US1098792A - Street-pavement. - Google Patents

Description

W. E. FICKLEN. STREET PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG..21, 1909.

Patented June 2, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

xwsll'foznclj Witnesses W. E. FIGKLEN.

STREET PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21, 1009'.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

m, mi J5 Patented June 2, 1914.

STATES P OFFICE.

STREET-PAVEMENT.

fddgdfmg.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 2, 1914.

Application :tiled August 21, 1909. Serial No. 513,930.

` Street-Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to street pavements and the like.

'llhe objects of the invention are to imv prove and simplify the construction of street pavements, as well as to decrease the expense attending their construction l and maintenance, and to increasetheir durability.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, which will appear asthe description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts, forming a street pavement, and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the particular embodiment4 of invention herein disclosed may be made within the scope of the claims, and as indicated by the differences in the claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

rthe combination and arrangement of parts which I have discovered to be effective in producing a strong, simple, durable and relatively inexpensive pavement, includes, first, an earth roadbed, by which ll mean either the natural earth as graded and prepared for the reception of paving materials or a foundation prepared by the use of sand, gravel, ashes, cinders, loose crushed stone, or the like, which roadbed is characterized by the fact that it is relatively inert and nonbuckling under various weather conditions; second, a crust 'laid directly on the earth roadbed and comprising a plurality of concrete sections of relatively large area,v capable of t creeping on the earth foundation, or otherwise responding to sunpower, weather andtraiiic conditions; third, expansion joints separating the concrete sections and extending from the top of the pavement to the roadbed, so as completely to divide the sections into separate monoliths; and fourth, reinforcing means embedded in andicarried by the concrete sections at the upper portions of those expansion joints which require reinforcement, said reinforcing means being of any suitable construction and forming, in effect, a component part of the concrete sections interwoven and mov- I ing therewith and conforming thereto during the setting of the concrete and during the creepin traffic shoc (s concurrently with the concrete, thereby having little or no tendencyto of the sections, and receiving Work loose from the concrete, and being supported by the concrete out of engagement with the earth roadbed.

ln the accompanying drawings forming part of this speciication,-Figure l is a cross section showing a suitable earth roadbed, with they creeping monolithic sections disposed thereon and completely separated by the expansion joints, said sections having component reinforcing means applied and carried by such' edges as require 'reinforcement, out of contact with the roadbed. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the construction shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side` elevation of one form of reinforcing means; Fig. fl is an end view of the reinforcing member shown in Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sectional views showing modified means for reinforc-` ing the expansion joints. Fig. 7 is a detail view of the reinforcing means shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view showing another reinforcing means in a joint located near a curb. Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively a plan and a side elevation of the reinforcing member shown in Fig. 8. r

Like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

In constructing a pavement according to my invention, I preferably prepare an earth roadbed, as shown in Fig. 1. This roadbed may consist of either the natural earth graded and prepared for the reception of paving materials, or any suitable foundation prepared by the use of sand, gravel, ashes, cinders, loose crushed stone or other suitable material, which roadbed preferably is characterized by the fact that it is relatively inert under various weather conditions. Y

Superposed directly upon the roadbed is a. crust comprising a plurality of substantially rectangular unit concrete sections 1 of relatively large area. These sections l may be of any desired shape.

The large concrete sections l are separated from each other by expansion joints 2 which extend from the surface of the pavement to the inert roadbed and serve` completely to divide the crust into separate monoliths or sections.

The problem of protecting the edges of various adjustments or so-called creeping or crawling movements under varylng sunpower, weather and traffic conditions; (2)

that it must remain permanently in combination with the unit concrete sections and not be loosened or separated therefrom under the various conditions to which it is subjected; (3) that it must be relatively ginexpensive; and (4) that it must not only protect the edges of the expansion joint, but 4so far as necessary, reinforce and strengthen the unit concrete sections. and other inherent conditions by employing any suitable form of reinforcement, which is embedded in and carried by and on those upper portions of the edges of the concrete sections which require strengthening, the reinforcement forming, in effect, a componentpart of the concrete section.

One egrample of reinforcement 3 is lllustrated in Figs. 3 and 4;. This reinforcement 3 includes an, upper bar 5 which is designed to set into the surface of the section or monolith 1 and to be held in position thereon preferably by means of interweaving. members 11 and 12, which are formed by suitably shearing or cut-ting the bar 1 and bending down the interweaving members 11 and 12 at the pointmarked 9, thus producing the openings 7 in the bar 5. In the construction of the pavement, the openings 7 are filled with concrete which is thus exposed on the surface of the pavement and serves the purposes,-(1) of providing anti-slipping surfaces, and (2) of so interlocking or interweaving the bar 5 with the 'concrete that it not only sets therewith, but forms a component part thereof throughout the life of the pavement. The reinforcement 3 is also provided with the bar or wing 6 which is disposed at a right angle to the bar 5, and is interwoven with the face of the concrete section within the expansion joint. The bar 6 is formed with the interweaving or anchoring members 13 and 14 which preferably are formed by suitably shearing the bar 6 and bending said members inward, as indicated at 9, thereby producing the openings 8, which are filled with concrete and serve to rivet or interweave the bar 6 with the concrete, thus causing the bar to become, in effect,a component part of the section during the setting operation and subsequently.

rEhe wings 5 and 6 of the reinforcement 3 are preferably formed integral with each other, as indicated at 4.

Another example of reinforcement is in' dicated in Fig. 5, wherein the two wings or bars 17 and 18 are formed integral with I meet these' each other, as indicated at 16 and are provided with interweaving or anchoring members 19 in the form of bolts which are embedded in the concrete.'v

Another example of reinforcement is indicated in Figs. 6 and 7, wherein the horizontal bars 20 are formed at the inner edges thereof with interweaving members or flanges 21which are inclined and formed with teeth or serrations 23. The vertical wings 22 are provided with inclined serrations 24 which form interweaving members.

Another example of reinforcement 30 is disclosed in Figs. 8, 9 and 1Q. The reinforcement 30 comprises a vertical bar 31 which is set into and supported by the concrete section 1, atv `the expansion joint and is formed with a plurality of inwardly eX- tending wings or interweaving members 32, each having at the inner end thereof a down wardly projecting tooth 33. Each ofthe wings 32 is formedwith an opening 35, through whchthe concrete sets.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the reinforcements are set along the upper portions of those eX pansion joints which require reinforcement. For instance, the edges of the outer monoliths below the curb reinforcements 15 usually do not require to be reinforced. The reinforcements on the remaining sections usually continue along all the edges of the section, but. in some cases the reinforcements may be omitted, or, as indicated in Fig. 8, the reinforcement 31 may be applied to one section 1 and the adjoining section 1 may be constructed without a reinforcement.

In fitting the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements to a monolith or section 1, the ends of said reinforcements are preferably cut on diagonal lines, and these diagonal edges are set a slight distance away from each other, so as to permit the reinforcements to move with the concrete during the slight shrinking thereof at the time it sets.

As shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6 and S, the reinforcements are embedded in and supported A Y and bind each unit section and thus prevent it fromv splitting or cracking from its own weight or from other causes lduring the `powerful reactions to which the `sections are subjected from heat, weather and traiic conditions; (2) the reinforcements are so interwoven with the concrete and are so supported thereby that they move therewith during the setting operation, and thus have no tendency to be loosened by the concrete 4lill dll till

titi

titl

intensa the unit concrete sections that the shocks re-V ceived by the concrete and reinforcements are practically concurrent or identical, so that there is no tendency to loosen or separate the concrete and itsreinforcement.

fllhe pavement of the present invention is strong, simple, durable and inexpensive in construction, as Well as thoroughly practical and edicient in use.

lt claim- 1. A pavement comprising an earth roadbed, a crust supported directly on said roadbed and comprising a plurality of concrete sections of relatively 'large area separated from each other by expansion joints extend ing from the top of the pavement to the roadbed, and reinforcing means embedded in' and carried by and continuing along the upper portions of the edges ofthe concrete sections at the forcement.

Q. it pavement comprising an earth roadbed, a crust supported directly on said road bed and comprising a plurality -of concrete sections of relatively large area separated from each other by expansion joints extending from the top of the pavement Vto the roadbed, said sections being formed with shoulders Within the expansion joints, and reinforcing means embedded in and carried by and continuing along the upper portions of the edges of the concrete sections at the joints which require reinforcement, said re-V inforcing means consisting of metal strips located on edge Within the expansion joints and resting upon said shoulders formed in the concrete.

3. el pavement comprising Y,an earth roadbed, a crust supported 'directly on said roadbed and comprising a plurality of concrete sections of relatively large area separated from each other by expansion joints extending from the top of the pavement to the roadbed, and reinforcing means embedded in and vcarried by and continuing along the concrete sections at the joints which require reinforcement, said reinforcing means eonsisting of metal strips set into the upper surfaces of the concrete sections along the en pansion joints.

d.. A road pavement comprising an earth.

roadbed and rectangular unit-concrete sec tions supported directly on said roadbed and constituting a checlrerboard arrangement, said sections being separated from each other Wherever opposed by another section by expansion joints extending from the sur :tace of the pavement to the roadbed, each section being armored along the upper edges of each expansion joint., p

ti. t sheet pavement of concrete consista inn1 of relatively large unit'areas or sections eoanoletely separate but contiguous to joints vvhich require rein.

each other', said areas or sections having eX- pansion joints betweenthem extending from the` surface thereof to the earth or sub-base of ashes, gravel or the like constituting the roadbed, each of said unit sections ybeing bound by a continuing band of metal set into the concrete upon the surface thereof at the upper edges of the expansion joints, ,said metal band extending entirely around teach unit section or arca of concrete at the en pansion joints and serving to bind the same.`

6. A sheet pavement of concrete consist-r ing of relatively large unit areas'or sections tti completely separate from but contiguous -to each other, the said unit areas yor sections having expansion joints between them extending from the surface thereof to the earth or sub-base of ashes, gravel or the like constituting the roadbed, the upper edges of each unitsection at the expansion joints be ing embraced by a continuing metallic band 'set into and overlying the exposed upper edges of the sectional unit of concrete and which band is supported thereby and extends entirely arund the same at the ex pension joints to protect the edgesthereof and to bind and hold and keep intact each unit area or section to which the metallic' band is applied.

7. A sheet pavement of concrete consisting of large unit areas or sections corn pletely separate from but contiguous to each other, the said unit areas or sections having expansion joints between them extending from the surface thereof to the earth or sub-base of ashes, gravel or the like con stituting the road-bed, each unit section be ing bound at the upper exposed edges of the expansion joints by a continuing metallic band set into the said unit areas or sections to protect the edges thereof at the expansion joints and to bind and keep intact each unit area or section.

8. il roadway comprising a series of relatively large sections formed of concrete the said sections having their confronting edges spaced apart to provide expansion joints between them, also having their upper edges provided with corner protectors, the mate rial ofthe corner protectors being removed or breiten away at intervals to form antislipping surfaces next to the outer edges 'of the corner protectors.

9. t pavement for roadways, comprising a series. of relatively large sections formed of concrete, said sections having their con-l fronting edges spaced apart to provide en pansion joints between them and also hav ing their upper surfaces adjacent to their said edges provided with metal corner prottl dll

lib

lil@

litt

\ their confronting edges spaced apart to provide expansion joints between them, metallic protectors for said edges, said protectors being of angle construction and hav-ing members which cover the edges of the sections and other members which lie upon .the upper surfaces of the section adjacent to said. edges, the latter members having openings which are spaced apart and are arranged to receive the concrete of the sections and to expose the upper surface of the latter to form an anti-slipping surface.

11. A pavement for roadways, comprising al series of relatively large sections formed of concrete, the said sections having their confronting edges spaced apart to provide expansion joints between them, meta]- lic protectors for said edges, said protectors being `of angle construction and having members which `cover the edges of the sections and other members which lie upon the upper surface of the section adjacent to said edges, the latter members having openings which are spaced apart and are arranged to receive the concrete of the sections andto Y expose the upper surface of the latter, said members also having anchoring projections embeddedin the concrete to form an antislipping surface.

12. A pavement for roadways, consisting of Aa sheet of hydraulic cement laid directly on the earth, Aconstituting the bed of the roadway, said sheet formed with one or more longitudinal lines of division and with Ya series of transverse lines of division, all of the said lines of division extending entirely through the sheet to thebed of the roadway and the transverse lines intersecting the longitudinal lines, said lines beingrelatively so arranged ,that the sections bounded thereby willv each be of lar'getarea whereby each section is movable and expansible as a unit 'independently of every other, strips of metal set into and protecting the edges of each section, said strips of metal having upper portions .whichlie upon the surfaces of the sections adjacent the edges and are formed with openings which vare spaced aparhand are arranged to receive the hydraulic cement and to expose the upper surface of the latter.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. j

WILLIAM E. FICKLEN.

IVitnesses:

GEO. M. HARRIS, GQRHAM CROSBY.

Images