US1075231A - Chip-breaker for planing-machines. - Google Patents

Description

P. A. SOLEM. CHIP BREAKER FOR PLANING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1913. V

Patented 0ct.7,1913.

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P. A. SOLEM.

OHIP BREAKER FOR PLANING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1913.

1 75 3 1 Patented Oct. 7, 1913.

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UNITED @FFTQE.

PETER A. SOLEM, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO J. A. FAY & EGAN COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

CHIP-BREAKER FOR PLANING-1VIAOHINES.

Original application filed February 1, 1913, Serial No. 45,698.

Serial No. 772,110.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, PETER A. SoLnM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chip-Breakers for Planing-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to chip-breakers for the upper cutter-heads in wood planing machinery.

It is the object of my invention to provide new and improved means for mounting and for yield of the chip-breaker so arranged as to cause a right line movement of the chipbreaker with relation to the cutter-head and to insure parallel yield of the chip-breaker with relation to the stock-support; further to provide novel substantial means for resisting the yield of the chip-breaker so arranged as to occupy little space lengthwise of the machine, and to provide novel spring mechanism in connection therewith so constructed and arranged as to insure great resistance to the yield of the chip-breaker with minimum yield of the spring.

It is the object of my invention further, to provide a chip-breaker having a right line yielding movement, with a foot whose sole is arranged at such angle and is so located with relation to the right line guide of the chip-breaker as to permit contact of said sole by a large range of thicknesses of stock in such manner as to permit ready yield of the chip-breaker throughout said range; and to provide a toe having a chip-breaking edge backed by a substantial thickness of metal, both the said edge and metal backing being closely adjacent to the path of the knives of the rotary cutter-head so as to maintain said chip-breaking edge in close proximity to said path, irrespective of wearing of the chip-breaker toe, and for providing a right line yielding chip-breaker in which the wear, due to the stock fed through the machine, causes recession of the chip-breaking edge in a line parallel to the line of movement of the chip-breaker.

The invention will be further readily understood from the following description and claims, and from the drawings, in which latter:

Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved device, shown in connection with so much Specification of Letters Eatent.

Patented Oct. 7, 1913.

Divided and this application filed June 6,

of a wood planing machine as is necessary to illustrate my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section of the same taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the same; and, Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view indicating the relation of the chipbreaker and its movement to the cutter-head and the plane of the stock-support.

This application is a division of an application heretofore filed by me for patent on improvements in wood planing machines, Serial No. 745,696, filed February 1, 1913.

11 indicates the main frame, partly broken away, of a wood planing machine in which my invention is embodied. There may be one or more horizontal or horizontal and vertical cutter-heads and suitable feeding devices mounted in the machine.

My invention is applicable to the upper rotary cutter-head, such a cutter-head being shown at 12. The stock is arranged to be fed through the machine in the direction of the arrow at over a suitable stock support, indicated by the table 13.

14, 14:, are standards rigid on the main frame. A cutter-head housing 15 is adjustable up and down on the standards, being guided by suitable guides shown at 16. The adjustment of the housing may be accomplished by suitable means, shown as upright screw-rods 17 having threaded connections in threaded bearings 18 of the housing and journaled in bearings 19 of the frame, and simultaneously operable by a cross-rod 20 which has gears 21 fast thereon meshing with gears 22 fast on the screw-rods, the cross-rod being provided with a suitable operating device, shown as a squared end 23 thereof arranged to receive a suitable socket wrench.

The cutterhead is on a shaft 25 journaled in bearings 26 on the cutter-head housing. It is arranged to carry suitable cutter-blades, instanced by the cutter-blades 27. The cutting edges of the cutter-blades during operative rotation of the cutter-heads, describe a circle instanced by the dotted circle 28 (see Fig.4), and which may be referred to as the circle of swing of the cutting edges of the cutter-blades.

31 is a chip-breaker before the cut of the cutter-head, which may comprise a chipbreaker foot 82 adjustable on the body 33 of the chip-breaker toward and from the cutter-head. The foot has a toe 3st. This adjustment is accomplished by providing a guide 35 between the body and foot of the chip-breaker (see Figs. 2 and 3). A setscrew 36 at each end of the chip-breaker is adjustable in a threaded bearing 37 on a lug 38 on the foot 32, and is locked in adjusted positions by a lock-nut 39, the end of the set-screw bearing against a lug i0 on the body of the chip-breaker. The chipbreaker foot is clamped to its body by means of screws 41 received through slots 42 in the body and threaded into threaded bearings as in said foot. Means hereinafter described are provided for limiting approach of the toe toward the cutter-head.

The chip-breaker has slide-connection at each end thereof with the cutter-head housing, shown in the form of guides 45 on the body of the chip-breaker, slidable in guideways 46 in the housing, one wall of each of said guideways being formed by a plate 47 rigidly secured to the housing by bolts T8.

The sole 51 of the chip-breaker foot extends at an angle to the plane of the feeding face of the stock support, and the guides 15 extend at an angle to a plane at right angles to said feeding face coincident with the axis of rotation of the cutter-head, the sum of said angles substantially equaling the angle between said sole and guides, sai. angles being located in planes parallel to the direction of feed of the stock. The angle of said sole permits contact of said sole by the ends of stock, such as boards, throughout a wide range of thicknesses of stock, and the relation of said sole to said guides is such as to permit ready yield of said chip-breaker throughout said range. 1 have illustrated the relation of these angles diagrammatically in Fig. 4, in which 28 represents the circle in which the cutting edges of the cutter-blades swing, and 53 the axis of rotation of the cutter-head. The dotted line 5e represents the vertical plane parallel to said axis of rotation in which said axis is located, and 55 represents the plane of the feeding surface of the stock supporting table. The direction in. which the guides 45 extend is indicated by the dotted line 56. The direction in which the sole 51 extends is indicated by the dotted line 57. The line of movement of the forward edge of the tee is indicated by the dotted line 58. It will be seen that as the chip-breaker foot is raised, the edge of the chip-breaker toe nearest the cutter-head approaches the cirole of swing 28, but will at all times be clear of intersecting said circle so as to prevent damage to the parts. The lower face 59 of the chip-breaking end of the toe is parallel to the plane of the supporting face of the stock support, and the chip-breaking end 60 of the toe nearest the cutter-head is parbreaker, for forming a chip-breaking edge 61 parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutter-head and the stock support, which is backed by a substantial thickness of metal integral with the chip-breaker toe between the sole 51 and a wall 62 on said too for the throat 63 of the chip-breaker.

Novel means are provided for resisting raise of the chip-breaker and for causing the chip-breaker to move in parallel lines so as to avoid binding of the chip-breaker in its guides irrespective of the pointcrosswise of the chip-breaker at which the contact of the material therewith takes place. For this purpose I provide double-link yokes 71, 72, each of which is an integral structure. The double-link yoke 71 comprises the links 73 having a cross-piece 7st integral therewith. he double-linkyoke 7 2 comprises the links 75 having cross-piece 76 integral therewith between the same at one end thereof. The double link yoke 71 has bearings 77 at one end thereof, in which journal-bolts 78 are journaled, the journalbolts having threaded connections in the bearings 79 of the body of the chip-breaker. The doublelink yoke 71 further has bearings S0 at its other end, in which journalbolts 81 are journaled, these journal-bolts having threaded connections in the connected bearing 82 at one end of the double-link yoke 72. The latter yoke further has bearings 83 at the other end thereof, through which a rod 84 extends, the rod further having support in the lugs 85 of the cutter head housing. The pivotal connections of the yokes are arranged at each of the four corners of each of said yo res, preventing teetering thereof or binding of the chipbreaker in its guideways.

91 is a pivot-cup in which a spring 92 is received, the cup being on a cross-piece 93 having trunnions 9 f journaled in bear-- ings 95 of the links 75. These trunnions are located nearer the pivotal connections of the yokes 72 with the housing than the pivotal connections between the yokes, whereby a minimum of movement of compression and extension of the spring will be caused by the movement of the yoke 72 in accommodating itself to the changes in positions of the chip-breaker.

A screwrod 96 is threaded into a threaded bearing 97 in the cross-girt 98 of the cutter-head housing, the chip-breaker extending below the cross-girt and the yoke 72 above the cross-girt, the yoke 71 being closely adjacent to the rear of the cross-girt, providing compact arrangement of the parts. The screw-rod 96 is surrounded by the spring 92 and has a cup 99 adjacent its up per end adjustably positioned by a set-nut 100 and a lock-nut 101.

A set-screw 102 is threaded into a threadallel to the line of movement of the chiped bearing 103 in the yoke 72 and impinges the crossgirt 98 for adjustably limiting downward movement of the chip-breaker. The set-screw 102 is locked in adjusted positions by a lock-nut 104.

My improved construction provides a right line movement chip-breaker with a sole extending at such angle to the line of movement of the chip-breaker and the plane of the stock-support as to permit contact of said sole by the ends of boards varying substantially in thickness and permits ready yield of said chip-breaker throughout said range, avoiding binding of the guided parts, and causing said yield to be parallel and the resistance to the yield to be substantially constant.

My improved construction further provides means whereby a fiat contact face always rides on the upper face of the stock adjacent to the cutter-head for straddling successive ridges thereon, made for instance in band sawing, thereby preventing chattering of the board under the cutter-head and insuring smoother planing.

It further provides a substantial chipbreaking end for the toe so arranged that the chip-breaking edge may reach under the cutter-head and be backed by a substantial thickness of metal, whereby wearing away of the chip-breaker toe from the circle of cut is reduced and the wearing away of the chip-breaking edge caused to take place in a direction parallel to the line of movement of the chip-breaker. It further provides a construction whereby a chip-breaker toe of substantial thickness is permitted to reach under the cutter-head to substantial extent without danger of contact with the cutters of the cutter-head. These considerations are especially valuable in high speed machines.

Instancing the operation, the end of the board being fed through the machine will strike the sole of the chip-breaker foot, which is at an angle to the horizontal of preferably approximately fifteen degrees, as see the angle 6 (Fig. l), and at such an angle to the direction of the movement of the chip-breaker, preferably approximately forty-five degrees, see the angle 0, as to permit a ready movement of the chip-breaker in its guides throughout a wide range of different thicknesses of stock, and for causing a movement of the chip-breaker toe in a direct-ion at an angle to the vertical of preferably thirty degrees, see the angle cl, where by approach of the toe toward the circle of swing of the cutting edges of the cutterblades, upon cutting thicker chips, is caused in such ratio as to provide an exceptionally smoothly cut surface irrespective of the extent of raising movement of the chipbreaker.

The tendency of the chips to sliver or splinter below the plane of the planed surface of the board increases with their thick-- ness, and I have found this tendency is counteracted in best manner by arranging the contacted surface, chip-breaking surface and guiding surfaces in substantially the rela tions stated, smoothness of the planing being further insured by the construction and arrangement of the parts which resist the yield of the chip-breaker, causing substantially equal pressure throughout the range of yield.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a wood planing machine, the combi nation of a chip-breaker for a rotary cutterhead, a right-line guide at each end of said chip-breaker for guiding said chip-breaker in a right-line movement, and a plurality of integral yokes pivoted respectively at the four corners thereof to each other and to said housing and said chip-breaker, the said pivotal connections of said respective yokes being located in planes parallel to the direction of feeding movement of the stock past said chip-breaker which are adjacent to the respective ends of the stock-contacted face of said chip-breaker, whereby said yokes and said chip-breaker are maintained parallel, for the purposes described.

2. In a wood planing machine, the combination with a frame, an upper cutter-head housing, a cutter-head journaled therein in its forward portion, means for adjusting said housing up and down on said frame, said housing comprising a cross-girt extending crosswise of the machine, a chipbreaker having a stock-contact portion extending under said cross-girt toward said cutter-head, right-line guiding means for said chip-breaker on said housing, and pressure means for said chip-breaker comprising a plurality of inter-pivoted integral yokes, said yokes extending integrally crosswise of said housing, one end of said interpivoted yokes pivoted to said housing and the other end of said interpivoted yokes pivoted to said chip-breaker, and said yokes arranged above and across the rear of said cross-girt, for the purpose specified.

3. In a wood planing machine, the combination with a cutter-head housing comprising a cross-girtof angle form, of a chipbreaker comprising a chip-breaker foo-t extending under said cross-girt, means for causing right-line movement of said chipbreaker, integral double-link yokes pivoted respectively at the four corners thereof to each other and to said housing and chipbreaker, and respectively extending substantially parallel with the sides of the angle of said cross-girt, and spring resist ance means for resisting the raising of said chip-breaker operatively located between said cross-girt and the one of said yokes pivoted to said housing.

4. In a wood planing machine, the combination with a cutter-head housing comprising a cross-girtof angle form, of a chipbreaker comprising a chip-breaker foot extending under said cross-girt, means for causing right-line movement of said chipbreaker, integral double-link yokes pivoted respectively at the four corners thereof to each other and to said housing and chipbreaker, and respectively extending substantially parallel with the sides of the angle of said cross-girt, spring resistance means for resisting the raising of said chip-breaker operatively located between said cross-girt and one of said yokes, and an adjustable stop on said lastna1ned yoke located in line with the side of the angle of said cross-girt parallel to the other of said yokes.

5. In a wood planing machine, the combination of an upper cutter-head housing, a cutter-head journaled in the forward portion of said housing, said housing comprising a cross-girt, a chip-breaker whose chipbr-eaking portion extends under said crossgirt toward said cutter-head, right line guiding means for said chip-breaker on said housing, a pair of integral yokes extending integrally crosswise of said housing and pivoted together adjacent to said cross-girt, one of said yokes arranged above said crossgirt and pivoted to the forward upper portion of said housing, and the other of said yokes extending downwardly in rear of said cross-girt and pivoted to said chip-breaker, for the purpose specified.

6. In a woo-d planing machine, the combination of an upper cutter-head housing, a cutter-head jo-urnaled in the forward por tion of said housing, said housing comprising a cross-girt, a chip-breaker whose chipbreaking portion extends under said crossgii'ttoward said cutter-head, right-line guiding means for said chip-breaker on said housing, a pair of integral doublelink yokes extending integrally crosswise of said housing and pivoted together adjacent to said cross-girt, one of said yokes arranged above said cross-girt and pivoted to the forward upper portion of said housing, a trunnioned cross-piece between the links of said last-named integral yoke, spring-resistance means operatively located between said trunnioned cross-piece and said cross-girt, and the other of said yokes extending clownwardly in rear of said cross-girt and pivoted to said chip-breaker, for the purpose specified.

7. In a wood planing machine, the combination with a stock-support and an upper rotary cutter-head, of a chip-breaker for said upper rotary cutter-head, and right-line guiding means for guiding said chip-breaker in a right line movement, said chip-breaker provided with a chip-breaking edge and with an end-face and a bottom face of substan tially equal width extending from said chipbreaking edge, said bottom face parallel to the stock-supporting surface of said stocksupport and said end-face parallel to said right-line movement of said chip-breaker for maintaining the chip-breaking edge of said chip-breaker parallel. to said right line movement upon wear of a portion of said bottom face at said chipbreaking edge, and said chip-breaker having an upwardly inclined stock-contacted face in advance of said bottom face.

8. In a wood planing machine, the combination of a rotary cutter-head, a stocksupport having a stock-contacted face, a chip-breaker comprising a chip-breaker foot having a stock-contacted sole extending at an angle to said stock-contacted face, said chip-breaker foot having a toe thereon adjacent to said outterhead, a guide for said chip-breaker for guiding said chip-breaker in a right line of movement at an angle to said stock-contacted face, said toe having a stoclocontacted bottom at its end adjacent to said cutter-head which is parallel to said stockcontacted face and at an angle to said sole, and said toe having an upper wall forming a wall of the throat for said chipbreaker and an end-face bet-ween said lastnamed wall and said stoclecontacted bottom which is substantially parallel to said right line for forming a chip-breaking edge closely adjacent to the path of the knives of said cutter-head and a toe having substantial thickness of metal above said edge, for the purpose described.

9. In a wood planing machine, the combi nation with a rotary cutter-head and a stocksupport having a stock-contacted face, of a chip-breaker comprising a chip-breaker foot having a stock-contacted sole, right line guiding means for guiding said chip-breaker, the angular distance between said sole ex" tended and the plane of said stock-contacted faces being substantially half the angular distance between said line of said chipbreaker movement and a plane perpendicular to said support coincident with the axis of rotation of said cutterehead, and the sum of said angular distances being substantially the same as the angular distance between said line of guided movement and said sole extended, for the purposes described.

10. In a wood planing machine, the combination of a rotary cutter-head, a stocksupport having a stock-contacted face, a chip-breaker comprising a chip breaker foot having a chipsbreaking too, right line guides for said chip-breaker, said chip-breaker foot provided with a sole extending in a plane having an angular distance from theplane of said stock-contacted face of substantially fifteen degrees, and said toe having a stock contacted bottom substantially parallel to said stock-contacted face located in front of In testimony yvhereof, I have hereunto said sole and the angular distance between signed my name 1n the presence of two subsaid right line guides and a line perpendicuscribing Witnesses.

lar to the plane of said stock-contacted face PETER A. SOLEM. intersecting the axis of rotation of said cut- WVitnesses:

ter-head being substantially thirty degrees, CHARLES E. WEBER,

for the purposes described. THERESA M. SILBER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G.

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