US1076342A - Liquid-fuel furnace. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Oct 21, 1913.

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G. AYRES.

LIQUIDA FUEL FURNAGE.

ArPLIoATIoN FILED JUNE a, 1913.

1,076,342. Patented 001.21, 1913.

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G. AYRBS.

LIQUID FUEL rURNAcB. AIPLIOATION FILED JUNE 3, 1913.v 1,076,342 Patented Oct. 21, 1913.

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COLUMBIA PLANDURAPH canvAsz-UNUTQN, n. c.

G. AYRES.

LIQUID FUEL PURNAGE. APPLICATION FILED JUNB, 1913. 1,076,342. Patented 001;.21,1913.

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W@ ff G. AYRES.

LIQUID FUEL PUENAGE.

V APPLIOATION FILED JUNES, 1913. 1,076,342 Patented 0015.21, 1913.

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@TED STATES PATENT @FFQE GUSTAV AYRES, OF WASHINGTON, DXSTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOB 'IO JOI-IN C.y

CALHOUN, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

Specification of Letters Patent.

)Patented @et 21, 1913.

Application filed June 3, 1913. Serial No. 771,509.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, Gus'rnv Arens, a citizen of the United States, residing at llfashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Furnaces; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in liquid-fuel furnaces, and it consists in the constructions, combinations and arrangements herein described and claimed.

Ain object of my invention is to provide an improved liquid-fuel furnace, in which the heat can be readily regulated without danger of troublesome fouling and clogging by depositions from the fuel.

.il further object of my invention is to provide an improved liquid-fuel furnace of the pansburner type, which will ope-rate with high efficiency under all practical conditions with various characters of liquid fuels.

ln the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application and in which similar reference symbols indicate corresponding parts in the several views: Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, illustratone emlmdiment of my invention applied to a boiler furnace; Fig. 2 is a fravmentary perspective view of the means shown in Fig. 1 for adjusting the damper and burners; Fig. 3 is a detail front elevation of the lower portion of the furnace shown in Fig. 1; Fig. l is a section on the line 1 4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of automatic means controlled by the boiler pressure for adjusting the damper and burners; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary central vertical section, illustrating a slight modi cation; Fig. 7 is a side elevation, with parts shown in section, illustrating a modified construction provided with means for maintaining the liquid fuel at a constant level in the pan burners, F ig. S is a detail plan view of the branched fuel-supply pipesv leading to the two inde-pendent fuel chambers of one of the pan burners; Fig. 9 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of a modified means for maintaining the liquid-fuel supply at a constant level in the pan burners; Fig. 10 is a front elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a longitudinal vertical section, illustrating my invention applied to a metallurgical furnace; Fig. 12 is a section on the line 12-12 of llig. 11; and Fig. 13 is a fragmentary section, illustrat-ing adjustable dampers for controlling the supply of air entering above and below the several pan burners.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a boiler furnace having a combustion chamber 2 and bridge wall 3; the boiler being shown provided with water tubes t connected to a drum 5. A lire box 6 of fire brick, or other suitable material, is built against the front wall of the furnace 1, and provided with a bottom flue 7 connected with the furnace combustion chamber 2; said lire box being of uniform cross-section throughout and provided with an open top controlled by a damper 8 slidably mounted on a top plate 9.

il lower plate 10 is supported on the bottom of an opening in the front wall of the lire box, and provided with parallel upstanding flanges 11 on which rests the lower fuel pan 12; said flanges spacing the pan from the plate 12 to provide a bottom air conduit 13. 'lhe fuel pan -is divided into two independent fuel chambers 14 by a central longitudinal partition 15as shown especially in Figs. 3, 8 and 12; independent air conduits being provided beneath said chambers le'j by the medial flange 11 of the supporting plate 10.

A lower base plate 16 is provided with parallel downwardly extending flanges 17 adapted to seat on the top of the pan 12, and an intermediate and shorter flange 17, to provide independent air conduits 18 above the fuel chambers 14 of said pan. An upper supporting plate 19, similar to the lower supporting plate 10, rests on the base plate 16 and is provided with parallel upstanding flanges 20 on which rests an upper fuel pan 21; said flanges 20 providing independent air conduits 22 beneath the independent fuel chambers 14 of said pan. The top plate 9 is similar to the plate 1G and provided with parallel downwardly extending flanges 23 adapted to rest on top of the upper fuel pan 21, and an intermediate shorter flange 23, to provide independent air conduits 24 above the fuel chambers of said pan.

The inner ends of the supporting plates 10 and 19 are provided with upwardly inclined deflectors 25 extending parallel to the correspondingly inclined end walls of the fuel pans, for directing the air from the bottom conduits 13 and 22 upwardly against the het gases flowing into the lire box from the upper conduits 18 and 24 above the fuel pan.

Suitable means are employed for automatically maintaining a supply of liquid fuel in the pan burners at approximately the level of the tops of the pans. l have shown t for this purpose independent feed reservoirs 26 connected to the chambers 1 4 of the several fuel pans bynbranched pipes 27; said branched pipes being provided with check valves 28 and cut-off valves 29 for independently cutting off the supply of fuel to either of said chambers 14 of the pan. Oil supply tanks 30 are provided with valved4 discharge pipes'31 opening in the several reservoirs 26 at the level of the desired fuel level in the corresponding pan burners; said tanks 30 discharging into the reservoirs by the well known fountain aetion to automatically maintain a constant liquid-fuel level in said reservoirs and their connected pan burners.

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate a modified construction, in which an oil supply tank 32 discharges into independent feed reservoirs 33 for the several pan burners; said reservoirs 33 containing floats 34 for controlling their inlet valves 35, to automatically maintain a constant level of the liquid fuel in said reservoirs and their connected pan burners. The upper reservoir 33 is shown provided with an over-flow pipe 36 discharging into the open end of an over-flow pipe 37 in the lower "reservoir, thereby providing a simple and effective means for preventing all danger of flooding the pan burners upon failure of the float-controlled valves 35. The several pan burners are provided with rearwardly-extending brackets 38 for supporting flat metal shields 39 slidably mounted on the fuel pans between the outer flanges 17 and 23 resting on said pans; asshown especially in Fig. 3, the medial flanges 17 and 23 are spaced slightly above the medial partitions 15 of the pans to permit the passage of said slidably-mounted metal shields 39 therebetween. riheshields 39 may be advantageously fo-rmed of thin sheet metal, since they are not subjected to the direct action of the burning fuel and are maintained relatively coo-l by the air flowing through the conduits 18 and 24 above the fuel pans. rlhe several shields 39 are connected by links 40 to cranks 41 adjustably secured by set screws 42 on ashaft 43 rotatably mounted in upper and lower bearings 44 and 45 on the front wall. of the fire box; a handle 46 being secured on said shaft to provide convenient means for shifting the shields 39 to vary the extent of the liquidfuel surface in the pans exposed lto the air flowing through the conduits 18 and' 24 above said pans. The damper 8 is connected by a link 47 to a crank 48 adjustably secured by a set screw 49 to the shaft 43; said link being shown provided with a series of apertures 50 adapted to interchangeably engage a securing screw 51 on the damper for readily adjusting said damper relatively to the shields 39.

rlhe above described construction provides an improved means for readily controlling l th-e rate of fuel combustion, and for regulating the action of theburners to insure an efiicient combustion and an entire avoidance of troublesome fouling of the burners and lire box under all operative conditions.

Fig. 5 illustrates means controlled by the boiler pressure for automatically actuating the shaft 43 to regulate the'panrburners. In this construction, a crank 52 is secured to ,the lower end of the shaft 43 and connected by a chain 53 to a weighted plunger 54 mounted in a hydraulic cylinder 55; said chain passing over guide pulleys 56 and carrying at its free end a weight 57 sufficiently heavy to shift said shaft 43 and its attached parts. rFhe hydraulic casing is provided with inlet and outlet conduits 58 Y and 59, respectively, controlled by a piston valve slidably mounted in a casing 60; said piston valve being connected by a link 61 with a weighted lever 62, which latter is fulcrumed at 63 and bears on a plunger 64 adapted to be actuated by a diaphragm within a casing 65. A pipe 66 is provided for placing the lower portion of the diaphragm casing 65 in communication with the steam space of the boiler.

VFrom the above description, it will be clear that should the boiler pressure rise, the weight-ed lever 62 will be raised by the diaphragm plunger 64 and shift the valve within the casing 60 to admit water under pressure through the pi e 58 to the hydraulic cylinder 55; there y forcing up the weighted plunger 54 and causing the shaft 43 to be turned by the weight 57. This actuation of the shaft 43 will reduce the rate of combustion by shifting the shields 39 to reduce the extent of liquid-fuel surface in the pans exposed to the air entering above said pans, and the parts-will remain in such position until the boiler pressure drops to its normal point; whereupon, the weighted lever 62 would force downward the diaphragm pin and shift the controlling valve of the hydraulic cylinder 55r to out oflt-he inlet and outlet conduits of the latter.

Should the boiler pressure drop below its normal point, the weighted lever 62 would force downwardly the diaphragm plunger 64 and depress the controlling valve of the hydraulic cylinder to open the outlet conduitv59 of the latter; whereupon the weighted plunger 54 would actuate the shaft 43 to increase the rate of fuel combustion by withdrawing the shields 39 to increase the extent of the liquid-fuel surface in the pans exposed to the air entering thereabove.

ln the above operation, the damper 8 would be shifted simultaneously with the shields 39 to maintain an efficient proportion of air and het gases within the fire box.

A conduit G7 is provided for admitting air to the combustion chamber 2 of the furnace, and a series of pipes 68 extend through said conduit and the furnace bridge wall 3 for admitting air at the rear of the lat-ter; the front end of said conduit 67 is pro-vided with a sliding damper G9 for controlling the admission of air thereto, and the admission of air through the several pipes 68 is controlled by pivotally-mounted dampers 70 connected to a common actuating handle 7l. This provides a simple and highly advantageous construct-ion, by which the character of the combustion within the furnace can be readily controlled to insure an eiiicient distribution of heat throughout the furnace under all practical conditions.

Fig. 6 illustrates a slight modification, in which the fire box .72 is inclined downwardly to the combustion chamber 2 of the furnace; thereby avoiding all abrupt deflection of the hot gases in flowing from the fire box through the due 73 to the furnace combustion chamber. The pan burners illustrated in this construction are exactly similar to those previously described, and need not be further described; however, it will be noted that the burners are'positioned in slightly stepped arrangement to extend flush with the inclined wall of the fire box 72.

Figs. 11 and lQillustrate my invention applied to a metallurgicalfurnace 74; the pan burners are shown in this construction exactly similar to those'illustrated in Fig. 1, and need not be described in detail.

My invention has proven highly efficient and advantageous in metallurgical furnaces, and I have found that in the reverberatory type of furnace illustrated, lt can maintain an advantageously uniform distribution of the heat at a very high temperature throughout the furnace.

Fig. 7 illustrates a construction having tapered, or wedge-shaped, shiftable shields l5 for varying the extent of liquid-fuel surface exposed in the pans; the tapered portions of said shields 75 acting as dampers for controlling the entrance ends of the conduits above the fuel pans to regulate the flow of air therethrough. rllhis provides a simple and advantageous controlling means for maintaining an efficient relation between the air and fuel-supply under all operative conditions, and minimizes all danger of troublesome depositions of carbon in the furnace.

Fig. 13 illustrates a modification, in which swinging damper plates 76 and 77 are provided for regulating the flow of air above and beneath the several fuel pans; thereby enabling the supply and distribution of the air to be readily regulated at the burners for securing an advantageous operation under all practical conditions. The swinging dampers 76 and 77 are preferably connected to the shift-able shields 39 by linis 7S and 79, respectively, for simultaneously shifting said damper-s with the shields 39 to maintain a satisfactory relation between the vair and fuel at the burners in all positions of said shields.

`l have illustrated and described preferred and satisfactory constructions, but changes could be made within the spirit and scope of my invention.

l claim 1. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner having a longitudinal vertical partition to provide two independent fuel chambers, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said chambers, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said chambers, shiftable means for varying the extent o-f such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, andmeans for independently controlling the fuel supply to either of said chambers.

2. In a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a fire box provided with an open top and with a front opening adjacent thereto, a damper for controlling the open top of said fire box, a pan burner extending through such front opening, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exand a common means for posed to the air,

damper and simultaneously shifting said shiftable means.

3. In a liquid-fuel furnace, the combina` tion of a fire box provided with an open top and with a front opening adjacent thereto, a damper for controlling the open top of said fire box, a pan burner extending through such front opening, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquidfuel surface exposed to the air, a common means for simultaneously shifting said damper and shiftable means, and means for adjusting the relative positions of said damper and shiftable means.

4. ln a boiler furnace, the combination of a fire box communicating at its lower end with the combustion chamber of said furnace, a pan burner extending through the front wall of said fire box adjacent the top of the latter, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, and adjustable means for independently admitting air respectively to the combustion chamber of said furnace and at the rear of the bridge wall of the latter.

5. ln a boiler furnace, the combination of an open top fire box communicating at its lower end with the combustion chamber of said furnace, a damper for controlling the open top of said lire box, a pan burner extending through the front wall of said fire box adjacent the top of the latter, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for Varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, a common means for simultaneously shifting said damper and shiftable means,`and adjustable means for independently admitting air respectively to the combustion chamber of said furnace and at the rear of the bridge wall of the latter.

G. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means in said' conduit for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, and means for regulating the flow of air through said conduit.

7. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit 'for directing air across the surface o-f the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable meansA in said conduit for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, a damper for controlling the flow of air through said conduit, and means for simultaneously actuating said damper and shiftable means for varying the flow of air through said conduit and the extent of fuel surface exposed to such air.

8. lfn a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, Va conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for Varying the extent of such liquid-fuel sur- Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

face exposed to the air, apassage below said pan rburner for directing air beneath the products of combustion flowing from the pan surface, and means for regulating the flow of air through said conduit and passage.

9. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a co-nduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, a passage below said pan burner for directing air beneath the products of combustion flowing from the pan surface, and separate dampers controlling said conduit and passage for regulating the flow of air therethrough.V

l0. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for.

directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquid-fuel surface exposed to the air, a passage below said pan burner for directing air beneath the products of combustion flowing from the pan surface, separate dampers controlling said conduit andpassage for regulating the flow ofpairtherethrough, and means for simultaneously actuating said dampers for,

regulating the flow of air through said conduit and passage.

ll. ln a liquid-fuel furnace, the combination of a pan burner, means for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, a conduit for directing air across the surface of the liquid fuel in said burner, shiftable means for varying the extent of such liquidefuel surface exposedto the air, a passage below said pan burner for directing airbeneath the products of combustion flowing from the pan surface, separate dampers controlling said conduit and passage for regulating the flow of air therethrough, and means for simultaneously actuating said shiftable means and dampers.

In testimony whereof7 l affix my signa ture7 in presence of two witnesses. Y

- GUSTAV AYRES.

lVitnesses EDWIN J. BELLER, D. KIND VVATKINS.

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