US1083405A

US1083405A - Multiple-cylinder expansive-type engine.

Info

Publication number: US1083405A
Application number: US76010913A
Authority: US
Inventors: Otto Kerscht
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1913-04-10
Filing date: 1913-04-10
Publication date: 1914-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 1931-01-06

Description

0. KEBSGHT. MULTIPLE CYLINDER EXPANSIVE TYPE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1.913.

Patented Jan. 6, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEYS 0. KERSGHT.

MULTIPLE CYLINDER EXEANsIvE TYPE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1913.

Patented Jan. 6, 1914.

l B SHEETS-SHEET 2L 35 .30 llll,

0. KBRSCHT.

MULTPLE CYLINDER EXPANSIVE TYPE ENGINE.

lAIPLIGATION FILED APR.10,1913. v 190835495.. Patented Ja.11.6, 1914.

6 SHETSSHEBT 3.

l w Wi l-. E v.

I l m o. KERSGHT. A .MULTIPLE CYLINDER EXPANSIVE TYPE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 10, 1913.

Patented J an.' 6, 1914.

a sums-SHEET 5.

APPLIGATIN FILED APR. 10, 1913.

WITNESSES INVENTOR ATTOR N EYB nossaos.

erro Knnscnfr, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

MULTIPLE-CYLINDER EXPANSVE-TYPE ENGINE.

To allwwm t may concern:

Beit known that I, O'I'ro KERSCHT, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multiplel Cylinder EXpansive-TypeEngines, of which the followingl is a specication, reference being had thereinI to the accompanying drawings. V l

This inventionrelates to improvements in engines and more particularly to a construc- /tion in which the motive fluid is used eXpan sively and which is especially adapted for internal combustion engines of the semir` Diesel type. Y

T he object of the invention is to secure a maximum power from the fuel consumed and to provide a balanced arrangement of pistons and reciprocating parts which will give a compact construction and which is.

such that reversal of theperation may be quickly and easily effected..

A further object is to provide certain newv 2aI fully described.

To these ends the invention consists in the' matters hereinafter set forth and more particularly pointed out in the claims reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which,

Figure 1, is a side elevation of an engine embodying the invention; Fig. 2, is a transverse section through the cylinders of the same upon the line II-Ilvof Fig. 3; Fig. 3, is a longitudinal section through the cylin ders on the. line III-1H of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, is a transverse section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3; Fig. 5, is a transverse section on the line V-V of Fig. 3; 6, is a sectionl on the line VI-VI of Figs. 4 and 5; Fig. 7, is a section on the line VII-VII of Figs. 2 and 4: Fig. S, is a section on the line viiivni 0f Figs. e, 4 and 5;. rig. 9, is'

a detail of one of the motive fluid controlling valves, showing the saine in longitudinal section; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are cross sections of the same showing the parts in their dif'- ferent positions-of operation` and Figs. 13,

14. and 15 are detail views of the two slee-ves' of the valves separated and in their relative position corresponding to the position of the vparts in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 respectively.

The engine comprises ahead or casing 1 and a base frame 2 which is'forine'd willigv Specification 4of Letters Patent.

Application flied April 10, V1913.

connecting rods 11.

Patent-ea Jan. e, 1era.

Serial No. 769,109.

ybearings for a crank shaft 3. .The case is formed with a bore at each-side forming main cylinders and 5in each of which are two pistons 6 and? in opposed relation and adapted to be operated by Huid pressure in the cylinders between the opposed ends of the pistons and between the outer ends of the pistons and the ends of the cylinders. The

pistons 7 are connected by means of hollow piston ro'ds S and connecting rods 9 with the crank shaft.y 3, and the pistons 6 are connected with said crank shaft by means of piston rods 10 passing through the hollow rods 8 and connected at their lower ends to The casing 1 is also formed with a bore positioned midway between the

cylinders

4 and 5 and forming an auxiliary cylinder 12 o-f larger diameter than the 'main cylinders. In this auxiliary cylinder are opposed

pistons

13 and 14 oper' ated in the same manner in whichthe main pistons are actuated, the piston 14' being connected with a crank of the crank shaft 3 by means of a tubular piston rod 15 and connecting rod 16, and the piston 13 being connectedlwith the crank shaft by means of a piston rod 17 extending through the hollow rod 15 and ,connected atv its lowerend by means of a connecting rod 18 with the crank shaft.- f

Each of the

Cylinders

4 and 5 is provided with two pairsof exhaust 'ports- 19 and 20 adapted to be covered andl uncovered'by the 'i pistons and allow the products of combus-l tion or motive Huid to escape through passages 21 and 22, each passage' 21 leading t0 a valve 23 formed with a passage adapted to connect the passages 21 with Apassages 24 ,and 25, the passages 25 leading to ports 26 in the outer ends of the cylinder 12 and the passages 24 leading to a common port 27 intermediate the ends ofthe cylinderl at each' side thereof between the adjacent ends of the

pistons

13 and 14. The passages 22 lead to valves 28 having suitable passages for connecting the passages 22 with suitable passages 29 leading toports 30 in the outer ends of the cylinder 12 and to also connect said passages 22 with passages 31'1eading vto a ate the ends of the cylinder 12 between the i 1015 common port 32 at each side and intermedition chambers of the main cylinders through the several passages into the auxiliary cylinder, either between the opposed ends of the pistons in said cylinder or between the outer ends of said pistons and the outer ends of the cylinder. From the auxiliary cylinder the exhaust escapes through exhaust ports 33 into an exhaust passage 34 extending parallel with the cylinder and out through a suitable exhaust pipe 35 secured to the end of the casing or head 1.

There is a pair of valves for each pair of outlet ports in the maincylinders, a valve 23 and a valve 28 being arranged side by side with a short. space between them constituting one pair of valves. To' operate the tour pairs of valves in timed relation to the movement oi' the several pistons, a rack member 35 (see. Fig. 6) is guided in suite" able ways 37 provided therefor in the casing and reciprocates in a suitable chamber in the casing at one side of the several cylinders. The ends or stems of the valve members 23 and 2S extend into and have a bearing in said chamber where they are each provided with a mutilated gear or formed with teeth 33 adapted to be engaged by teeth on the rack member 3G which Yteeth are so arranged that they 'will engage the teeth upon the valve member when the rack member is reciprocated and turn the valves approximately a quarter of a revolution with an intermittent movementuand in the proper direction to properly connect up the passages between the main cylinders and the auxil-l iary cylinder. Rael; bars 39 and 40 have a 'bearing in the casing and extend therethrough between the valves of each pair of valves at each side of the auxiliary cylinder and project through the ends of the casing. The valves are each provided with a gear il to engage the rack bars which are alwaysv in mesh therewith and thus the two pairs of valves and the valves of each pair at each side ol the auxiliary cylinder, are connected up by a rack bar to turn in unison. An actuation ot one oi the valves will theretore actnate all ot the valvesoi the two pairs of valves at one side ot the auxiliary' cylinder, but the rack member 3G lis prefer ably so constructed and provided with teeth so arranged that corresponding valves of each pair of valves will be simultaneously operated by the rack member. l

The rack member' 36 is automatically reciprocated in timed relation to the movement of the several pistons, by means of pistons 42 within the cylinders 43 (see Fig. located adjacent to one side of the main cylinders a and 5 and intermediate the ends thereof. These cylinders are arranged with their longitudinal axes extending` at right angles to the longitudinal axes oil the main cylinders andthe pistons in these cylinders Losanna are rigidly connected bymeans of a piston rod 44 to which the rack member 36 is rigidly secured intermediate the ends of said rod. Products of combustion or motive fluid is admitted to the inner ends of the cylinders 43 through passages 45 (see Figs. 2 and 3) open-ing into the main cylinders adjacent to the inner ends of the strokes of the main pistons. lThese passages 45 give a free communication between the main cylinders and the cylinders 43.

Each of the main cylinders is provided with a iiuid inlet port 46 at each end and fsimilar ports 47 intermediate its ends. rlfhe ports 46 are controlled by fluid inlet valves 48 and the ports 47 by valves 49. All of these valves are -simultaneously operated in the proper manner and in timed relation to the movement of the several pistons, by means of a gear 5() on each valve in vmesh with the rack bars 39 and 40, which in turn are reciprocated by the several pairs of

valves

23 and 28. l

Jftdjacent to the side of the main cylinders opposite that at which the supplemental 'cylinders 43 are located, are pump cylinders 5l (sce Figs. 2 and 7) in the casing and pump pistons 52 in these cylinders are connected by a' rigid piston rod 53 to operate in unison. A rack frame 54 is mounted in suitable guides in the casing and is secured to the rod 53 to reciprocate said rod and ac tuate the pump pistons. The rack frame'l i's provided with teeth 55 adapted to be engaged by suitable mutilated gears' or teeth 56 upon the extreme upper ends of the

valve members

23 and 28 of the two pairs of valves at each side of the auxiliary cylinder. When' these valve members are turned as previously described, their teeth 56 will engage the teeth ot' the rack frame 5st and actuate said trame to reciprocate the pump pistons in timed relation to the movement of the several main or. power. pistons. Oil, gasolene or other motive fluid is admitted to the' pump cylinders 5l through suitable passages 57 (see Fig'. 2) communicating with any suitable supply, not shown, and the oil is discharged from said pump cylinders through passages 5S into the upper vends of the oil valves 49 which are preferably tubular in form and are provided with suitable openings to register with the oil passages leading to the ports 47. Oil is also conducted from each pump cylinder through pipes or passages 59 into the upper ends of the tubular oil valves 48 for supplying oil to the ends of the main cylinder at the opposite side of the casing. Oil is thus forced by one pump piston to the valves controlling the inlet of fuel to the explosion chamber between the adjacent ends of the pistons in one ot the power cylinders and at the same time forces oil to the valves controlling the inlet of fuel to the outer ends of the power cylinder at -the opposite side of the casing.

For supplying fresh air to the main cyl'- "uiers when the engine is used as a combusi engine. to maintain combustion in the .nders, and to heat such air. and forceit into the cylinders under pressure, the casir adjacent to the pump-cylinders 5l is framed with cylinders in which are pis- 'tous 61 secured to and movable with the pump pistons 52 and Connecting rod` 53. When the oil pumps are operated aspre- -.'iousiy described the pistons 61 will also beactuated and force air from their'cylinders through suitable check valves 62- into' a pas-' sage or chamber 63 which opens 1nto"'a.space (il extending across the casing 1 and around all ot the cylinders, forming cooling jackets tor the cylinders;

At one side of the power cylinders and adjacent to each end of each cylinder, is an air compression cylinder 66, each containing a piston 67 and arranged with its-longitudinal axis extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the power cylinden` The pistons -in the compression cylinders adjacent to the ends of the vpower cylinder 4 are connected 'to the pistons in the compression cylinders adjacent to the ends of the power cylinder 5 by means ot rigid connecting rods 68 so that the piston in the cylinder at one side of the casing is connected to and moves simultaneously with the piston in the opposing cylinder at the other side of the casing. Each connecting rod 68 is formed with teeth toengage a gear 65 vmountedv to turn freely on a fixed stud on the adjacent Wall of the casing and the outer sides of the rack 36 are also formed with teeth to en gage these gears 65 at their opposite side. The rack member 36 `and the piston rods 68 are thus connected by the interposedgears to move simultaneously iii-opposite direc tions and therefore when the pistons 42 are moving in one direct-ion, the pistons 67 are moving in an opposite direction; The outer ends of the power cylinders are connected to the inner ends of the compression cylinders 66 by open passages 69 and said compression cylinders. communicate v7with the air space 64 through check valves 71 (see Fig. 5.) whichopen to let the airin said cylinders from the space when the pistons 67 vare actuated and operate to Vdraw in air through said 2) are provided to 'admitair from the jacket.

valves. Similar Vcheck valves 711 (see-Fig.

space into the cylinders 43. Air is thussuppiied by the compression '

cylinders

43 and 66 to theends of the main cylinders and tol said cylinders'intermediate their'fnds` to correspond With the order in which the explosions take place therein.

To shift the" rack bars 39 and 40 and manually tux'i the several oil and motiveiiuid valves so that the operation of the engine may be reversed, a shaft 72 is mounted in brackets on the end of the casingand provided with pinions 73 to engage rack teeth 7i on each 'of the rack bars 39 and- 40 (see Fig. 3). Ahand wheel v75-(see Fig. 1) is `provided 'on the end of the shaft 72 to turn the same and by' grasping this' hand wheel the operator may quickly turn the shaft and move both rack bars simultaneously in a longitudinal direction and by reason of the engagement of the rack bars with the gears on the several valves turn said valves simultaneously. The How of the exhaust'from the 4 main into the auxiliary cylinder is' thus changed and the timing of the gasolene inlet is correspondingly shifted, said gasolene vvalves being turned to' closed position by such lmanual movement of the rack bars kand supplemental oil valves 76 being simultaneously opened to admit charges to the main /cylinders at the proper ends thereof to give a reversingv impulse. The opening of the valves 76 simultaneously with the closing of the valves 48 and 49 is accomplished by means of bevel gears 77 on the lower ends of said valves 76 in mesh with the gears 78 .on the shaft 72, which shaft is adapted to move longitudinally in its bearings` so as to disengage its gears from the gears 77 and thuspermit the shaft to be turned by the `normal recliprocation of the rack bars Without actuating said supplemental valves.

To permit the escape ofthe pressure which` is behind the pistons vdriving them at the time of reversal and thus allow the charge admitted by the auxiliary valves 7 Gto act in an opposite direction, anauxiliary exhaust valve 79 is provided adjacent to each of. said valves and theseexhaust valves are turned simultaneously with 'the actuation of the valves 76'by means of gearsSO on the outer ends of said valvesl in mesh with idler gears which transmit motion therefrom to .like

"gears 81 (Fig. 8) on the adjacent endof the v8) which communicates Withlthe passage 58 leading to the adjacent valveset), rraid aux--v iliary or reversing valves 76 being also formed with 4side openings to register v vith passages leading to ports 84 opening into the main cylinders at such points that they will be uncovered by the pistons at the proper time to/admit vfuel at the sides of the izo dll:

the engine.

therewith and /relative thereto to open and

close ports

46 and 47 leading to the main cylinders. Fitting within the inner sleeve is a tube 87 having an open upper end into which the motive fluid flows from the passage 58. This' tube has an opening or slot 88 in one side for-,the escape of the fluid which is adapted'to register with similar slots 89 in opposite sides of the inner sleeve. I

The outer sleeve is`- also cut away at one side as at90 and provided with a slot 91 near its opposite side properly located to register with the slots in the inner sleeve and With 'the passage in the Wall leading to the port 47. The outer sleeve is provided upon its lower end with a. gear or gear teeth 92 and the inner sleeve which projects through the lower end of said outer sleeve is likewise provided with a gear 93, both gears being of a proper size to be engaged simultaneously by one ofthe rack bars 39 and 40 and turned thereby when said bar is moved longitudinally during the normal operation of the.

engine, as described or 4when manually operated through the medium of the hand Wheel 75 to reverse the operation of the engine and thus automatically'control the admission of charges to the cylinders in timed relation to their movements.

lWhen the rack bars 39 and 40 are moved manually, to turn their tivo sets of

valves

23 and 28 and thus change the flow of the exhaust from the main cylinders into the expansion cylinders, from one set of passages to the other, the fuel valves are also turned by said bars, and in order that the fuel may be admitted in proper timed relation during the normal running of the engine and alsowhile running in a reverse direction, suitable means are provided for turning and setting said sleeves 85 and S6 of each valve relatively by the operation of the bar engaging the gears of said sleeves. Each

gear

92 and 93 on the sleeve is mutilated, that is one .side iS cut away or left blank so that only one of the sleeves will be turned by the reciprocation of the adjacent rack bar when the same is actuated 4by the running of the engine. When the bar is shifted for reversing the engine, both sleeves are turned relatively bymeans of a pin 94 on the gear 92 to engage a slot 95 in the gear 93.

The ldeeves being in th position shown noaaeoa bringing its gear 92 into engagement with the bar so that upon reciprocation of the bar automatically by the actuation of the engine, the outer sleeve Will be rotated back and forth through one quarter of a revolu tion until the bar is again manually moved to reset the sleeves. The amount of fluid Whichvvill be admitted by each valve may be regulated by adjusting or turning the tube 87 therein by any suitable means such as a vgear 96 (see Fig. 9) on its lower end which entends through the lower end of the inner sleeve and Which gear is turned by a rack bar 97 or any other suitable means. 1f found desirable, the supply of a lubricant to the vcylinders may be controlled by rotary valves actuated in a like manner from the reciprocable rack bars 39 and 40.

lf found desirable a block 9S, (see Figs. 2, 5 and 6) may be provided in one end of each of the

cylinders

43 and 66 to be adjusted therein and increase or decrease the capacity of its compression space as desired, said blocks being simultaneously adjusted by suit-able levers as indicated at 99 in Figs. 2 and 5 or any other suitable means. rllhe air inlet valves 70 and 71 for .the cylinders (56 and 43 respectively, may be held closed to shut off the supply of air to said cylinders, by means ofrods 100 having serewthreaded engagement with the easing and extending inward into contact with the outer side of each valve, said reds being adjusted by mea-ns of hand Wheels on their outer ends. A passage 101 may also be provided inthe casing adjacent to each of the' main cylinders extending longitudinally thereof and communicating. with said cylinders through ports 102 therein properly located to be covered andvuncovered by the main pistons at the proper time to admit air under pressure thereto for the purpose of forcing out the burned gases and cleansing the cylinder, said passages being in

communicationwith thecylinders

43 and 66 to receive air therefrom through ports'103 therein cou trolled by the piston in said cylinders.

Obviously changes may be made in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts Without departingfrom the spirit of myinvention and l do nottherefore limit myself to the particular constructionehovvn.

lio

lli

paseos posed pistons in the auxiliary cylinder,

means .for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinder between the pistons therein and between the ends` of the pistons and the ends of the cylinder-,and Imeans operated in timed relation to .the movement of the pistons'for controlling the passage of the .exhaust from the main to the ,auxiliary cylinders.

vIn an engine, the combination of a plurality oi main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder, passages for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinder, valves controlling said passages, pistons ,the several cylinders, valves controlling .the inlet of motive tiuid -to the main cylinders, and means operating in timed relation tort-he movement of the pistons for actuating all of .the valves, said means being adapted to be manually operated to actuate the valves and reverse the operation of the engine.

3. In an engine, the combination of a main cylinder, a pair of opposed pistons in said cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder, opposed pistons in said auxiliary cylinder, a plurality of passages for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinder into the ends of the auxiliary cylinder and into the auxiliary Vcylinder intermediate its ends, a plurality of valves for controlling said passages, a reciprocable member for actuating the valves, and means for reciprocating the member in timed relation to the inovement of the pistons.

4. In an engine, the combination of a main cylinder, opposed pistons in the main cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder, opposed pistons in the auxiliary cylinder, said cylinders .being provided with inlet and exhaust ports, a pair of passages connecting the exhaust ports -of the main cylinder vWith the inlet ports of the auxiliary cylinder, a valve for controlling each of said passages, and means actuated intimed relation to the movement of `the pistons for turning the valves to open and close one of the passages and adapted to be manually operated to actuate the valves controlling one of the passages into closed position and opening the valves controlling the other passage.

I 5. In an engine, the combination of a main cylinder having two sets of exhaust ports, opposed pistons in said cylinder, an-

auxiliary cylinder, having two sets of inlet ports, opposed pistons in the auxiliary cylnder, two sets of passages' connecting the exhaust ports of the main cylinder with the inlet ports of theauxiliary cylinder,

arate set of valves for controlling each setof passages, a reciprocable member toractuating all of the valves in timed relation to the movement of the pistons, and means tor manually actuating said reciprocable member to move one set of valves to operative position, and the other set of valves into inoperative position and change the flow. of the exhaust from one set of passages to the other set of passages and cause a reversal of the actuation of the engine.

6. ln an engine, the combination of a main cylinder, opposed pistons in said cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder, opposed pistons in the auxiliary cylinder,` an air pump for supplying air lunder pressure, an air compression cylinder into Which air under pressure fronithe pump is admitted, means for conducting air from the compression cylinder into the main cylinder at the ends thereof and intermediate its ends, a piston in the 'compression cylinder controlling the passage leading from said cylinder to the main cylinder, and means foractuating the piston in the compression cylinder in timed relation to themovement of the the main cylinder.

7. In an engine, the combination of main cylinders, `an auxiliary cylinder, opposed pistons in each of said cylinders, passages connecting the exhaust of the main cylinders withY the inlets of the auxiliary cylinder, said cylinders being all formed Wit-h an air space surrounding them, 4an air pump for forcing air into the air space, air conipression cylinders connected with. the air i space to receive air therefrom, and having .exhaust ports, pistons in said compression cylinders, passages connecting the exhaust ports of the compression cylinders with the main cylinders, and means for reciprocating the pistons in the compression cylinders in timed relation to the movement of the pistous in the main cylinders. v

8. In an engine, the combination of main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder between the main cylinders, opposed pistons in the main and auxiliary cylinders, passages connecting the exhaust of the main cylinder with the intake of the auxiliary cylinder, compression cylinders arranged with their longitudinal axes at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the main cylinders and with one compression cylinder adjacent to each end of the main 'cylinder-s, an o en passage connecting said compression cy inders with the main cylinders, pistons in the compression cylinders, rods connecting the pistons in the compression cylindersadjacent to one of thefmaincylinders with the pistons in the compression cylinders which are adjacent to the other main cylinder to cause the istons to move in unison, valves cona sep` l trolling the passage of the exhaust from the pistons inl ics " the compression cylinders,

main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinders, and means actuated by the movement of the pistons in the compression cylinders Jfor aotuating 'said valves.

9. ln an engine, the combination of main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder between the main cylinders, opposed pistons in each of the cylinders, a pair of passages connecting each main cylinder with the auxiliary cylinder, a pair of valves controlling each pair of passages,"valves for controlling the ad, mission of motive Ailuid to the main cylinders, a reciprocable member between each pair of yalves'a't each side of the auxiliary cylinder 'adapted to operate said valves upon reciprocation and connected to simultaneously operate the 'motive fluid controlling valves, and means for' reciprocating said members timed relation to the movement of the pistons.

10. ln an engine, the 'combination of main cylinders, an auxiliary 'cylinder between the main cylinders, opposed pistons in each of the cylinders, passages connecting the exhaust lrom .the main cylinders with the intaire ot the auxiliary cylinder, valves for controllin said passages, motive fluid valves for contro ling the admission of motive Huid to the main cylinders, compression cylinders connected to the main cylinders, pistons in the compression cylinders, means for actuating the several valves by the movement of the pistons in the compression cylinders, and a fuel pump actuated by the movement of the said valves.

11. ln an engine, the combination of parallel'main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder between the main cylinders and extending arallel therewith, passages for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinders, valves controlling said passages, compression cylinders adjacent to the mam cylinders and connected thereto to fluid therefrom, pistons in a rack member actuated by said pistons and engaging and turning the-valves, gears on the opposite end of the valves, a rack member to engage said gears, an air pump actuated by said receive motive "rack member, and an air jacket surrounding the cylinders and communicating with the said compression cylinders.

12. ln an engine, the combination of main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder between the main cylinders, passages for conduct-ing the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinder, valves controlling said passages, valves for admitting motive fluid to the maincylinders, rack bars reciprocable between the main and auxiliary cylinders, gears on the several valves engaging the rack bars, compression cylinders having communication with the main cylinders, pistons in the compression cylinders, means for transmitting motion from the pistons in the ,nos

compression cylinders to the several valves to turn the same, a motive fluid pump, an air pump, an air jacket around the several cylinders communicating with the air pump, and means for transmitting motion from the valve members to actuate said' pumps.

13. ln an engine, the combination of main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder between the main cylinders, opposed pistons in each cyl-- inder, passages for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinders, valves controlling said passages,

-an air jacket surrounding the cylinders, a

pump for forcing air into the air jacket, a compression cylinderv adjacent to each main cylinder, a valve for controlling the inlet of air from the jaclret into the compression cylindersfa piston in each compression cylinder, an open passage adapted to be closed by the piston connecting each compression cylinder with the adjacent main cylinder, and means operated bythe movement of the pistons in the compression cylinders for actuating said valves controlling the passages between the main and auxiliary cyl inders.

14. ln an engine, the combination ol main cylinders, an auxiliary cylinder, opposed pistons in each of the cylinders, passages for conducting the exhaust from the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinder, valves for controlling the exhaust passages, fuel valves for controlling the admission of fuel to the main cylinders, a reversing fuel inlet valve for each main cylinder, a reversing exhaust valve for each main cylinder, and means for manually actuating the valves controlling the exhaust passages, the 'fuel inlet valves and the reversing fuel inlet and exhaust valves to cause a reversal of the operation of the engine.

'15. In an engine, the combination oit parallel main cylinders, an auxiliary eyl inder between the 'main cylinders extending parallel therewith, passages for conducting the exhaust Yfrom the main cylinders into the auxiliary cylinder, rotary valves con trolling said passages, a series of compres sion cylinders adjacent to each main cylinder with a, compression cylinder adjacent to each end of the main cylinder, and intermediate its ends, said compression cylinders extending transversely of the longitudinal axis of the main cylinders, pistons in the compression cylinders, the pistons in the compression cylinders adjacent to one ci the main cylinders being connected to the pistons in the compression cylinders adjacent to the vother main cylinder tov operate in unison therewith, a rack member actuated by the pistons in the compression cylinders, means on the several rotary valves adapted to be engaged by said rack member to turn the valves, gears on the rotatable valves, reciprocable rack bars for engaging the I gears, and -means' for manually actuating the rack bars.

16. In an engine2 the combination of main cylinders, Jari au'xihary cylinder between the main cylinders, said main vcylinders being provided with exhaust ports intermediate their ends, and an auxiliary cylinder being provided with inlet ports at its ends and intermediate its ends, passages connecting the ports of each main cylinder with the inlet ports of the auxiliary cylinder, rotatable y Avalves for controlling said passages, uel

valves for admitting uel to the main cyl inders, gears-0n al1 of the valves, a reciprocable rack bar between each main cylinder and the adjacent side fo'the auxiliary cylinder in engagement with the gears on the valves, 'e plurality of compression cylinders adjacent to one 'side of each main cylinder ha an open passage communicating with e main cylinder, pistons in the comto one main cylinder `iaith the pistons in the compression. cylinders adjacent to the other,

main cylinder, a rack member connected to said rodsv to be actuated thereby, means on the several valves aged by theA rack member to actuate the 'valves,'a manually operated4 shaft extend 4transversely of the rack bars, gears on said shaft toengage the rack bars, and'v means actuated by the manual turningofthe shaft for controlling the admission of fuel to the main cylinders and the outoiw of theexliaust there rom.

In teetimon whereof I -ax my signature in presence o., two Witnesses.

y y l @TIO KERSCHT.. ynai, 1

Anna Donn, La E. Freemans.

V" w ed tala patent y be obtained fer've vente each, by adreealng time Commissioner of Patente.

Waehingten, D. G.