase of movement operates only the note sounding connections, Whether electrical or pneumatic, at the longer and freer end of the lever, Whereas the second phase movement operates the note-sounding connections at the other or shorter end of the lever. This second phase movement may leave both ends of the lever in operativo positions, as shown in Fig. 3, or it may be made to restore the first moving end of the lever to its initial resting position, as shown in Fig. 2, for the purposes and by the means hereinafter described.

llilhen adapted for electrical connections, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the key levers 14 ve provided With contacts and 26, which coact with terminal contacts 27 and 28 of branch electric circuits, leading to suitable electroemagncts 29 or solcnoids, or other suitable electrically operated agencies which in turn operate either directly or by suitable relay systems, the note sounding devices of the different pipes which are to be operated by the respective levers. 1n Fig. 1 is illustratod a suitable arrangement for a pair of branch circuits thus controlled by the tivo contacts carried by the lever 14. ln this instance thesc circuits are completed through a conductor 30 mounted on the lever and electrically connecting its contacts 25 and 2G with the tension spring 18, which is thus utilized an electric conductor in addition to its mechanical function of a spring. The tension 19 to which the lower ends of the springs are connected, may be of conducting material and thus serve also the ad ditional function of a common conductor for the series of springs. ln that case each har has attached to it battery Wires 31 connecting with the batteries 32 beyond which the line Wires 33 extend and are joined at E35, thus flushing the pipes 36 leading to any ,suitable note soundingv devices yfor other pipes.

When adapted for pneu atic service, asillustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, t e levers 40 are provided with pallets 41 and 42 for closing the openings of the ducts or windways 43 and 44, which lead to suitable note sounding devioes either directly or through a suitable yrelay system, which may be of ordinary and vWell-known construction, and therefore is notI illustrated herein. The construction of the action bar 46, vacuum chamber 47, .tracker ducts 48 and primary pneumatic 49 lis similar'to the corresponding parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and already described, eX- vcept for the addition of the Windways 43 and y,4-4 and the stops 50, which in the absence of =the contact wires shown 'in the other ligures are employed for limiting the opening movement of the ends of the levers. The construction, mechanical function and mode of operation of the lever springs 18, tension bar 19, and adjusting pins 21 are the same as those previously described in connection with Fig. 1. These levers 40 are operated lby variations in the balance of the opposing l forces influenced by different pneumatic impulses admitted through 'the tracker ducts 48 from a note sheet having different sized perforations, as already described in connection With Fig. 1. The slighter impulse, due to the partial flushing of the primary pneumatic through a small perforation, allows the primary to be overcome by the tension of the spring, which therefore opens the least resisting left hand end of the lever 40, thus lifting the pallet 41 at that end, and opening the Windivay 43. The stronger impulse admitted through the larger sized perforation allows the spring to draw both ends of the lever in close succession down against their respective stops, thus also `opening' the right hand Windway 44 and operating the note sounding device to which it leads l The arrangement shoivn in Figs. l, 8 and 9 is adapted for both electric and 'pneumatic connections for the lever, being4 in effect a combination of the two systems shown in the previous ligures, each lever being thus adapted to serve four connections, tivo at each end, to four different note sounding devices. The action bar its tracker ducts 56, pneumatic 5j?, branch contacts 58 and4 59, Windways 60 and 61 and stops 62 are similar in construction and mode of operation to those previously described. The lever 64 is provided with d S6 and spring 18 leading baril) lilte those describec in connection with the; previous figures; and is also proviiilcd with contacts 67 and GS and a conducting wire or strip 69, lilre those shown and described in connection ivi b, Fig. l, and operating the same Way. This in l'aet is a eonvertibleform of action, enabling; the electrical connections to be used or not, as may be desired. The conversion may be made by adjusting` the branch contacts .58 and 59 vertically, or by adding or removingu the stops 62. To put the electric system 'ito operation it is only necessary to adjust the branch vcircuits 5S and 59 upwardly so that the movement of the levers (ist will make contact before striking the stops 62; or by removing thosestops altogether, in which latter case the branch. contacts yalso serve as stops for the opening' movement of the lever.

Fig'. 7 alsoillustrates 'further details of au" approved il'orm and arrangement of the action bar. rlhe vacuum chamber 71, eX- tending` lengthwise of the bar, connects at one end by means ot' a pipe 72 With a pump or other suitable means for producing the required vacuum. 'A regulating device ior equ-alizine; the tension of the vacuum in the chamber is also shown in this figure, consisting oi? a diaphragm 73 disposed in a pocket 74 or reservoir, communicating by means of a passage 75 with the vacuum 7l. The diaphragm 7 3 is held outwardly aga-inst the atmospheric pressure induced by the vacuum by means of a spring 76, the tension oi? which serves to maintain the vacuum at approximately uniform tension.

lnsome instances it may be found desirable to avoid concurrent sounding of theA notes controlled by the two ends 'oi' the levers, due to closing the 'tivo branch circuits at the tivo ends of the lever 14, as shown in Fig. 3g or due to opening` both oi the Windvvays 60 and 61 as shown in 9. To avoid this a movable fulcrum is mounted adjacent to the levers, as shown in the various figures, which when applied converts the second phase movement ci' the lever into a swinging movement, which by closing the pallet or by opening the contact operated. by the initial or irst phase movement of the lever, stops the sound of the pipe or pipes controlled by that end of the lever.l The movable fulcrum 8O is herein shovvn as a rodI extending transversely' alongf the underside of. all, or desired number oli' the levers. The ends oit the rod are mounted in rocker arms or plates/2l, 'which lare pivoted at 82 to any convenient 'portion of the frame or console, and are connected by means of rod 83 with a-,suitable knob, lever, or tablet Se con veniently adjacent to the keyboard or else-.

levers effected Will be sounded concurrentlv.

But when moved to the cson position shown in Figs.` 2, 5 and 8, the lever will, after sounding the note controlled by the lirst phase of its movement, shut oil' that note by the second phase ci its movement.

Fig. l0 illustrates a modification ofthe invention adapted for ele rieal connection with note sounding devices. cation is also shown to be adapted foreperation by a pressure "tem instead. of the vacuum system illustrated in the previous iigures, although this may obviously be adapted also to a vacumn system. rihe action bar 87, adapted 'for receiving' any desired number of these actions disposed side by side along the length of the bar, is pro vided with the primary pneumatic 88 connecting by means of the duct 89 fwith a Ipressure Wind chest, and by means of a tracker duct 90 with a tracker board oontrolled by a note sheet asA illustrated in the previous figures. The lever 01 in this instance is shown as a contact Wire, having an insulated connection with the primary pneumatic E58. `This wire is made or" spring metal having an upward set tending to close the pneumatic when the pressure behind it is released by the escape of the air througlf an aperture of the note sheet. The escape of air through a small aperture weakens the pressure suliciently tofallow the spring' of the lever to make Contact with a batteryv terminal 92, Which is electrically extended. to the battery 93. The opposite pole of the battery is connected by meanstof the line wire Elli-and branch Wire Wit'ha solenoid 96 or other agency for energizing onoperating note sounding devices of' the pipe thus controlled by the initial or irstphase of the movement ol' the lever 91, which is also electrically extended bv means of the Wire 97 to solenoid 9G, to complete the circuit. A. more complete release of the presl sure from the pneumatic, through a larger perforation of the note sheet allows a more This modifr 1,

llll

complete collapse of the pneumatic under the continued. pressure ol the resilient lever 91, the continued movement of which carries the resilient battery terminal 92 against the other branch terminal 98, which connects with a similar solenoid 99, the circuit of which is completed through the branch cir.- cuit Wire 100, leading); to the line Wire 94, which is common to any desired number of these branch circuits served by the battery 93.

The arrangement shovvn herein may be ad* justed 'for-operation by a vacuum system like that shown in the previous figures, merely by transposing the positions of the end yof the y chamber to which the duct 89 leads.

Figs-11, 12 and 13 show a further modilication, also operated by a pressure system,

having pneumatic connections for the note l sounding devices. ln this, as in the modification previously described, both note sounding connections are made at one end of the lever, instead or". being` at opposite ends, as in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive. The action bar 105 carrying a desired number ot these actions, is provided with a pneumatic 106 ttor each lever 107 communicating by means at the duct 108 with n'ind chest and by i `ns of the tracker duct 109 with a trac g, operated bv perforated note sheet, in the previous li Atures. @ne end et the lever 1.07 is pivoted t110 to the acnon bar, beit in place by any suitable means, as ample by the. spring lll, which by var the point oi? its application to the lever, relative to the pivot 1.10, is or may be adapted not only to hold the pivotal connection in place, but to serve also as the spring for operating the lever. Gr any desired form of spring 112 may be applied to the lever vvherever required, pressing upwardly in connes tion With the pressure system illustrated in these figures. 'The opposite end of the lever is provided With a pallet 11d, closing thel Windvvay 115, leading to the note sounding devices of the pipe to be operated by the initial or irst-phase movement of the lever. A secondary lever'116, carrying a. pallet 117,

which closes the Windway 118 leading to the note sounding devices of the pipe to be controlled by the; second-phase movement of the i lever, is disposed above and in the pathway of the end 'of the lever, being held in its closed or resting position by means of a spring 119. The passage ol one or" the lsmaller pcrlorations oi' the note sheet over the tracker duct 109 releases the pressure above the pneumatic suiliciently to allow the lever With its pallet to be raised by the spring until it stops against the secondary lever 116, as shown in Fig. 12, thus opening the wiudway and soimding the note controlled by the initial or first-phase movement. A more complete release of the pressure above the pneumatic due to the passage of one of the larger perforations of the note sheet over the tracker allows the key lever to be moved by its' spring with sullicient 'force to move the secondary lever 11G and thus open the-vvindway 118, thereby sounding the note controlled by tbe second-phase movement oi the lever, as illustrated in Fig. 13.

ln order to adapt the modification shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 to a vacuum system like that illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive, it is only necessary to invert and transpose the position of the Windivays 1113 and and the secondary pallet lever 1l. and to apply the spring oi' the lever so as to dra vv it downwardly as shown in l and a, instead ot pressing it upwardly. ln many otherwvays which will be obvious to those familiar with this art, the construction, or arrangement of the parts may be modified., transposed, inverted or otherwise reversed. to suit various requirements or different conditions.

Among the important and use'liul features of this invention are its extended "ty ol control, the simplicity of its parts, and their accessibility for inspection, us* nent and repairs, While under actual ivorlimg conditions, when the organ is in full operation, Without having to enter a Wind chest or tion chamber, in 'which a pressure above or below that of the atmosphere maintainol, this latter advantage being due to the tact that these actions are accessibly disposed in the atmosphere.

l claim as my invention 1. in organ action, including in combina tion an air chamber, a lever disposed outside of the air chamber and provided with means for controlling a plurality of notc-sounding connections, a pneumatic motor communicating With the air chamber, and connected with the lever, and means for controlling the lever by admitting pneumatic impulses ol diierent strength to the air chamber side of the motor 2. An organ action, including in combination a lever accessibly disposed in atmospheric pressure, a plurality of note sounding connections controlled by the lever, a pneumatic motor connected With the lever and exposed to diiierent pressures on its opposite sides, means for admitting ynieumaticl impulses of different strength to one side or' the motor, and resilient means also accessiblv disposed in the atmosphere and ccperatii with the said pneumatic impulses to move the lever.

it An organ action, including in combination a lever provided `with a plurality of note sounding connections accessibly disposed in atmospheric pressure, a tracker duct, a pneumatic motor connected Awith the lever and exposed on one side to atmospheric pressure, and on the other side to varying pneumatic pressures through the tracker duct, and means for controlling the duct te impart to the motor pneumatic impulses or differing strength.

4.-. An organ action, including in combination a lever accessibly disposed in atmospheric pressure, a plurality of note-sounding connections for the lever, a tracker duct, a

lpneumatic motor connected with the lever and exposed on one side to atmospheric pressure, and on the other side to varying` pressures controlled through the tracker duct,

and resilient means for partially balancing' the said atmospheric pressure on one side of the motor.

5. An organ action including 1n combination a lever accessibly disposed in atmostion a lever accessibly disposed in atmos- Apheric pressure, a plurality of note-sounding connections for the lever, a pneumatic motor connected with the lever and exposed on one Aside to atmospheric pressure, means including a tracker duct for communicating pneumatic impulses of varying strength below yatmospheric pressure to the other side of the motor in opposition to the atmospheric pressure', and a spring cooperating; with the said impulses for operating the lever.

7. An organ act-ion, including in combination a lever provided with a plurality of note sounding connections and accessibly disposed in atmospheric pressure, a pneumatic motor connected With the lever, and exposed to atmospheric pressure on one side and to varying pressures on the other side, resilient means applied to the lever at a different. point from the connection between Vthe lever and the motor, and in opposition to the said atmospheric pressure upon one side of the motor, whereby a two-phase movement is imparted to the lever by the cooperation of the pneumatic motor and the resilient means.

8. An organ action, including in combination a llever provided with a.A plurality of 'note sounding connections and accessibly disposed in atmospheric pressure, a pneumatic motor connected' With the lever for holding the lever. in inoperative position relative to its note sounding devices, and resilient means also disposed in atmospheric pressure and acting in opposition thereto to operate the lever against the atmospheric pressure on the motor, the resilient means and the pneulmatic motor being applied at dili'erent points in the length of the lever whereby one of vthe said note-sounding connections is operated in advance of the other note-sounding connedtion. i

9. Organ actions, including in combination a vacuum chamber, a. series of levers' `disposed side by side` in tl accessibly disposed outside the chamber,

vpouch pneumatics connecting the respective levers 'with the Wall of the chamber, and air ducts communicating through the said Wall from the said pneumatics to the chamber and to tracker openings.

l0. Organactions, inncluding` in combination a vacuum. chamber, a series of levers accessibly disposed outside the chamber, pouch pneumatica attached at their edges to the wall of the chamber and attached at their centers to the said levers, and air ducts communicating through the said Wall lfrom the said pneumatics to the said chamber and to tracker openings.

ll. Organ actions, including` in combic nation a vacuum chamber, a series of levers supported on the outer side of a ivall of 'the vacuum chamber, a separate pneumatic ino tor attached to each of the .levers and exposed on one side to atmospheric pressure,

in tracker -the vvali and exposed on one side to atmospheric pressure, spiig opposing the atmosoii ri air ducts mirtend ""f ber to 'the insi',L and d ducts for ad Wealrenthe v 13. @rgan actions,

tion a vacuum chan'ibor, a se .M .Tor enen motor.,

pneumatic motors attachin levers to a'vv'all o t i cl pressure thereoi'i, air ducts com. from the vacuum chamber to the i motors, tracker ducts connecting air ducts with a tracler, and notv having` diilerent sized perforations mit-ting different amounts oiE air to weaken the vacuum in the air ducts.

14. in action for organs, including` in combination a lever provided With a plurality of note-sounding;1 connections, and a pneumatic motor cminecl'ed with the lever and exposed to atmospheric pressure on one side, and exposed to variable pneumatic inipulses on the other side. i

l5. ein organ action, ii nation lever provided n note soundingn connecti tor connected with the CIJ the motors to the vacexposed to variable pneumatic impulses on the other side, and means for resiliently assisting the said pneumatic impulses in operating the lever.A

16. An organ action, including in combination a lever having a plurality of note sounding connections, a pneumatic connected with the lever and exposed to atmospheric pressure on one side, and exposed to a varyingvacuum on the other side, and resilient means connected with thelever for opposing the atmospheric pressure coperating with the said varying vacuum to actuate the lever to make its note-sounding connections.

17. An organ action, including in combination a lever accessibly disposed in the atmosphere and provided with a plurality of connections -tor note sounding devices, a pneumatic motor and a spring for moving the lever, and adjustable means also accessibly disposed in the atmosphere for varying the tension of the spring.

i8. An organ act-ion, including in combination a. lever accessibly disposed in the atmosphere and provided with a plurality of connections for note sounding devices, a pneumatic motor and a spring acting upon thedever in different directions, and means also accessibly disposed in the atmosphere for adjusting the tension of the spring.

19. An organ action, including in combination a lever accessibly disposed in the atmosphere, a plurality of note-sounding connections :tor the lever, a pneumatic motor, and a spring connected with the lever in opposed relation to each other, and means also accessibly disposed in the atmosphere tor adjusting the tension of the spring to increase or diminish the strength of its opposition to the motor.

20. An organ action, including in combination a lever provided with a plurality ot note sounding connections, means for im parting` successive movements to the lever and a ulcruin movable into and out ot position Jor converting movement of the lever into a reverse movement -at one end of the leven.

2l. An organ action, including in combination a lever provided with a plurality of note sounding connections, means for imH parting successive movements to the lever, and a ulcrum movable into and'out of its lulcrum position for converting movement of the lever into a swinging movement upon the said tulcrum, whereby' the first notesounding connection may be rendered inoperative upon the operation ofthe second note sounding connection.

22. An organ action, including in combination a lever having a plurality of note sounding connections, means for imparting tivo-phase movements to the lever, and a fulcrum disposed between the #said note sounding connections of the lever and mov-` able into its fulcrum position whereby the second phase movement of the lever may be converted into a swinging movement, putting one of said note sounding connections into and the other out of operation.

23. Organ actions, including in combination an action bar, a series of levers attached to one side of the action bar, and accessibly disposed in th-e atmosphere, pneumatic motors for the respective levers attached to the same side of the action bar, and exposed to atmospheric pressure on one side, a vacuum chamber upon another side of the action bar, and a series ot air ducts communicating through the bari from the vacuum chamber to the other sides of the .respective pneumatic motors terminating in tracker openings. v

2li. Organ actions, including'in combination an action bar, a series of levers disposed upon one side of the bar and provided with a plurality of note sounding connections, a. vacuum chamber upon the opposite side of the bar, a series of pneumatics actingon the respective levers, and a series of air ducts communicating from -the respective pneumatics to the vacuum chamber.

25. Organ actions, including in combination an action bar, a series of levers disposed in the atmosphere on one side of the bar and provided with a plurality of note sounding connections, a vacuum chamber upon the opposits side of the bar, pneumatic motors. connected to the respective levers, and air ducts communicating through the bar from the vacuum chamber to the respective motors.

26. An organ action, including in combination an action bar, a series of levers disposed side by side in the atmosphere adjacent to one side ot' the bar, note sounding connections appurtenant tothe ends of the levers and to the bar, a vacuum chamber ap,- purtenant to the bar, pneumatic motors for the respective levers, air ducts communieating from the said motor to the vacuum chamber, and tracker ducts leading from said air ducts for admitting air to weaken 'the vacuum in the said ducts.

27. The combination, in organ actions, of an electric circuit, a lever with electrical connections controlling a note sounding device in the circuit, and means for moving the lever, including a tension bar in the circuit, and a spring electrically and mechanically connecting the tension bar with the lever.

28. The combination, inorgan actions, of an electric circuit, a lever electrically connecting` a note sounding device in the circuit, and mechanical means for moving the lever, including aspring` and a tension bar of con-4 ducting material in the circuit, mechanically lli) `cuit for controlling` note sounding devices,

pneumatic means for moving,` the-levers in one direction, and Ineens for electrically connecting the levers 1n the circuit, and

mechanically moving them in opposition to their pneumatic Ineens, including a tension bar'of conducting material 1n the circuit,

case in the Patent Utlice.

[SEAL] momen common to the plurality of levers, and springs of conducting material connecting the tension lber with the respective levers. In testimony whereof l have signed name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 27th day of July, 191,1.

JHN T. AUSTN.

Witnesses:

KARL E. lEiLnn, CARoLNE M. BRECKLE.

I It is hereby certified that in Letters` Patent No. 1,107,130, granted August ll, 19M', upon the application of John T. Austin, of Hartford, Connecticut, for en ilnprovementin '@rgen-Aetione, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction es follows: Page 6, line 9.5, strike out the word to; page 7, line 112.,

for the Word motor reed motors; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the Signed end seele-Ll this 20th dey of Uctober, A. D., 19H.

.L fr. unt/tren,

Acting Commented/m" of Pete/tre.

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