US107489A - Improvement in compositions for pavements - Google Patents
Improvement in compositions for pavements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US107489A US107489A US107489DA US107489A US 107489 A US107489 A US 107489A US 107489D A US107489D A US 107489DA US 107489 A US107489 A US 107489A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bitumen
- tar
- calcareous
- asphalt
- pavements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002126 Creosote Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241001504664 Crossocheilus latius Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007588 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011286 gas tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
Definitions
- bitumen is found in combination with earthy material other than calcareous, and instead of being a mineral asphalt deposit it is simply a pitch or bituminous lake.
- Bitumen or pitch identical with the bitumen or pitch in mineral asphalt, exists largely in coal or gas tar. This is extracted by distillation from the coal-tar in the following manner: The vessel or retort in which is placed the coal-tar to be distilled 011 is wholly surrounded and embedded in both a water and sand bath, in order that no injury may occur by charring (through the direct contact of fire and heat) to the bitumen composing the solid part of tar.
- the heat of distillation is then run up to a few degrees short of the point when the carbolic acid or creosote of coal-tar is eliminated-say 375 Fahrenheit-and no higher degree of heat applied, in order that the carbolic acid and other fixed elements in the tar may be retained in the bitumen.
- the bitumen thus prepared is then ready for admixture with the calcareous earth,to form an asphaltic compound for paving purposes. Any calcareous earth or calcareous sand may be used for the union with the bitumen. This union, in short, forms an artificial asphalt, which is durable for paving purposes, and is a compact, semielastic solid.
- a pavement laid with these two materialsbitumen and marl presents a smooth appearance, is not liable to abrasion by the attrition of feet passing over it, and, beingin its nature a semi-elastic solid, friction from travel is avoided and durability is secured.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JOSHUA R. HAYES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No; 107,489, dated September 20, 1870.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOSHUA It. HAYEs, M. D., of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Making Asphalt Pavements; and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
In making myimproved asphaltic compound for paving streets, sidewalks, &c., I keep in view the chemical affinity that exists between bitumen and calcareous matter-a combination found in nature and known under the name of mineral asphalt. Chemically, the native mineral asphalt is bitumen or pitch in combination with earthy material. Of the latter material, calcareous earth, by reason of its affinity for bitumen, gives to the asphalt mineral its valuable and durable characteristics for paving purposes. For this reason the mineral asphalt found in France and Switzer-v land are superior to those found elsewhere, as in Trinidad, 850. In the latter case the bitumen is found in combination with earthy material other than calcareous, and instead of being a mineral asphalt deposit it is simply a pitch or bituminous lake.
here bitumen is found properly combined with calcareous earth we find true asphalt, which, in the language of Professor Ure, forms a compact, semi-elastic solid, which is not liable to injury by the greatest alternation of frost and thaw, which often disintegrate in a few years the hardest stone; nor can it be ground to dust and worn away by the attrition of the feet of men and animals, as sandstones, flags, and even granite, are.
Bitumen or pitch, identical with the bitumen or pitch in mineral asphalt, exists largely in coal or gas tar. This is extracted by distillation from the coal-tar in the following manner: The vessel or retort in which is placed the coal-tar to be distilled 011 is wholly surrounded and embedded in both a water and sand bath, in order that no injury may occur by charring (through the direct contact of fire and heat) to the bitumen composing the solid part of tar.
When a moderate degree of heat-say about 225 Fahrenheitis applied, so that the naphthas and other light volatile products are pass ing over in distillation, I add to every fifty gallons of tar one-half gallon fuming nitrous acid, previously heated to the boiling-point. This acid violently attacks the naphthas and all the lighter volatile elements .in the tar, and, by decomposing and consuming them, facilitates the distillation, and at the same time tends to render inodorous (by thus destroying and decomposing the volatile elements) the remaining bitumen or pitch. The heat of distillation is then run up to a few degrees short of the point when the carbolic acid or creosote of coal-tar is eliminated-say 375 Fahrenheit-and no higher degree of heat applied, in order that the carbolic acid and other fixed elements in the tar may be retained in the bitumen. The bitumen thus prepared is then ready for admixture with the calcareous earth,to form an asphaltic compound for paving purposes. Any calcareous earth or calcareous sand may be used for the union with the bitumen. This union, in short, forms an artificial asphalt, which is durable for paving purposes, and is a compact, semielastic solid.
As bitumen, as Ihave shown, only requires a calcareous earth' to unite chemically with it to render it durable and solid for paving purposes, the addition of extraneous substances, as sand, gravel, stones, ashes, cinders, crude lime, cement, &c., only tends to destroy the integrity and tenacity of the compound, while these materials themselves are capable of bein g ground into impalpable powders by attrition from the feet of men and animals, causing the destruction of the pavement and incalculable annoyance to all who travel upon it.
One of the best calcareous earths, if not the very best, to unite with the bitumen extracted from coal-tar is the deposit indigenous to many localities in the United States, and commonly termed marl. This marl or calcareous earthy material, previously warmed over a gentle fire in a furnace adapted to the purpose, is thoroughly mixed with the bitumen or pitch, previously melted, in about the following proportions: Eighty parts marl; twenty parts bitumen. It is then laid down, when hot, the required thickness, and rolled smoothly with an iron or stone roller of the requisite size and weight. lVhen cool, this union of the bitumen and marl forms a compact, semi-elastic solidfin physical appearance not unlike the native mineral asphalt, and certainly very near it in chemical constituents.
A pavement laid with these two materialsbitumen and marlpresents a smooth appearance, is not liable to abrasion by the attrition of feet passing over it, and, beingin its nature a semi-elastic solid, friction from travel is avoided and durability is secured.
I do not here claim the process above described for preparing the bitumen, as that is the subject of another application but That I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
Marl in combination with bitumen or pitch, prepared as described, to form an asphaltic compound for paving purposes, substantially as described.
J. 1" HAYES, M. l).
\Vitnesses:
1). H. S'roNn,
WM. W. BADGER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US107489A true US107489A (en) | 1870-09-20 |
Family
ID=2176963
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US107489D Expired - Lifetime US107489A (en) | Improvement in compositions for pavements |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US107489A (en) |
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0
- US US107489D patent/US107489A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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