US1053499A - Electric control system. - Google Patents

Description

J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED Home, 1910. RENEWED 00T.19,"1912.

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

)ww w @i/hM 4 W? a ed I J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILEDNOTS, 1910. RENEWED 00T.19, 1912.

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

NW %\N \NN WITNESSES J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED NOV.3, 1910. RENEWED 00T.19, 1912.

1,053,499, Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIG. 4

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FIG.

WITN ESSES ,WM T fi WL lwm- J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.3, 1910. RENEWED 00T,19, 1912.

1,053,499. Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITH ESSE$ INVENTOR UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAY H. HALL, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRIC CONTROLLER AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

Original application filed September '26, 1910, Serial No. 583,747. Divided and this application filed November 8, 1810, Serial No. 590,460. Renewed October 19, 1912. Serial No. 726,808.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAY H. HALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Electric Control Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to motor control systerns, particularly that form in which magnetically-operated switches are used to make the various connections in the motor circuit. In the usual form of such controllers one or more auxiliary contacts are used on each switch for controlling the actuating circuits of the switches, and some form of relay device is used totobtain automatic acceleration of the motor. I I

The objects of my invention are-1st. To provide a systemlbyez-which the motor may be reversed and firtrolled without the use of auxiliary contactsor relay devices to control the actuating circuits of the various switches. 2nd. To provide for accelerating the motor automatically b a control responsive to the current 1n t e motor circuit and under the control of the operator with-. out the use of the usual relay devices. 3rd. To provide a reversing switch on whose contacts a circuit is never established nor broken, and to cause the breaking of the motor circuit to'always occur at one pair of contacts which may be carried b a main switch. To accomplish this last ject it is evident that the main switch must never operate until the reverser is'in its proper position, and that the reverser must never operate while any current is flowing through the motor circuit.

I will now describe my invention in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a wiring dia am embodying my invention. Figs. 2 an tion and elevation the form of reverser switch which I prefer to use. Figs. 4 and 5 show in section and elevation one form of accelerating switch, and Figs. 6 and 7 show in section and elevation an accelerating switch in which the energizing windings are diii'erently arranged.

Referring first to Figs. 2 and 3 which show the form of reverser which I prefer to use, d is a frame of magnetic material having two parallel members provided with the 3 show in sec-' two bosses or poles (Z and d on opposite sides of the armature 03 which is pivoted between the said members on the pin (i and is arranged to be attracted to one boss or the other. The armature d carries two insulated contacts (i and a? supported on the insulating members (2. These contacts connect on one side with the stationary contacts d and d, and on the other side with the stationary contacts at and a? (Fig. 1). The stationary contacts are mounted on an insulatingsupport d as-also are the terminals d and d joined by the flexible connectors f to the contacts d and d. The bosses d and d are surrounded by the windings d and 03, respectively; and the boss cl" to which the armature a3 is pivoted surrounded by the winding (Z From Fig. 1 it is seen that the windings (Z and d are connected in series across the supply mains as follows: From the .positive main through the wire 1, the contact (i the winding (Z the point 0, the winding d, the contacts d and 65' the Wire 5,

and the motor-field F to the negative main. The winding d" is in the armature branch of the motor circuit, as will be presently explained, so that each reversal of the arma ture rotation will reverse the flow of current in the winding, the object of this coil being to prevent the operation of the reversing switch when any motor current is flowing through it. one terminal connected to the contact at, and the other to the movable contact of the main switch S, actuated by the winding S having one terminal connected to the wire 17 leading to thesegments m and m of the master The winding d' has switch M, and the other terminal to the wire 13 or other connection leading to the contact (i so that it may be connected to the positive or the negative main according as the contact d engages the fixed contact d or d".

Referring now to Figs. 4- and 5 which illustrate one form of accelerating switch, 5 is an open rectangular frame of magnetic material secured to the insulating support S This frame has the two bosses or poles S and S projecting toward each other and spaced apart so as to receive between them the body of the plunger or armature S and provide at opposite sides thereof the air gap S next to the boss S and the air gap S next to the boss S. The latter boss is screwed into the side of the frame S By means of this plug the air gap S may be made greater or smaller. The boss S may be made also adjustable. The plug S has a non-magnetic bushing S in which the lower" reduced end S of the plunger-reciprocates.

The plunger body is connected by the rod of non-magnetic material S to the switch arm S pivoted to the frame S at the pin S and arranged to engage the fixed brush or contact S also secured to the support S The shoulder S? on the rod S rests on the frame and prevents the plunger S from falling beyond a fixed limit.

The winding .S surrounds the plunger S at or near the place where it changes its cross-section, that is, where the extension S joins the body. The winding Sfsurrounds the boss or pole S having its area preferably dilferent from that of the upper face of the armature S. v

On Fig. 1 it is seen that the acceleration windings S", S and S have each one terminal connected to the fixedcontact of a switch which next precedes it 1n operation,

. and the other terminal connected to the movable member of the switch which it actuates and to one terminal of a section of resistance.

The windings S S and S have each one terminal connected to the wire 13 and their three remaining terminal connected to the segments in, m, m", respectively, of the, master switch M.

It has been found that the switch shown in Figs. 4 and 5 has the remarkable property of retaining its contacts open when the winding S is excited beyond a predetermined value and of causing its contacts to close'when the excitation in the winding, is lowered to that value. I have found that a very small amount of excitation of the winding S will cause the magnetic pull on the armature S to be greater in the gap S than the gap S for any excitation of the coil S that can operate the switch arm; but if the winding S has operated the switch, the excitation of the winding S cannot cause the switch to open unless its excitation is very large. This effectis obtained when the flux set up by the winding S opposes the flux setup the winding S has been placed beneath the locks the switch open, it is evident that any additional fiux setup by the winding S in the same direction will stilllock the switch open.

Referring now toFig'. 1., as-soon as the master-controller handlero is moved to the position 1, the winding al is energized by current from the positive through the winding d, the wire 12, the auxiliary contacts 71. and it" of the switch S, the wire 12, the contacts m and mi to the negative. This causes the reversing switch to operate, connecting d to (i and d to d. When the controller handle moves to, position 2, current flows, fromthe positive through the wire 1, the contacts 01? and d, the winding (Z one te'rminal of the switch S, the wire 13, the-windings 8 3 and 3 inparallel, the wires 14, 15,"and 16inparal1el, the contacts m, m and m and the arm 0 to the 'negative' 'onithe contact at. Current also 5 flows from thepositive through the wire 1, the contacts 03 and di, the winding d, the solenoid S of the switch S, the wire 17, and the contacts 72'! to mto'th'e negative, which closes the switch S. The connection is broken between contacts m to m so that current ceases to flow through the wires 12 and 12, and the winding d isv placed in series with the windingd. The currentv through the windings 8 8 and a? prevents their respective switches from operatinguntil they are denergized; but on the closure of theswitch 'S, current flows from the positive through thewire 1, the contacts d andd the winding W, the contacts of og the; switch S, the operating winding-S of the switch' S, the wire 2, ,theresistance R, :R, and R thewire 3, the motor armature: A, the wire 4, the contacts d? and d the wire 5, and the series field F to the negative. 10!

"Thiscircuit connects all of the resistance in and starts the motor same time short-circuiting the resistance R and causing the motor to increase its vspeed. 12( The switch S will not operate until-the master controllerarm 0 is moved to the position 4, when its winding S is denergized, allowing the switch to close as soonas the current in the winding S diminishes to a predetermined value. This switch then closes, energizing the winding S of the switch S and short-circuiting the resistance R and further increasing the speed of the motor. 131

to remain open, and a smaller cunent which may be adjusted to a predetermined value on each switch will cause the switch to 0P1; perate, as above explained, provided the windings S are deenergized.

On moving position, the main switch S opens, which opens the motor circuit, thereby causing all the switches S, S and S to drop out,

the reversing switch remaining in its operated position. On moving the controller handle to the position 6, the positive is connected to the point 0 through the contacts m and m and the wire 12, the auxiliary contacts h and h of the switch S, and the wire 12, thereby energizing the winding d and short-circuiting the winding d, which causes the reversing switch to operate, con-i necting its contacts d and d to its-contacts d and d, respectively. i

On moving the controller arm to o'sit-ion 7 the winding S is energized from t e posi-' tive through the contacts m' and m, the wire 17 and the contacts of the reversing switch to the negative, through the wire? 5 Y and the field F. This causes the switch'S to operate, closing the motor: circuit through all the starting resistance, but the, current now flows through the armature in the opposite direction from that before through the following circuit: From the positive thrcugh' the wire 11, the contacts d and d,

the wire 4, the armature A, the wire 3, the

starting resistance, the wire 2, theoperating winding of the switchS, the contacts of the I switch S, the winding 01 the contacts (I and d", the wire 5, and the series field F to the negative, The direction of current has been reversed through the winding S and it is also reversed through the windings-s,

8 and 8 since the positive connection is now at the master controller. a

As the master switch arm is moved step by step to positions 7, 8, 9, and 10, the

switches S, S, and S operate as before to short circuit the starting resistance and bring the motor up to speed. '011 moving the master switch arm 0 to the ofi'-p0sition,

the switch S opens the motor circuit and the accelerating switches drop out. If the master switch arm is moved quickly from the off-position to position 5, the reversing switch will operate, and then the main switch S will close, all the windings S, S and S201) will be deenergi'zed, but the the controller arm tothe ofi'-- winding S will operate the switch S only when the mebereurrent is below a predetermined value. The operation of this switch energizes the operating winding of the switch S In the same manner this switch? does not o'per'atenntil the .motor current is again below a predetermined value. Likewise when the switch S closes the operating winding of the switch S is energized, but

this switch does not close until the motor currentis again reduced to a predetermined value and theacceleratio'n of the motor has "taken place automatically and in the shortest'time withoutexceedin'g a safe value of 1 motor current; If the arm ofthe master switch is reversed quickly to position 6, a1

though thewinding d is now tully'enerit giz'ed it willnot operate the reverser until the switch S has o ened and the motor current actually interryted, thereby de'iiergiaing the winding 2 l f It often occurs that, if the motor circuit contains a large inductive resistance, the'arc at the'contacts of the switch Swill continue to exist for some little'time until the switch '90 has reached its maximumopening'position, Y

but thereve'rser with the construct-ionshown .will notoperate until the arc has beenex tinguished and themotorcurrent definitely interrupted. This action of 1 preventing; the

operation of the reversing switch does not,,;

therefore, depend-upon the position of the switch S, but upon the condition of whether or not current is flowingin" the motor circuit.

' It will be noticed'that the switches S, S and S are held closed by the motorcurrent -and will, therefore, not -open until the currentin the motor circuit ceases tofl'ow thereby preventing any are at their contacts at the opening of the switch: For the same reason the reversing switch cannot operate as long as any motor current 'fiows,and no are will be formed at its contacts when it is allowed'to operate.

I have shown thepreventive operating windings 8 8 ands connected in multiple anddeenergized one at a time by the vmovement of the mastercontrolling handle.

It willv be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these windings may be connected in series or in other combinetions with proper connections on" the master controller to deenergize the windin s at will as the master controller handle is moved ,from one ositi'on to the next. 7

When t e Winding d 'is energized and the armature 03* is attracted to the boss or pole (i as 'hereinbefore described, the "winding d vis "short-circuited, and a magnetic I flux is set up thro-ugh'the path 0; This will"- cause the armature d to be attracted to the boss d Upon the closure of the main switch 'themotor currentwill flow through the winding (Z which is connected to setup a magnetic flux in the direction of the path having the double barbed arrows. This the positive connection is removed from the point 0, the two windings 03 and d are connected in series and equally excited, the winding d being so connected that it will tend to set up a flux in the path 0". This flux however is opposed in the central arm of the magentic circuit through the armature by the flux set up by the windings d and d, and will be. forced into the path marked 0 and due to the small gap between the armature and the boss d this flux will help to hold the armature d in contact with the boss d If now the point 0 should be connected to the negative main, the winding (Z would be short-circuited, and the winding 03 would be fully excited. The flux still set up by the winding d, however, will still oppose the flux set up by the winding d in the central arm of the circuit, and force the increased flux of the winding'ci to flow in the path 0 which will hold the armature in contact with the boss 03 as long as any motor current flows in the winding (Z If the motor current is now interrupted, the winding d .wil-lbe deenergized and the flux set up by the winding al will follow the paths, thereby attracting the armature d to the boss (Z and reversing the connections-to the armature. If now the motor circuit is again established, the direction of current through the winding (Z will be reversed, and the flux set u now be in the direction s own by the path 0 which will assist the flux set up by the I 'winding 03 in holding the armature in contact with the boss 0?. The armature will continue to remain in this position as long as any motor current flows regardless of whether thewindings 03 and (Z areexcited or not. When the flux set up by the wind-H ing d" is flowing in the ath c any flux set up by the winding 11 which would tend to flow in the path 0 would now be I opposed by the 1flux of the winding d in the 'central .arm ofthe magnetic circuit, and

the flux in'the winding d would be directed into the ath-c which would help tohold the'arm *"incontact with the boss d Grenerallysp'eaking, whenever the winding d 1s deenergiz'ed, the armature 03* will=be attracted to that boss whose winding h as the excess excitation, but when the winding (Z is energized it will holdthe armature in rcontactnwith the .bcssto'which it hasbeen; previously attracted, and the windings'd h and d then' both operateto .hold' the a'rm'ature in that position. The 'same effect maybe secured by placing a winding similar to (Z on the bosses d and d adjacent to the In this arrangement windings (1 and at. I only one of these windings al will be energized at a time, and that winding will be in this coil will up by the windings 03 and 03.

Assuming that the winding al has been energized and the armature a? attracted to the boss (Z if the windin s (Z and 03 are now connected in series, t e flux set up b the winding 03 will flow in the path 0, and the flux set up by the windingal will tend to flow in the path. 0 but since the reluctance of the path 0 will be much less than that of the pathc due to the armature d being in contact with the boss (F, the flux in the central arm of the magnetic circuit set up by the winding 03, and the fiux from the winding (13 will be directed into the path 0 and the two windings, therefore, tend to hold the armature d with the boss 0Z I have pointed out before that this effect takes place when the winding (Z is energized, but I wish also to point out that this effect will take place when only the two windings al and al are energized in series, which occurs when the mastercontroller handle in Fig. 1 is moved to the position 2. The advantage of'this action is that after the reverser has operated, the two windings can be thrown in series, maintaining ap roximately the same pressure between t e reveser contacts, but cutting down the amount of heating in the operating windings.

I do not limit my invention to details and combinations shown and described.

This application is a division of my application, Serial Number 583,747, filed September 26,1910.

I claim- 1. In a motor control system, a reverser having two windings for operating the relverser in one direction or the other, a main switch for closing the motor circuit, an en-. ergizing-winding therefor, a master switch for controlling the windings and means, when one of the reverser windings is energized, for preventing the energizing of the main switch winding until the reverser is in 1ts proper POSIlZlOIl. I

' 2. In a current varymg controller, a c1r-.

cuit, a resistance for controlling the current in the said circuit,a set of switches for controllingthe.resistance each having two windings, one of which operates the switch only when the current in the winding is'below'a certain" predetermined value, the other windingwlienenergized preventing the opcitation l of 'theswitch, and means or energizing and' deenergizing the windings.

3:1In a current varying controller, a circuit, a resistance for controlling the circuit, a set of switches arranged to close successively for controlling the resistance, each switch having two windings, one being connected in the circuit and adapted to close the switch only when the current in the; winding is below a predeterined value. the other winding being adapted to prevent l the operation of the switch when energized, and a master switch for deenergizing said second windings at will.

4. In a motor control system, a circuit, a resistance therefor, a main switch, a set of resistance controlling switches each having a winding which operates its switch only when the current in the said winding is below a predetermined value, and means for controlling the operation of each switch at will.

5. The combination of a circuit, a reverser therefor, a governing circuit for the revcrser. and a winding in the controlled circuit which when energized will cause the windings in the governing circuit to become maintaining windings when energized.

6. In a circuit. an element to he reversed, a reverser therefor, operating windings for the reverscr, and a maintaining winding in which the current is reversed each time the reverser is operated in one direction or the other.

7. In a motor control system. a reverser therefor, means for operating the reverser, magnetic means for holding the reverser in its operated position so long as current flows through the motor, and means for changing the polarity of the magnetic means each time the motor is reversed.

8. In a motor control system, a circuit containing a reverser, operating windings for the reverser and means for energizing them, a maintaining winding in the circuit having a magnetic circuit in common with the operating Winding last excited. I

t). In a motor controller, a reverser whose o iierating windings are connected in series across the source of current supply, means short-circuiting one of the windings for op erating the reverser in one direction, and means for subsequently opening the shortcircuit causing both windings to a t to hold the reverser in its operated position.

10. In a motor control system. a circuit, a rev-erser having its contacts in the circuit. operating windings tor the rovers-er, means short-circuiting one of the windings for operating the reverser to run the motor in one direction. means for suhsequently opening the short-circuit to cause lioth windings to hold the reverser in its operated position, and an additional winding in the circuit which causes the reverser to remain ill its operated position as long as any current flows in the circuit. I

11. In a motor control system, a reverser. operating windings for the reverser and magnetic means for causing the windings to become ineffective to reverse the nictorwhen current flows through the motor.

12. In a motor control system. a revcrser having contacts in circuit with the motor. operating windings for the reverser normally connected in series across the source. ot'supply, means short-circuiting one of the windings for operating the reverscr. and means for preventing the operation of the reverser when current flows through its contacts.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 28th day of October, A. I). 1910.

JA Y ll. HALL.

\Vitnesses:

ll. Assn'r. -II. M. Dmuru.

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