US106322A - Improvement in the manufacture of resin-soap - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

DUDLEY B. CHAPMAN, or new LONDON, oonnnortour.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 106,322, dated August 16, 1870.

To all whom it may concern: 1 Be it known that I DUDLEY B. UHAPMANQ lately of the city and county of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, but now of the;-

city and county of New London, in the State: of Connecticut, have discovered and invented; a new and useful Improvement in the Mann-5 facture of Soap; and I do hereby declare that; the following specification is a full, clear, audi exact description thereof.

My invention consists in an improvement in}: the manufacture-0t soap, which resides in sa-g ponifying or saturating colophony or gum-resin with a crystallized carbonate of soda dis-j solved by heat in its water of crystallization, and afterward mechanicallyincorporating said saponified or saturated resin into and with a g soap made by any of the usual processes known to the trade while the soap is in a fluid or; pasty condition.

To-enable others skilled in the art to make? 7 use of my invention, I will proceed to describei the method of saponifying or saturating the;

resin, and of afterward incorporating it with;

soap. 1 In the first place I pnlverize the resin byl any convenient means as finely as possiblel The finer it is pulverized the better. Next I E dissolve the soda by heat in its water of crys-f tallization. (A small quantity of water may; be added to assist in dissolving the soda; but; it is not essential.) As soon as the soda isi dissolved, I next incorporate with it abouti five per cent. of its weight (more or less) of starch or analogous substances wet in its; weight of water of dissolved soda. Next I, add a small quantity of the pulverized resin; keeping a steady heat under the kettle, and; keeping the whole constantly stirred until thei resin melts. As fast as the resin melts I add? more, and continue the operation until I have; the required quantity, taking great care that the heat at no time is raised above 96 centigrade.

After the resin is melted and thoroughly combined with the soda the mass should be strained through a sieve while hot, to remove. any impurities that the soda or resin may have contained, after which it is'ready for use at any time it may be required.

If the manufacturer elects, he may omit the "in damp weather.

starch or analogous substance in preparing the saponified resin without impairing its detergent quality; but when the starch isomitted the soap produced by the use of my saponified resin sometimes has a sticky surface To prevent this the starch is used.

If the soap'with which I intend to incorporate the saturated or saponifi'ed resin is so manufactured that it would possess an ordinary degree of firmness when cooled and cut into bars without the addition of the saturated resin, I use one pound of soda to saturate one pound of resin.

lf the soap into which I intend to incorporate it is so manufactured as to have less than an ordinary degree of firmness when cooled and cut into bars without the additionof the saturated resin, I use relatively a large proportion of soda in saturating the resin, being careful not to use enough to produce efflorescence on the soap producedby the incorporation. Therefore I would not in any case advise to use more than one and onethird pound of soda in saturating onepound have become completely incorporated and the mixture presents a homogeneous appearance. Ithen frame it, and when properly cooled I cut it into bars for the market. The mean temperature at which the soap should be framed may usually be found somewhere between 60 centigrade and 80 centigrade. A soap containing alarge per cent. of resin'in its original composition, or before my saturated resin is added, should be framed at the lower temperature, and the temperature of framing should be increased as the percentage of resin in the original soap is diminished.

If the soap with which the saturated resin is incorporated is technically known as settled, pitched, or fitted soap, the addi tion of the saturated resin rendersit very stiff and pasty, and after the soap is cooled and cutinto bars it is much firmer than it would have been without the addition of the satuv or- -agen tinto the soap.

' .ofztallowl would not recommend to incorporate more than. one part of the saturated resin; A m ore highly resined .to. three parts of soap. soap should have less of the saturated resin incorporated with it, while a soap containing much less resin in its original composition may a have one part of the saturated resin incorporated with-two parts of the soap.

The advantages of my invention are; t :First, all soaps produced by the addition, of my saturated resin ormcompound, excel the lower-grades of curd or boiled-down soap, are

rendered harder or firmer by such addition. Second, it requires a larger quantity ofcarbonated alkali than of caustic alkali to saturate or saponify a given quantity ofue sin; hence saturating my resin with a,carbonvatedsoda-lintroduce a larger quantity-of alkali-which is the real detergent principle,

. -:Third, this alkali, being tii'st neutr alized.

with. carbonic acid, and, secondly, saturated.

with the resin, is rendered entirely innocuous, and will not injurethe most delicate fabric.

Fourth,-the alkali being first neutralizedfby carbonicacid,-.and, secondly, saturated with :resin-, -the soap containing it is more eas'ilydecomposed. :Therefore it will be found that soaps containing my compoundyield a more copious lather and possess better detergent properties than soaps which do not contain it.

..Fifth,'as before stated, because of. the pres- .ence of the carbonic acidina carbonate of soda, it requires .a much larger quantity of carbonate of soda than of caustic sodato sat-,

urateor saponify a givenamount of resin.

Thereforeevery pound of resin yields, by, my process,about two poundsof soap, whereas by the usual method of saturating with a caustic alkali it yields only about one and a halt"; pound of soap. I

Sixth assuming the average cost price of Q thebest grades of resin soap .to be fromseven. toieight cents per pound, the cost. of my compound, labor included, will not exceed three cents per ponnd. Thereforesoaps containing my compound can be manufactured from ten to fifteen per cent. cheaperv than by any-other method employed to produce soaps of equal quality.

I do not claim either of the substances employed in the preparation of my compound as an ingredient in the manufacture of soap.

I am aware that the saponification or saturation of resin with a carbonate of soda in the manufacture of soap is no novel invention;

but, as far as I am informed on the subject, this has been accomplished in the boiling or pan or kettle during the earlier processes of manufacture, and before what is technically known as the strengthening or final change of lye. During the boiling on this strengthening change it is customary to remedy any imperfect saponification that may have occurred in any of the previous changes by adding caustic lye until the soapexhibits the required test of strength by. its ca-nsticaction .on the tongue of the manipulator. Resin saponified with an excess of carbonated alkali has no caustic action on the tongue, while the slightest excess of caustic alkali is readily perceivedby the taste. A caustic alkali has also a much stronger affinity for resin, than carbonated alkali possesses. Thereforeit willexpel the latter from its combination with resin and usurp its place. I o s U Bythe mode hitherto adopted of saponifying resin witha carbonated soda or other alka li, and afterward, strenghtening it with a caustic alkali, the required test of strength was not exhibited until all the carbonated al- .kali-hadbeen expelled from the combination and wasted in the exhausted lyes,' therebymaterially increasing the cost of thesoap, For thisand other reasons the saponitication of resin with a carbonate of soda has been, as far as'my knowledge extends, universally abandoned. Therefore I do not claim thesaponificationor saturation of resin with a carbonate ot' sodaor soda-ash. v I

.By mymethod the soap is made and ,otherwise finished before addingthe resin which has been saponified with a carbonated soda.

Therefore there is no danger that the carbonated soda will be expelled fronra combination with the soap by coming in contact with a free caustic alkali. a

-What I. claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv I The improvement in the] manufacture of soap which consists in the employment of a saponified resin com pound prepared with crystallized-carbonate of soda, substantially asidescribed, and mechanically incorporating the same with the soap while in a fiuid or pasty condition, as herein specified.

DUDLEY B. CHAPMAN.

Witnesses GEORGE-T. Bizoxwirn,

BENJAMIN P. WATROUS.