US1103959A - Electric control system. - Google Patents

Description

H. HALL ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 7, 1911.

Patented July 21, 1914.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

INVENTOR WITNESSES J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JAN.7,1911.

1,103,959. n ed July 21, 1914, I L 7 3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

FIG. 2

, WITNESSES J. H. HALL.

ELEOTRIO CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1911.

Patented July 21, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITAESSES IN VE N TOR Me/M ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAY 1!. ALL, or; ornvnnann, onro, AssreNon r THE nmacrnro conrnonrnn AND im'rmrncrunme countr or CLEVELAND, 01110, A conrormrrou or 01110.

ELEC'IRIIIC! CONTROL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J uly 21 1914.

Original application filed September 26, 1910, Serial No. 583,747. Divided and application filed November 8, 1910, Serial No. 590,460. Divided and this application flied January 7, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAY H. HALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Control Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates'to motor control sysstenis, articularly that. fprm in which magnet-ical y-operated switches are used to maize the various connections in the motor circult. In the usual form of such controllers one or mcre auxiliary contacts are used on each switch for controlling the actuating circuits of the switches, and some form ofrelay device is used to obtain automatic acceleration of the motor.

The objects of the invention claimed in this application are-1st. To provide a system by which the motor may be reversed and controlled without the-use of auxiliary contacts or relay devices to control the actuating circuits of the various switches. 2nd. To provide a reversing switch on whose contacts a circuit is never established nor broken, and to' cause the breaking of the motor circuit to, always occur atone pair of contacts which maybe carried by a main switch. I To accomplish this last object it is evident that the main switch must never operate until the reverser is. in its proper position, and that the reverser must never operate while any current is flowing through the motor circuit.

I will now describe my invention in detail, referring to the accompanying draw-.

ings, in which- Figure 1 is a wire diagram embodying my invention. Figs. 2 and 3show in section and elevation the form of roverser switch which I prefer to use. Fig. 4 is a View similar in character to Fig. 2, but showing a modification thereof.

Referring first to Figs. 2 and 3 which show the form of reverser which I prefer to use, d is a frame of magnetic material having two parallel members provided with the two bosses or poles d and (Z on opposite sides of the armature d, which is pivoted between the said members on the pin (F and is. arranged to be attracted to one boss or the other. The armature (Z carries twoinsulated contactsd and d? supported on the insulating members at. These con- Serial No. 601,385.

tacts connect on one side with the stationary contacts (1" and 12", and on the other side with the stationary contacts d and d' (Fig.

. 1). The stationary contacts are mtunted on an insulating support d, as also ale the ter minals d and 11', joined by the fletible connectors f to the contacts (i and ,d". The bosses (Z and (l are surrounded by the Windings d? and d, respectively; and. the boss d" to which the armature (if is pivoted is surrounded by the winding d".

From Fig. 1 it is seen that the {windings (12 and c n are connected in series across the supply mains as follows: From the positive main through the wire 1, the contact d, the winding d, the point 0, the winding at, the contacts 01 and (1' the wire 5, and the motor-field F to .Le negative main. The winding a is in the armature branch of the motor circuit, as will be presently explained, so that each reversal of the armature rotation will reverse the flow of current in the winding, the object of this coil being to prevent the operation of the reversing switch when any motor current is flowing through it. The winding (1 has one termlnal con e ted to the contact (ii-and the otherto the movable contact of the main switch S, actuated by the winding S having one terminal connected to the wire 17 leading to the segments m and m of the master switch'M, and the other terminal to the wire 13 or other connection leading to the contact (5 so that it may be connected to the positive or the negative main according as the contact at engages the fixed contact (Z or cl.

On Fig. 1 it is seen that the acceleration windings S S and S have each one terminal connected to" the fixed contactof a switch which next precedes it in operation, and th other terminal connected to the movable member of the switch which it actuates and to one terminal of a's'ection of resistance. The windings S S and S have each one terminal connected to the wire 13 and their three remaining terminals connected to the segments m a jl m, respectively, of the master switch I Referring now to Fig. 1, as scan as the master-controller handle 0 mo ed to the position 1, the winding (Z is energized by current from the positive through the. wind ing al the wire 12, the auxiliary contacts It and h of the switch S, the wire 12, and the contacts, m and m to the negative. This causesthe reversing switch to operate, connectin d to (Z and (1 to When the controller handle moves to position 2 cur- .rent flows from the positive through the wire '1, the contacts (i and (i the Winding (1,", one terminal of the switch S, the wire 13,'th e windings S S and S in'par- "allel, the wires 14, 15 and 16 in parallel, the

[contacts m m7, and m", and the arm to the negative on the contact m. Current also flows from the positive through the wire 1, the contacts 0i and d the winding (1, the sole noid S of the switch S, the wire 17, and the contacts m and m to the ne ative, which closes the switch S, whereupon 2 connection is broken-between contacts h and It so that currentceasesto flow through the wires 12 and 12 and the winding al is placed in series with the winding 0?. The current through the windings S S and S prevents their respective switches from operating until'they are deenergized. On the closure of the switch S, current flows from the positive through the wire 1, the contacts d and d, the windingd, the contacts of the switch S, the operating winding S? of the switch S, the wire 2, the resistance R, R and R the wire 3', the motor armature A, the wire 4, the contacts at and (l' the wire 5, and the series field F to the negative. This circuit connects all of the resistance in series with the motor and starts the motor at its lowest eed.

As "long as the-master controller handle remains in the position 2, the switch S cannot operate on account of the winding S being energized. If the master controller arm 0 is moved to the position 3, the winding S is denergized, and the switch S is allowed to close providing the current in the winding S is below a predetermined value. Upon the closure of the switch S, the winding S of the switch S is energized, at the same time short-circuiting the resistance R and causing the motor to increase its speed. The switchS will not operate until the master controller arm 0 is moved to the position 4, when its winding S is deenergized, allowing the switch toclose as soon as the current in the winding S1121 diminshes to a predetermined value. This switch then closes, energizing the winding S of the switch S and short-circuiting the resistance R and further increasing the speed of the motor. The switch S is prevented from operating until the master controller arm 0 is moved to the position 5, ,at which time its winding S is decnergized, allowing the switch to close and short-circuiting the last section B of the resistance. The action of the windings S S and S on their respective switches is such that a. large current will cause the switch to remain open, and a smaller current which may be adjusted to a predetermined value on each switch will cause the switch to operate, as above explained, provided the windings S S 9, and S201) are decnergized. On moving the controller arm to the Off-I)O' sition, the main switch S opens, which opens the motor circuit, thereby causing all the switches S, S, and S to drop out, the reversing switch remaining in its operated position. On moving the controller handle to the position 6, the positive is connected to the point 0 through the contacts m and m, and the wire 12, the'auxiliary contacts h and k of the switch S, and the .wire 12, therebyenergizing the winding (2 and sh'ort-circuiting the winding d which causes the reversing switch to operate, connecting its contacts d and d to its contacts d and d, respectively. On moving the controller arm to position 7, the winding S is energized from the positive through the contacts m and m, the wire 17, and the contacts of the reversing switch to the negative, through the wire 5 and the field F. This causes the switch S to operate, closing the motor circuit through all the starting resistance, but the current now flows through the armature in the opposite direction from that before through the following circuit: from the positive through the wire 11, the contacts d and d, the wire 4, the armature A, the wire 3, the starting resistance, the wire 2, the operating winding of the switch S, the contacts of the switch S, the winding (1", the contacts (i and d, the wire 5, and the series field F to the negative; The direction of current has been reversed through the wind-' ing S and'it is also reversed through the windings S 9, S and S since the positive connection is now at the master controller. As the master switch arm is moved step by ste to positions 7, 8, 9,and 10, the

swltches S S and S operate as before to short circuit the starting resistance and bring the motor up to speed. On movin the inaster switch arm. 0 to the off-position, the switch S opens the motor circuit and the accelerating switches dro out. If the master switch arm is move quickly ,from the off-position to position 5, the reversing switch will operate, and then the main switch S will close, all the windings S S and S will be deenergized but the winding S will operate the switch S only when the motor current is below a predetermined value. The operation of this switch energizes the operating winding of the switch S In the same manner this switch does not operate until the motor current is again below a pre' determined value. Likewise when the switch S closes the operating winding of the switch S is energized, but this switch does not close until the motor current is again reduced to a redetermined value and the acceleration of t e motor has taken place mosses a automatically and in the shortest time without exceeding a safe value of motor current. It the arm of the master switch is reversed quickly to position 6, although the winding (Z is now fully energized itwill not operate the reverscr until the switch S has opened a'nd'the motor current actually interrupted, thereby deenergizing llle winding cl.

It often occurs that. the motor circuit contains a large inductive resistance, the arc at the contacts of the switch S will continue to exist for some little time until the switch has reached its maximum op ning position, but the reverser with the construction shown will not operate until the'are has been extinguished and the inotor current definitely interrupt-ed. This action of preventing the operation of the reversing switch does not, therefore, depend upon the position of the switch S, but upon the condition ot'whether or not current is flowing in the motor circuit.

It will be noticed that the switches S, 3 and S are held closed by the motor currentand will, therefore not open until the current in the motor circuit ceases to flow, thereby preventing any are at their contacts at the opening of the switch. -For the same reason the reversing switch cannot operate as long as any motor current flows, and no arc will be formed at its contacts when it is allowed to operate.

1' have shown the preventive operating windings S 8, and S2017 connected in multiple and deenergized one at a time by the movement of the master controlling handle. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these windings may be connected in series or inother combination with proper connections on the master controller to denergize the windings at will as the master controller handle is moved from one position to the next.

When the winding d is energized and the'armature (Z is attracted to the boss or pole (I as hereinbefore described, the winding (Z is short-circuited, and a magnetic flux is set up through the path 0. This will cause the armature (7* to be attracted to the boss d Upon the closure of the main switch the motor current will flow through the winding [1' which is connected to set up a magnetic flux in the direction of the path 2, having the double barbed arrows. This will increase the tiux tending to hold the armature in contact with the boss (5 It now the positive connection is removed from the point 0, the two windings (2 and (Z are connected in series and equally excited. the winding (Z being so connected that it will tend to set up a llltlr. in the path This flux however is opposed in the central arm of the magnetic circuit through the armature by the flux set upby the windings (Z and ti, and will be forced into the path marlted 0 and due. to the small iaap between the armature and the boss 01 this flux will help to hold the armature d in contact with the boss (Z it now the point 0 should be connected to the negative main, the winding (Z would be short-circuitcd, and the wind-. ing (Z would be fully excited. The flux still set up by the winding (Z however, will still oppose the flux set up by the winding "(1 in the central arm of the circuit, and force the, increased fiux of the-winding (5 to 'fiow in the path 0 which will hold the armature in contact with the boss (Z as long as'any motor current flows in the winding (5". If the motor current is now interrupted, the winding a?" will be dee'nergized and the flux set up by the winding d will .follow the path 0 thereby attracting the armature d to the boss d and reversing the connections to the armature. If now the motor circuit is agaln established, the direction of current through the winding will be reversed, and the flux set up in this coil will now be in the direction shown by the path 0 which will assistthe flux set up by the winding d in holding the armature in contact with the boss (Z The armature will continue to remain in this position as long as any motor current flows regardless of whether the windings d and (Z are excited or not. 'When the fiux set up by the winding (Z is flowing in the path 0 any flux set up by the winding (i which would tend to flow in the path 0 would now be opposed by the flux of the winding (2' in the central arm of the magnetic circuit, and the flux; in the winding (i would be directed into the path 0 which would help to hold the arm (17 in contact with the boss d Generally speaking, whenever the winding (Z is denergized the armature 03* will be attracted to that boss whose winding has the excess excitation, but when the winding d is energized it will hold the armature in contact with the boss to which it has been previously attracted, and the windings d and a then both operate to hold the armature in that position. The same effect may be secured by placing windings (Z and (Z similar to d on the respective bosses (Z and (Z adjacent to the windings (Z and (Z as shown on Fig. 4. In this arrangement only one of these windings d and (Z will be energized at a time, and that winding will be energized which is on the side to which the armature d has been just attracted. In the diagram these windings would be located in the wires 1 and 11, and the flux set up by them would be in the same direction as set up by the windings (Z and 03 Assuming that the winding (Z has been energized and the armature (i attracted to the boss d if the windings d and al are now connected in series, the flux set up by the winding (Z will flow in the path 0', and the flux set up by the winding (2 will tend q, and the two windings, therefore, tend to hold the armature d with the boss (i I have pointed out before that this efiect takes place when the winding al is energized, but I-wish also to point out that this eflt'ect will take place when only the two windings (1 and d are energized in series, which occurs when the master controller handle in Fig. 1 is moved to the position 2. The advantage of this action is that after the reverser has operated, the two windings can be thrown in series, .maintaining approximately the same pressure between the reverser contacts, but cutting down the amount of heating in the operating windings.

This ap llcation is a division of my application erial Number 590,460, filed November 3,1910, which is a division of my still earlier application Serial Number 583,747, filed September 26, 1910.

I claim- 1. A reverser, operating windings there for in combination with means ener izing one of said windings for operating t e reverser in one direction and means energizing both of said 'windings each at substantially half voltage for holding said reverser in its operated position.

2. In a reverser, a branched magnetic circuit, an energizing wlnding for each branch.

a current reversmg member controlled by the magnetic circuit and means for causing substantially no flux to flow in one part of the said circuit when the winding for operating the current-reversing member is energized.

'3: In a. reverser, two magnetic. circuits having a common path, a winding for each circuit, a current reversing member controlled by the windings and means for causing substantially no flux to flow in the said path when the winding for operating the current-reversing member is energized.

4. In a magnetically-operated reverser, a reversing member, windings for operating the reversing member in one direction or the other, and a winding adapted to hold the reversing member in its operated position which when energized affects the holding power of both of the said operating windings.

5. In a reverser, a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set of movable reverser" contacts mounted on a movable member of magnetic material, operatmg windings for 1,1oe,see

moving said member in opposite directions to engage said stationary contacts, saidmem ber containing a portion of the magnetic circuit which is common to both operating.

windings.

6. In a reverser,. a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set of movable reverser contacts mounted on a movable member of magnetic material, operating windings for moving said member in opposite directions to engage said stationary contacts, said member containing a portion of the magnetic circuit which is common to both, operating windings, and in which substantially .no flux flows when both windings are encrgized.

7. In-a reverser, a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set of movable reverser contacts mounted on a movable member of magnetic material, operating windings for moving said member in opposite directions to engage said stationary contacts, said member containing a portion of the magnetic circuit which is common to both operating windings, and magnetic means for causing additional magnetic flux to flow in said common portion in the same direction as the flux set up by the winding which last operated said reverser.

8. In a reverser, a magnetic circuit having a movable reverser member a portion thereof common to three energizing windings, one of said windings for operating the reverser member in one direction, a second for operating the reverser member-in the other direction, and a third for holding the reverser member in the last operated position. 9. A reverser, sets of contacts therefor, a magnetic circuit therefor having a plurality of flux paths, a winding for producing a flux in one path for closing one set of contacts, a second winding for producing a flux in another path for closing another set of contacts, and means energized by current through the closed contacts for increasing the flux in the path corresponding thereto.

10. A reverser, sets of contacts therefor, a magnetic circuit therefor comprising a plurality of flux paths, a winding for producing a flux in one path for operating the reverser to close one set of contacts, asecond winding for producing a flux in another path for operating the reverser to close another set of contacts, and a winding in series with the closed contacts for holding them closed.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 4th day of January, A. D. 1911.

JAY H. HALL.

Witnesses:

R. H. BENNETT, H. M. DIEMER.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents, Washington, D. 0.

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