US1070738A - Roofing. - Google Patents

Description

C. RUSSELL.

ROOFING.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 27, 1913.,

1,070,738, l Patented Aug.19,1913.

` Ffa l ruim YAN, NEW Yom;

noornvef.

1,070,738, y speeiacation of Lemiers Patent. Patented Aug. 19, 1913:. paritaria-n nea nach 2v, 191e. semi no. 757,069. To all 'whm t may conm is a perspective view of onetof the shingles A spec'ication.

'sil-Aras caLvI RUSSELL, or reim PATENT orricn.

YA, New ronx, AssIGNon 'ro CARRIE H. RUSSELL, or

Be it known that I, CaLviN Rnssntt,

citizen of the United States, and resident o'f Penn Yan, county of Yates, and State .of NewV` York, have invented an Improvement in Roofing, of which thefollowing 1s a The object of ,my invention is to provide roof covering of felt paper shin les embodyingsuch shape and such corre ation in use, that not only is a very tight or waterproof roof provided, but the same 1s secured at a. low c'ost bothY as toraw shingle material and forerectio'n expenses.

My improved shingles are cut from sheets4 of felt paper preferably 'impregnated with a compound such as asphaltum and to the outer surface of which is applied vitreous material such as sand or crushed slate or granite to give to it a degree of-iire-proofedness andmore durability against inclement weather than the paper alone would provide; the said shingles being five-sided, in which the three lower edges form a rectangular body from the upper edges of which the remainingr two edges extend upward and toward each other to form an inverted V, the preferable length of ,this pointed upper end being approximately twice the length of the lower tor rectangular body.

My invention further consists of a roof covering Vof the shingles above described when overlapped -vertically and laterally, the seams being staggered in ad3acent rows and in, alinement with the V direction of greatest length in the pointed ends of the shingles of the next lower row, the said shingles in use being bent or set on curves both in the direction Aof their length and width so as to fit snugly upon each other and form close seams.

My invention also comprehends details Vof construction which, together with the features above specied, wlllbe better uiiderstood by referenceto the drawings, in

' which Figure l is a plan'view'lopliing down upon a roof covering embodying my 1m- 'proveinents, with Vthe shingles applied so as to show their construction and mode 'of'ap- 'plication; Fig, 2 is a vertical cross section and Fig. 5 is a plan view of a sheet of prepared felt paper-showing how my improved -shlngles 'may-be economically -cut so as to provide the greatest lnumber of shingles from the smallest sheet.'v

The. shape ofthe shingle is best shown in Fig. 4, i'n which) isthe body, having approzgimately one-third of the height with a straight transverse lower edge 1la and two side edgesv 11 at right angles tothe said bot'- tom edge, and having the remaining approxnnately two-thirds of the height formed two inclined edges 12 meeting atthe apex, said edges having their lower'ends respec- '11. l The material Aof which this shingle is formed is what is known as felt paper, and preferably of a Wool felt composition, impregnated with asphaltum or other hydrocarbon and covered on one of its surfaces with sand or crushed vitreous material, suchas slate, indicated by the dotted portion in Fig. 4. The sand or other vitre ous coating adheres to the felt lpaper by the presence of the asphaltum. The shingles of this shape are cut from a sheet of the prepared felt paper vmaterial in the manner indicated in Fig. 5, said sheets being of any desired length, the beginning and ending of such cutting providing half" shingles corresponding to the end shingles, 411, 6a, `18a,- of Fig. 1, the same being necessary for filling out the ends vof every alternate horizontal row at each end, though it is evident one or both ends 'of any row, will depend upon the relative width vof the' Shingles and length of the roof; and manifestly these shingles may be cut to lit any roof.

Shingles ofthe character above described, when used in place 'of rectangular shingles asa covering for aroof, and when laid in substantiallyl the manner indicated in Fig. 1, the projecting or exposed lportions 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 will have al1 the appearance of the ordinary .rectangular shingles, so that the general appearance of the roof in its the concealed portions is materially different, as is also the surface in respect to the fact that the pliability of the material penin a pointed shape indicated at 10 by the tively joining with the parallel side edges 90 that whether said half shinglesv come upon` finished condition will be precisely the same;. but the actual construction with respect to les,

kind or character such as employed :tor shin-v roofs. At the lower or eaves portion of. the root, there is a double layer of shingles 3 and Zl, placed one upon the other but with the joints 11 staggered. The ends of either or both ot these layers of shingles are finished with the halt shingles such as 4J?.

These shingles are nailed together and to the reeling boards by nails 13. rlhe juncture of the inclined edges 12 of adjacent shingles where they meet the narrow groove formed between the shingles by the edges l1, constitutes a definite line of points transversely along the length of the roof, and which act as a guide to the roofer in laying the neigt layer of shingles 5 upon the upper layermd of the lower shingles. This same operation is repeated with each layer of shingles (i, T, 8, 9, etc.1 It is, however, to be understood that in laying each successive row of shingles', the joints between the shingles are staggered with respect to the shingles in the next preceding row, so that the joints of all the rows are relatively staggered-with those y of adjacent rows.

Heretolore it has always been necessary in using rectangular shingles to draw a chalk line lengthwise o the roof at the proper number of inches from the lower edge of the last laid row of shingles to act as a guide line in laying the next row or line of shingles above. This has to be repeated with every row of shingles. This is not o-nly tedious but it is costly as taking up considerable time of the roofer which could be vmore profitably employed in applying the roofing shingles, and as it is done in the case of my improved shingles. In laying the successive rows oli shingles embodying my improvements, the lower straight edge of the shingle is positioned so as to just come below the juncture of the side edges l1 and 12 of the adjacent shingles, as will be clearly understood by reference to Fig, l, and in this way there is no difficulty whatever in applying the shingles with absolute rcgularity.

It will further be seen that the narrow channel `formed by the adjacent edges 11 of the shingles of any row comes exactly in vertical alinement with the point of' the shingle immediately below this channel, so that the greatest length of the portion 10 of said shingle is in direct line. with the alinement of the groove, so that if there is any tend' ency of water to blow upward through the groove, it will be guided in the direction of the greatest length of roofing shingle. Furthermore7 the parallelism of the edges 11,

nor/onen providing a long narrow channel between the adjacent shingles, w1ll insure any tenddency of upward blasts to be guided in :straight direct-ion towardthe point ot the shingle below and not laterally along the edges 1Q ot the upper shingles. lt will also be seen that the nails 13, being driven through the body of the shingles a little above and to each side of the channel formed by the edges 1l, firmly bind the edges 'l2 of the superimposed shingles tightly upon the ends 10 of the under shingles, sov that any water that might be driven upward upon this end 10 cannot work laterally between the shingles but must find its way down ward and out to the same channel. As these shingles are of pliable material which, under the pressure of the nails, as well as under their own weight when subjected to the heat of the sun, will. bend or change their shape, they set very closely upon each other and in between the successive points 10 of adjacent shingles in the same row, as is clearly indicated in Fig. 3, wherein it will be seen that the body of the shingle 7 bends down and rests upon the rooting boards in the space intermediate of the upper ends 10 ot' the shingles 6, 6; and likewise, the lateral-edges of the upper shingles S bend. downward to lit the depressed portions of the body ot' the shingle 7. This produces an interlocking of the parts which gives to the rooting structure as a whole, a very solid and rigid con struction. lldoreover, the curvature of these lateral edges of the shingles S, Fig. 3, is such that if the wind is blowing transversely over the roof, it will be guided above the vertical grooves formed bythe edges 11 of adjacent shingles, and in that manner prevent the full action of the wind in backing up Water into the said grooves. By reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the points 1() of each shingle are brought `down positively upon the rooting boards, and that the body of the next shingle above is held tightly to this point, as indicated at 15, and as the others of the upper shingles bend laterally over the point, asbefore explained,` it is seen that the points and body are very rigidly held against shifting and consequently the fewest number of nails possible are required to firmly secure these shingles to the root.y After the rooting has been in use for some time and the action of the suns heat, coupled with the weight of Vthe satu rat d felt paper and covering, have become effective, the shingles will set into a close compactmass in which the contacting surfaces will be more o-r less cemented by the asphaltum or other hydrocarbon compound which may be used to impregnato the shingle. `As beto-re stated, the rows of shingles would reduire the use of more or less ot' the half shingle portions, such as 1l, G, 8,

to nish ed the end edges of the roof. lt is manifest that if the roof' were only as long as to extend to the last half shingle shown in Fig. l at the right-hand end, then in that event, there would be a half shingle construction on each of the rows 5 and 7, as well as on the rows 4, 6 and 8, but this is a merev matter of architecture in proportioning the size of the roof.

By employing two rows of shingles superimposed for the lower edge of the roofing covering, great strength is here provided, and at the same time, the joints of the lower shingles are made water-tight, but it will be observed b reference to Fig. 2 that the greatest num er of shingles superimposed would -be three, namely at that place coming under the shingles of the row 6. .At all other places on the roof above this place, there are only two 'shingles superimposed above each other,-`except at the edges adjacent to the nails. lVhere Vrectangular shingles are employed, the shingles would be four-ply instead of three-ply adjacent to the third row of shingles (corresponding to shingle 6)',5 and at all other places, the roof would be three-ply without any benefits whatever.

A most important advantage of my improved rooling over the roof coverings employing rectangular shingles, is thataside from the greater strength and economy inl the construction of the shingles and from the facility withA which they maybe applied andV alined, my roofing is approximately forty per cent. lighter than the roofing formed with the rectangular shingles, and

this is most important in that it permits a' much lighter roofing foundation, which Yaside from cheapness does not overload the framing of the house.

Heretofore,vas before stated, shingles of the material of which my shingles are composed, have been made in rectangular form, and aside from thefl'ifiwtthat such shingles require thirty-severi and three-quarters per cent. more material to cover the same area of roof than is required bymy improved shingles, the cost for packing and freight is also reduced approximately one-third, so'that it may be reasonably. asserted that the use of my improvements secures a saving of at. least forty per cent. of the cost of covering the same roof with rectangular shingles and at ,the same time provide a betteiyeovering.

I have shown the shingle as to proportion of the form that I prefer in practice, namely, one in which the triangular or upper portion is approximately two-thirds of the length of the shingle and the lower or rectangular portion approximately onethird of the length of the shingle, but the width 'may be varied somewhat from what is shown, if so desired, and While I have preferred to have the lower edge of it is nevertheless evident that the lower edges of these shingles might be trimmed for ornamentation to give them a slightly irregular form, such as a downward curve, as indicated at I11b in Fig. 5,.such modification being for-ornamentation' and in no way affecting or varying the construction in its'general characteristics or itsfunction in operation. Therefore, in using-.the words f rectangular portion'ofthe body, I have 'not used it in exact sense, but as'indicating that portion. of the shingle embraced between the opposite parallel side edges lill' from the spirit of the invention, and vI there- 1 fore do not limit myself toany restriction Y in this respect, which may be employed by way of ornamentation.

Having now described my invention, wh at I claim as new and desire to secure `by Letters Patent, is

I l. As an improved article of manufacture, a rooting shingle consistlng of a hotly having approximately one-third ofv its length made of general. rectangular 'form in plan and the remaining approximately l two-thirds of its length made of triangular form in plan, said body composed of an integral felt sheetv material impregnated with hydrocarbon composition. y

2. As an improved article of manufacture, a rooting shingle consisting of a body having approximately one-third--of its Length,

made of general rectangular' form in plan and the remaining approximately two-thirds of its length made of triangular' form in plan, said body composed of an integral felt sheet material impregnated with'hydrocarbon composition, and having `one of its surfaces coated with a vitreous material 1in afinely subdivided condition.

3. In a roof, the combination of a. suit- I able foundation, with a plurality of horizontal rows of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous material impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and having approximately one-third of its length of general rectangular form with parallel side edges and the remaining approximately' twothirds of the length in triangular form,

said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with the vertical juncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows in staggered relation andin vertical alinement'with the ointed upper ends of the underlying Shing es, and the lower edges of the approximately rectangular portions being extended just over the upper edges lof the parallel side edges and so as to cover the space between adjacent triangular portions of the shingles in the rnext adjacent row belowfV 4. lna roof, the combination of a suitable ifoundation, with ya plurality of horizontal.

rows of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous materialV impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and having approximately one-third of its length of general rectangular `form with parallel side edges and the re maining approximately two-thirds of the length in triangular form, said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with the vertical juncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows in staggered relation and in vertical alinement with the pointed upper ends of the underlying shingles, and the lower edges of the approximately rectangular portions being extended just over the upper edges otl the parallel side edgesand so as to cover the space between adjacent triangular portions ol the shingles in the next adjacent row below, and nails extending through the two overlapping rows of shingles and between the upper ends ot the shingles of the second removed row below said nails passing through the lower side parts of the triangular portions of the shingles ot one row and the upper or point ends of the sliinglesotl the next row below.

5. In a roof, the combination of a suitable foundation, with a plurality of horizontal rows of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous. material impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and hav-ing approximately onethird of its length of general rectangular form with parallel side edges and the remaining approximately twothirds of the length in triangular orm,said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with the vertical juncture ,spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows in staggered relation and in vertical alinement with the pointed upper ends of the underlying shingles, and the lower edges of the approximately rectangular' portions being extendedjust over the upper edges of the parallel side edges andvso-as to cover the space between adjacent triangular portions of the shingles in the next adjacent row below, the triangular `body portions of thef shingles of one row curved downward and resting upon the foundation at points intermediate of the triangular parts of the shingles of the next row below so as to interylloclr, and nails-for nailing the shingles in pi'iis'to the foundation. i

foundation,

6. ln a roof, the combination of a suitable i with a plurality of horizontal rows 'of shingles each composed of pliable fibrous material impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and having approximately one-third of its length of general rectangular` form with parallel side edgesvand 4the remaining approximately two-thirds of the length in triangular form, said shingles arranged side by side in overlapping rows and with the vertical juncture spaces between the shingles of the adjacent rows in stag gered relation and in vertical alinement with the pointed upper ends of the underlying shingles, and thc lower edges of the approximately rectangular portions being extended just over the upper edges of the parallel side edges and so as to cover the space between adjacent triangular port-ions of the shingles in the next adjacent row below, the triangular body portions of the shingles of one row being curved downward and resting upon the foundation at points intermediate or the triangular parts or' the shingles of the next row below and the side parts of the general: rectangular body portions of the shingles of the next row above being curved downward upon said downwardly curved triangular' portions, so that the shingles ot the several rows interlock with shingles of the rows above and below, and nails for securing'the shingles to the foundation.

7. In a roof, the combination of a suitable foundation, with a covering consisting of a series of horizontal rows of shingles each formed of lfelt paper impregnated with hydrocarbon compound and coated with viterous material and having said shingles made substantially rectangular at the bottom portion and triangular or pointed at the upper portion, the height of the upper portion being greatly inexcess ot' the height of the lower portion said rows of shingles overlapping and the Vertical spaces between ad jacent shingles of one row being staggered with respect to the vertical spaces of the adj aeeut rows, the body portions of the overlapping shingles being curved downward so as to interlock laterally and vertically, and nails :t'cr securing the overlapping shingles to the foundation.

In testimony of which invention, I hereunto set my hand.

CALVIN RUSSELL. lVt-nesses t LUND E. DEXTER, HENRY RUSSELL.

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