US1086842A - Roll-crusher. - Google Patents

Description

R. 0. NEWHOUSE.

ROLL GRUSHER. ABPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 19, 1912.

1,086,842. 'Patented Feb. 10, 1914.

Fifi-l1- WITNEEEEE- lNVENTEIR (9x24 GM'J COLUMBIA PLANOCIIAPH C(MWASHINGTON. D. C

A r-r UF NESA' ran srarns radars-tr oi rrcn RAY G. NEWHOUSE, OE MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO ALLIS-CHALIVIERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELA- WARE.

ROLL-GRUSHER.

. To all whom it may concern:

'struction and eflicient in operation.

The invention consists primarily in forming the roll and a vil of a single-roll slowrunning crusher very large and massive. The roll is provided with knobs or projections extending from its surface and is so located with relation to its anvil, that preliminary fracturing of huge pieces of rock admitted to the crusher is effected by the sledging action of the knobs or projections of the rotating roll, on the rock as it rests by gravity upon the roll. Secondary cruslr ing or further reduction of the material is accomplished by direct nipping and crushing of the fragments of the preliminarily fractured rock, between the roll projections and the anvil. In order to facilitate the preliminary fracturing as well as the subsequent nipping, crushing, and advancing of the material through the crusher some of the projections of the massive roll are made larger than others.

It has been found in practice, that a piece of rock or similar substance in orderto be preliminarily broken while resting by gravity upon an irregular surfaced roll rotating at slow speed, must be above a certain weight. if the weight of the piece of material is below this limit, the projections on the roll during the rotation thereof will merely lift the comparatively light mass bodily away from the center of the roll without fracturing or breaking the material. If, however, the weight of the piece of material is above this limit, the material due to its immense weight and its inertia, will not submit easily to an attempted displacement thereof that each of the projections on the roll in approaching the mass of material will deliver a sharp blow against same. The

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 19, 1912.

Patented Feb. 1,'ll914i-. Serial No. 721,318.

succession of blows thus delivered will eventually cause the huge mass of material to break into a number of fragments, some of which may still be of suificient weight to be further reduced by sledging while resting by gravity on the surface of the roll. The inlet opening to the secondary crushing chamber should however be made large enough to permit the unobstructed entrance of fragments of material which are not of sufficient size to be further reduced by sledging.

Single-roll crushers of the general type in which the material is crushed directly between a roll and anvil, have heretofore been constructed, but all of these prior machines have had a very low crushing capacity due to the facts that the crushing roll was comparatively small and insufliciently assive and also because no special consideration had been given to the proper proportioning of the inlet to the crushing chamber. None of these prior machines has involved the pre liminary and secondary crushing which is accomplished by the present invention in a single machine and which greatly increases the crushing capacity of the device. In addition to the provision of a compound crusher, the present invention includes other features which greatly increase the efficiency of a machine embodying them over that of any singleroll crusher heretofore constructed.

Several of the novel features of single-roll crusher construction which are disclosed but not claimed in this application, form no part of the present invent-ion and are the subject of a co-pending application, Serial NO. 721,319.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section through a single-roll crusher, the section being taken along the line l-1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a top, part sectional, view of the singleroll crusher illustrated in Fig. 1.

The massive core or roll center 16 is mounted upon the roll shaft (3 and has a series of longitudinally extending ridges 1? projecting from its outer surfaces. The wearing plates 400 have longitudinal recesses adapted to receive the ridges 17, and are secured to the roll center 16 by means of a series of cap screws 15. Knobs or projections 40 formed on the surfaces of the plates 1:00 provide a roughened surface for the assembled roll. The slugger knobs lare larger than the projections 40 and extend to a greater distance away from the roll axis than the projections constituting the roughening of the roll surface. The slugger knobs 4 are comparatively few in number and in the present disclosure are confined to two longitudinal rows 180 apart. Each of the knobs 4; and projections 40 have a nipping surface which is substantially perpendicular to the roll surface, formed at their advancing ends.

The roll shaft 6 is rotatably supported in bearings formed in the frame 11 and has a relatively large driving gear 8 fixed to its overhanging end. The driving shaft 2 is supported in bearings formed in the frame 11 being mounted parallel to the roll shaft 6. The pinion. 9 is secured to one of the overhanging ends of the shaft 2 and meshes with the roll driving gear 8. The driving pulley 1 is secured to the opposite overhanging end of the shaft 2 and is adapted to be driven by any suitable power applied through a belt, not shown.

The pulley 1, driving shaft 2, pinion 9, gear 8 and roll shaft 6 constitute a train of mechanism for rotating the roll. The expression train of mechanism is intended to cover any mechanical means through which the roll may be directly or indirectly rotated.

The anvil 18 is suspended from a stationary rod 20 which is fixed to the side portions of the frame 11. The surface of the anvil 18 adjacent the crushing roll is provided with suitable concaves or liners 5 which in the present instance are formed with corrugations extending transversely relative to the roll. The curvature of the crushing sur faces of the liners 5 is such that material gripped between the knobs 4 or projections 40 of the roll and the surfaces of the liners 5, will be automatically forced downwardly along the liner surface. The crushing surfaces of the liners 5 moreover gradually approach the roll and terminate at a point below the body of the roll. The upper end of the anvil 18 projects some distance above the highest portion of the roll. It will be noted that by having the crushing surface of the anvil 18 gradually curved and extendin from a point above the roll to a point he ow the body of the roll, an exceedingly long direct-crushing chamber having a large inlet and a relatively small discharge opening, is provided. This feature permits gradual reduction of the material to a relatively uniform size. The gradual curvature of the anvil crushing surface, moreover, provides a more effective angle of nip between the roll projections and the anvil surface.

The anvil beam 30 spans the gap between the two side portions of the frame 11. and is normally held in coaction with the abut ments 32 of the frame 11 by means of a number of helical compression springs 10. The springs 10 have ends which co-act directly with portions of the frame 11 while their opposite ends co-act against reaction plates 21 secured to the ends of reaction rods 14. The opposite ends of the reaction rods 14 pass through and are secured to the anvil beam 30. The reaction cap 33 extends through an aperture in the beam 30 and is normally held against surfaces of the anvil 18 by means of helical compression springs 19. The springs 19 co-act with their corresponding ends against surfaces of the cap 33 and react with their opposite ends against washers and nuts 35 carried by the studs 34. The studs 34: are secured. to the anvil 18 and pass through the cap 33 and springs 19. The portion 31 of the anvil beam 30 is formed circular in section and co-acts in a recess formed in the anvil 18.

The inlet hopper 3 is supported directly by the frame 11 and has a discharge opening which is directed toward the direct crushing chamber formed between the massive roll and the anvil 18. The hopper discharge opening is made of sufficient size to expose considerable of the upper portion of the roll surface to the intcriorof thehopper, so that large pieces of material admitted to the hopper 3 will rest by gravity upon the roll. The tie rods 7 connect the portions of the frame 11 against which the anvil 18 and the roll shaft 6 react, and serve to protect the frame against destruction due to the enormous strains induced by the direct crushing.

It should be remembered that the crushing roll and the anvil 18 in the present invention are formed very large and massive as compared to the construction of prior single-roll crushers.

During the operation of the device the roll is slowly rotated in an anti-clockwise direction by means of power applied through the driving pulley 1, shaft 2, pinion 9, and gear 8. The material to be crushed, which generally varies considerably in size, is admitted to the hopper 3 from above. The relatively small pieces included in the charge thus admitted immediately enter the direct crushing chamber formed between the roll and the anvil 18 and are crushed directly between the nipping surfaces of the knobs 6t and the projections a0 and the corrugated surfaces of the liners 5. The reduction of the material within the direct crushing chamber is very gradual due to the gradual approach of the crushing surfaces of the liners 5 toward the roll. The anvil smooth in transverse extent with reference to the roll axis in combination with the projecting slugger knob, insures uniform action and greatly increased capacity due to the raking action in advancing the rock through the direct crushing chamber. The pieces of material comprising the charge admitted to the hopper 3, which are too large to be nipped between the roll projections 4:0 and the anvil 18, rest by gravity against the surface of the roll and anvil, being guided therebetween from a point adjacent the top of the anvil to a point beyond the vertical plane through the roll axis. The distance between these points approximates the roll diameter. This will permit the material to directly engage the crusher roll and anvil between these points and especially to permit the slugger knobs to become effective. Since the size of the inlet opening to the direct crushing chamber is sufficient to permit the entrance of any pieces of material which have not sufficient weight to be broken by the sledging action of the knobs 1, only the large and massive pieces which have suliicient weight so that their inertia will not submit easily to attempted displacement thereof by the slugger knobs 4, will retain a posit-ion out-- side of the direct crushing chamber. As the slugger knobs 4L successively approach these masses of material they deliver sharp blows against the surfaces of the masses. After a short continuation of this sledging of the material by the slugger knobs 4 the large masses are fractured and disintegrated into smaller fragments. Some of these smaller fragments are immediately drawn into the direct crushing chamber where they are eventually reduced by the projections 40 and slugger knobs 4 to a sufficient degree to permit their discharge from the machine. Other fragments may, however, still be of suflicient mass to permit further reduction by sledging and these pieces are so reduced.

It will thus be seen that with the present invention the smaller pieces of material of a charge of rock admitted to the hopper 3 are being reduced in the direct crushing chamber while at the same time the larger pieces are being preliminarily fractured for further reduction, by the projections 40 and slugger knobs 4:. It has been found that with such combined action in a single machine the capacity of the device as well as the efficiency thereof is greatly increased.

If for any reason material which is not capable of being crushed is admitted to the direct crushing chamber, the lower portion of the anvil 18 and the anvil beam 80 will be forced away from the crushing roll and abutments 32. This movement of the anvil 18 is transmit-ted through the portion 31 of the anvil beam 30 and through the anvil beam 30, reaction rods 14 and reaction plate 21 to the helical springs 10 compressing these springs between the reaction plate 21 and the frame 11. After the unbreakable material has passed through the direct crushing chamber the springs 10 automatically return the anvil 18 to its normal position. Due to the enormous mass of the anvil 18 and its inertia, this anvil 18 will after the anvil beam 30 has had its return motion arrested by coming in contact with the abutments 32 of the frame 11, tendto continue its motion toward the crushing roll. As the anvil 18 travels beyond its normal position in a direction toward the crushing roll, it carries with it the studs 84:, nuts 35, springs 19 and cap 33. The continuation of the motion of these elements soon brings the cap 33 against the portion 31 of the anvil beam 30 after which continued motion of the anvil 18 will compress the springs 19. This compression of the springs 19 causes the anvil 18 to quickly reced e for a short distance from the crushing roll and to again assume its normal position. It will thus be seen that with this arrangement of springs and co-acting elements sudden jarring and possible injury of the crusher frame is avoided.

It should be understood that it is not desired to be limited to the exact details herein disclosed for obvious modifications may occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent,

1. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having .a plurality of slugger knobs, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil having grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll and said grooves and the ridges between said grooves being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll whereby uniform action and great capacity result, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and anvil.

2. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, said anvil being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll whereby uniform action and great capacity result, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and anvil.

3. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll surface, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, said anvil being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll whereby uniform action and great capacity result, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and anvil. V

4. In a. crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll surface, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil having grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll and said grooves and the ridges between said grooves being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll whereby uniform action and great capacity result, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and anvil,

5. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, said anvil being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

6. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil having grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll and said grooves and the ridges between said grooves being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

7. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll sur face, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, said anvil being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

8. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll surface, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil having grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, and said grooves and the ridges between said grooves being smooth in the plane of rotation of said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size elfective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

9. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said a space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

10. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a plurality of slugger knobs, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil havlng grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

11. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll surface, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil gradually approaching and'extending under said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said space being of a predetermined size effective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by slec ging when resting by gravity on the surface of said roll.

12. In a crusher, a rotatable roll having a roughened surface, a plurality of slugger knobs extending beyond the projections constituting the roughening of said roll surface, a train of mechanism for rotating said roll, a normally stationary anvil having grooves transverse with reference to the roll axis, said anvil gradually approaching and extending under said roll, and means for feeding material to the space between said the inventor is affixed hereto in the presence roll and said anvil, the inlet opening to said of two witnesses. space being of a predetermined size eifective to pass masses of rock which are too small to be crushed by sledging when resting by Witnesses:

RAY C. NEWHOUSE.

* gravity on the surface of said r011. H. C. CASE,

In testimony whereof, the signature of W. H. LIEBER.

' Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents- Washington, D. G.

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