US10737308B2 - Method of producing hollow objects and an arrangement for such method - Google Patents

Method of producing hollow objects and an arrangement for such method Download PDF

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Publication number
US10737308B2
US10737308B2 US15/703,318 US201715703318A US10737308B2 US 10737308 B2 US10737308 B2 US 10737308B2 US 201715703318 A US201715703318 A US 201715703318A US 10737308 B2 US10737308 B2 US 10737308B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
hollow
semi
finished
metal product
hollow semi
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US15/703,318
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English (en)
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US20180078987A1 (en
Inventor
Bohuslav Masek
Hana Jirková
Ctibor Stadler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zapadoceska Univerzita v Plzni
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Zapadoceska Univerzita v Plzni
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Assigned to ZÁPADOCESKÁ UNIVERZITA V PLZNI reassignment ZÁPADOCESKÁ UNIVERZITA V PLZNI ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JIRKOVÁ, HANA, MASEK, BOHUSLAV, STADLER, CTIBOR
Publication of US20180078987A1 publication Critical patent/US20180078987A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/027—Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/029—Closing or sealing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/031—Mould construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/041—Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/047—Mould construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/049—Deforming bodies having a closed end

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of producing hollow objects of metals by a hot process and an arrangement for such method.
  • Hollow objects promise a considerable potential for use in lightweight structures. In their technical applications, the weight of the material is utilized more efficiently for providing the desired function. Besides hollow objects in which the presence of a cavity is the necessary condition, e.g. in the design of piping, pressure vessels, heat exchangers or springs, the number of applications has been increasing recently in which a cavity is predominantly a feature that provides weight savings, including the aspect of the moment of inertia.
  • Hollow rotating shafts may serve as an example. They have much lower mass than identical solid shafts. Yet, such hollow shafts can transmit a comparable torque at identical outside dimensions. In addition, their acceleration and deceleration require much less energy, owing to their lower moment of inertia. The better the mechanical properties of material, the thinner the wall can be—and the higher the efficiency of the mass of the structural element.
  • Hollow objects made of steels must be first converted to the required shape and then, in order to obtain excellent properties, heat treated to impart high strength and sufficient toughness.
  • the shape of such a semi-finished product can be obtained by various methods, e.g. machining, forming or welding.
  • the input semi-finished product is heated to an austenite temperature of the material of which the semi-finished product is made, the semi-finished product is then converted to the final shape of the hollow object in a forming device and immediately after that this object is cooled to a temperature, at which incomplete transformation of austenite to martensite takes place.
  • retained austenite stabilization is effected in a heating device by way of diffusion-based carbon partitioning within the material from which the hollow object is made. Once the stabilization is finished, the hollow object is cooled in a cooling device to ambient temperature.
  • the present invention relates to a method of producing shaped hollow objects of metals by a hot process and an arrangement for such method.
  • the method of making shaped hollow objects of metals by a hot process is characterized by heating a metal hollow semi-finished product with at least one opening to a forming temperature which is equal to an austenite temperature of the material of which the semi-finished product is made.
  • the heating device can comprise a device capable of providing induction heating but the semi-finished product may also be heated in a furnace.
  • the semi-finished product is placed into a cavity whose shape corresponds to the desired final external shape of the hollow object.
  • the cavity is then sealed and a medium in the form of water, steam or a mixture of water and steam is introduced into the cavity.
  • the cavity is formed by a mould, whose opening's entry edge has an expanded portion, against which a sealing feature is oriented.
  • the outer surface of said sealing feature is arranged to close against this expanded portion, and this sealing feature is provided with a means of supply of a medium.
  • This sealing feature is provided with a tube through which the means of supply of medium passes. The tube extends into the interior of the semi-finished product.
  • the material cools gradually and no transformation occurs until the forming process is finished.
  • the entire forming process takes place in austenite condition.
  • the material cools further. This process can be applied several times, until the mould contour is filled completely.
  • the mould may be heated, by which means the cooling of the formed hollow object can be stopped at a desired temperature.
  • microstructural evolution can be controlled to achieve austenite transformation to martensite or bainite or ferrite. At the same time, part of austenite may remain untransformed due to interrupted cooling.
  • the hollow object is removed from the mould and, depending on the type of desired microstructure, either controlled cooling to ambient temperature or, alternatively, holding at a defined temperature is carried out which leads to partitioning of elements, most notably carbon, in the microstructure.
  • ductility and toughness improve. This hold is followed by cooling to ambient temperature.
  • the resultant microstructure may contain hardening phases comprising martensite and bainite, and metastable austenite, and, if required, the microstructure may also contain ferrite.
  • forming process in the hollow object may be effected by means of steam pressure.
  • Steam is generated by evaporation of water which is supplied by means of a tube into the space in the cavity of semi-finished product being formed. It is advantageous when the circumference of the tube is provided with nozzles for distributing the steam pressure more uniformly.
  • the tube may be preheated to a temperature of approximately 200° C. Water mist or steam from the nozzles hits the heated inner wall of the hollow semi-finished product, which causes steam to be generated and steam pressure to build up.
  • the sealing feature which comprises a tube, also forms a seal for the mould so that the steam pressure in the cavity rises to a level which permits the semi-finished product to expand inside the mould.
  • the inner pressure causes the semi-finished product to be shaped perfectly by a hot or warm process until the semi-finished product comes into contact with the mould wall.
  • the sealing feature may be advantageously pressed via a spring which, when maximum pressure is exceeded, separates the sealing feature's outer surface, which is arranged to close against the expanded portion of the entrance edge of the die opening, from this expanded portion and the gap thus provided enables a part of the pressurized steam to be released to the surroundings.
  • the spring provides the function of a pressure relief valve. After the specified temperature and pressure have been achieved, the mould opens, the dies draw away from each other and the resulting hollow object is removed from the forming device.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic depiction of a forming device for making hollow objects prior to the process and with a semi-finished product of the initial and final shapes, respectively.
  • a metal hollow semi-finished product P provided with one opening is made of the 25SiCrB material (Tab. 1).
  • This semi-finished product P is heated approximately to its austenite temperature of 950° C. in an electrical furnace.
  • the semi-finished product P is transferred by means of tongs into a forming device.
  • the forming device comprises a split mould F and a sealing feature U.
  • a cavity D is created by bringing both parts of the mould F together, with their opening's entrance edge being provided with an expanded portion Z′, against which the sealing feature U is oriented, whose outer surface B′ is arranged to close against this expanded portion Z′. Bringing the sealing feature U into contact with the expanded portion Z′ seals the cavity D.
  • the sealing feature U is provided with a tube T and a means of supply of water by which it extends into the cavity D of the mould and into the semi-finished product P.
  • the tube T is provided with nozzles T′.
  • the forming process in the forming device takes place with the aid of steam which creates internal pressure.
  • the steam is generated by supplying water through nozzles T′ in the tube T, as a consequence of the contact of water with the heated semi-finished product.
  • the semi-finished product P is deformed into the final hollow object shape at temperatures in an interval of approximately 920° C. to 500° C.
  • the final shape is obtained by filling the internal contour of the cavity D in the forming device.
  • the sealing feature U is pressed against the mould F via a spring A, which rests on the outer surface B′ of the sealing feature.
  • said spring moves the outer surface B′, which is arranged to close against the expanded portion Z′ of the entrance edge of the opening of the mould F, away from this expanded portion Z′ and the gap thus provided enables part of the pressurized steam to be released to the surrounding space.
  • the spring A fulfils the function of a pressure relief valve.
  • the cavity D is opened, both parts of the mould F are drawn apart and the resultant hollow object is removed from the forming device and is subsequently cooled to the ambient temperature.
  • the heating device comprises a continuous furnace at the temperature of 250° C. This temperature enables carbon redistribution, austenite stabilization and relieves stress in the microstructure.
  • the hollow object is kept at 250° C. in the furnace for about 6 minutes.
  • the hollow object is removed from the heating device and cooled by means of a cooling device in still air to ambient temperature or to room temperature, in this case 20° C.
  • the cooling device has the form of a cooling conveyor.
  • This invention can be used in the production of metal parts, namely in the metallurgical industry in making semi-finished products, in particular for the automotive industry.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US15/703,318 2016-09-19 2017-09-13 Method of producing hollow objects and an arrangement for such method Expired - Fee Related US10737308B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2016-574A CZ2016574A3 (cs) 2016-09-19 2016-09-19 Způsob výroby dutých těles a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu
CZ2016-574 2016-09-19
CZPV2016-574 2016-09-19

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US20180078987A1 US20180078987A1 (en) 2018-03-22
US10737308B2 true US10737308B2 (en) 2020-08-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11338353B2 (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-05-24 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for heat exchanger manufacturing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113319185B (zh) * 2021-06-08 2023-04-11 哈尔滨工业大学 一种大直径薄壁筒形件流体压力成形装置及成形方法

Citations (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB392635A (en) * 1931-12-02 1933-05-25 Alexander James Middler A method of forming outward projections on the walls of hollow forgings or tubes
FR1056298A (cs) * 1954-02-25
US5916317A (en) * 1996-01-04 1999-06-29 Ball Corporation Metal container body shaping/embossing
EP0930109A2 (en) 1997-12-23 1999-07-21 GKN Sankey Limited A fluid forming process
EP1063029A1 (de) 1999-06-24 2000-12-27 Benteler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Innendruckformen eines hohlen metallischen Werkstücks
US6261392B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-07-17 Accra Teknik Ab Method for manufacturing quenched thin-walled metal hollow casing by blow-moulding
EP1306145A1 (de) 2001-10-27 2003-05-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches Innendruck-Umformverfahren
US20040200550A1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2004-10-14 Pfaffmann George D. Method of forming a tubular blank into a structural component and die therefor
US20050186302A1 (en) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-25 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Warm hydro-forming device
US20060060601A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-23 Kubacki Edward F Dry hydraulic can shaping
US7392679B1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-07-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Hydroform tube sealing assembly
US20090229333A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Controlling Fluid Pressure in a Hydroforming Process
US7685856B1 (en) * 2008-11-11 2010-03-30 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Two mode hydroform seal apparatus and method
US20110023568A1 (en) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method of hot bulge forming, and product formed by hot bulge forming
CZ302917B6 (cs) 2011-02-18 2012-01-18 Západoceská Univerzita V Plzni Zpusob výroby dutých vysokopevných teles z vícefázových martenzitických ocelí
US20130081741A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Bohuslav Masek Method of achieving trip microstructure in steels by means of deformation heat
KR20140002264A (ko) 2012-06-28 2014-01-08 현대제철 주식회사 고온 하이드로포밍을 이용한 부품 제조방법
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1056298A (cs) * 1954-02-25
GB392635A (en) * 1931-12-02 1933-05-25 Alexander James Middler A method of forming outward projections on the walls of hollow forgings or tubes
US5916317A (en) * 1996-01-04 1999-06-29 Ball Corporation Metal container body shaping/embossing
US6261392B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-07-17 Accra Teknik Ab Method for manufacturing quenched thin-walled metal hollow casing by blow-moulding
EP0930109A2 (en) 1997-12-23 1999-07-21 GKN Sankey Limited A fluid forming process
EP1063029A1 (de) 1999-06-24 2000-12-27 Benteler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Innendruckformen eines hohlen metallischen Werkstücks
US6349583B1 (en) 1999-06-24 2002-02-26 Benteler Ag Method and device for forming a hollow metallic workpiece by inner pressure
US20040200550A1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2004-10-14 Pfaffmann George D. Method of forming a tubular blank into a structural component and die therefor
EP1306145A1 (de) 2001-10-27 2003-05-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches Innendruck-Umformverfahren
US20050186302A1 (en) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-25 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Warm hydro-forming device
US20060060601A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-23 Kubacki Edward F Dry hydraulic can shaping
US7392679B1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-07-01 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Hydroform tube sealing assembly
US20090229333A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Controlling Fluid Pressure in a Hydroforming Process
US7685856B1 (en) * 2008-11-11 2010-03-30 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Two mode hydroform seal apparatus and method
US20110023568A1 (en) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method of hot bulge forming, and product formed by hot bulge forming
CZ302917B6 (cs) 2011-02-18 2012-01-18 Západoceská Univerzita V Plzni Zpusob výroby dutých vysokopevných teles z vícefázových martenzitických ocelí
US8852367B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2014-10-07 Zapadoceska Univerzita V Plzni Method of production of high-strength hollow bodies from multiphase martensitic steels
US20130081741A1 (en) 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 Bohuslav Masek Method of achieving trip microstructure in steels by means of deformation heat
CZ303949B6 (cs) 2011-09-30 2013-07-10 Západoceská Univerzita V Plzni Zpusob dosazení TRIP struktury ocelí s vyuzitím deformacního tepla
KR20140002264A (ko) 2012-06-28 2014-01-08 현대제철 주식회사 고온 하이드로포밍을 이용한 부품 제조방법
US20160101456A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2016-04-14 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Method and device for producing a shaped component

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Gearing, David; Turning Up the Heat on Tube Hydroforming; http://www.interlaken.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TurningUpTheHeatOnTubeHydroforming1.pdf; TPA Publication; The Tube & Pipe Journal; Oct./Nov. 2013, pp. 34-37 (4 pages).
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11338353B2 (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-05-24 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for heat exchanger manufacturing
US11548055B2 (en) 2020-08-11 2023-01-10 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for heat exchanger manufacturing

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US20180078987A1 (en) 2018-03-22
CZ2016574A3 (cs) 2018-03-28

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