US1060837A - Gas-producing oven. - Google Patents

Description

A. GOHMANN. GAS PRODUCING OVEN. ABPLIGATION FILED NOV. 15, 1910.

Patented May 6, 1913 A. GOHMANN.

GAS PRODUCING OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15. 1910 Patented May 6, 1913 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. GOHMANN. GAS PRODUCING OVEN. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15, 1910.

Patented May 6, 1913 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

IrWen/ar Affornqy UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

an'rnun eonmamr, or s'rnrrm, GERMANY, .ASSIGNOR r s'rnrrmna cnlmorrn FL'BRIK AQlTIEN-GESELLSCHAFT VORM. DIDIER, OF STETTIN, GERMNY, 0011- rona'rroiv. or GERMANY.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application tiled November 15, 1910. Serial No. 592,475.

4 GASJ?ROIDUCING OVEN.

Patented May 6, 1913.

{ i .duction of coke and of illuminating gas.

According to my present invention, I provide the heating walls or partitions inter- 1 posed between adjacent coking chambers,

' with gas channels which .are arranged to discharge 'into the heating flues contained withinjsaid artition's, atdiiferent distances from the end of the oven at which air is ad- ZQ' mittedinto said fines. With this arrangement of gas channels, a portion of the gas supplied for heating enters the heating flues in'the vicinity of the air inlet and is burned,

- in the presence ofan excess of air. The

combustionproducts give ofl part of their heat during their passage through the heat- 7. ing flues, andthus become cooler. In order to compensate for this loss of temperature,

the resulting mixture of air-and combustion products receives additional amounts of gas at certain intervals, to be burned with the remaining excess of air. In this manrun I insure a uniform heating of the oven chambers and thereby an economical operation of theoven. This arrangement of gas channels may be used in longitudinal or in upright cokeovens having heating channels ran ing len thwise of the oven structure, said ovens ei ng used to convert coke ainto gas, or to extract gas therefrom.

A typical embodiment of my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section oi the oven the left-hand; portion on the line A-B, and the right-hand portionon the line CD of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section, the portion from the left-hand end to the line aB being taken on the line .E-F of Fig. 1, the portion between the lines d B, and -D being taken on the line G-H, the portion between the lines cD and=b-'f-b on the line J-K, and the portion to the ri ht of the line b-b, on the line of ig. 1; Fig. 3 is a composite hori- 'zontal section of the oven in four portions,

the uppermost portion of Fi 3 being a section taken on line NO 0 Fig. 1, the

second on line P+Q, the third on line R-S, I

and the lowermost on line TU of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line V-W scale, one of the gas-distributer chests; and Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of one of the gas-distributer chests, drawn upon an en-.

larged scale, and taken on line X-Y of Fig. 1.

In the particular exampleof my inven-, 'tion illustrated herein, the oven is a longitudinal coke oven heated at both ends of the coking chambers. These coking jchambers 1 extend from one end of the. oven to the other" and are separated from one an other by heatingpartitions 2 which contain, at each half of the oven, parallel longitudinal heating flues 3, arrangedin pairs side by side and in two-vertical sets separated by central partitions 4; At the central portion of the-oven dividing walls '5' "re. provided between the sets of beating lilfiS of the two oven halves (Fig. 3). The heating flues 3 of thetwo vertical sets are connected at the-outer ends, for each half of the oven, with an upright airdistribut- ,ing' channel 6, and at their inner ends, ad-

upright channel 7 for carrying away the waste gases. At those ends of the heating flues where air enters I arrange regulating valves 8 consisting of upright stone slabs mounted to turn about vertical axes. These valves are adjusted from the ends of the even through channels 9 capable of being closed by plugs or otherwise, said channels also serving'as sights through which the combustion process in each heating flue 3 may be observed. At those ends of the heating sisting of upright stone slabs pivoted about vertical axes. The regulating valves 10 may be adjusted from the top of" the oven .which may be closed at their upper ends.

.The air distributing channels 6 and the euperators 11 (Fig. 2) located underneath the oven chambers l and parallel'thereto. The several recuperators of .each oven half are separated from-one-another by walls 12 jacent-to the dividing walls 5, with an outlet channels 7 are connected with re-' of Fig. 3, showing, upon an enlarged flues where the combustion gases escape, I arrange regulating valves 10 llkcwlse co-nthrough the vertical outlet channels 7 which also serve to support the. heating walls 2, while the recuperators of one oven half are separated from those of the other half by cross walls 14 (Fig. 1). Each recuperator'is subdivided by vertical partitions 13 (Fig. 2) ranging lengthwise of the oven, into five chambers or compartments. located side by side, of which the outer and the air and the combustion gases are compolled to change their direction repeatedly.

The air channels 18 .of each Iecuperator 11 are connected at their upper ends by means of angular channels 20 (Fig. 2) with the up-' right air-distributing channels 6 of the two verticaLsets of heating fines 3 adjacentto the chamber 1 situated above this particular recuperator. The discharge channels 19 of each recuperator ll communicate at their upper end 'by channels 22 with a base channel 21 to which are connected by means of short branch channels 17 (Fig. 2) the upright oulletchannels- 7 of the two vertical sets of heating fines 3 adjoining the oven chamber 1 situated above this particular recnperator. At their lower ends, the air channels 18 of each recuperator 11 are connected by means of a channel 24, provided with a regulating valve or damper (Fig. 1), to a tunnel 25 located under the ground line of the oven and arranged in front of the rccupcrators 11 of the respective oven half, these tunnels being of a size sufficient to allow an attendant to walk therein. The outlet channels 19 of each recnperator are connected at their lower ends by means of a transverse channel 26, with a flue 27 containing a regulating valve 28. The fines 27 of the respective oven halves are connected with a smoke flue 29 leading to the stack.

The following arrangement is provided for admitting gas to the heating fines 3: In the partitions 4 between the pairs of juxtaposed heating channels 3 of each oven half, gas channels 30, 31, 32 are disposed in pairs side by side, in two vertical sets, said channels being horizontal and parallel with the heating fines All the gas channels 30, 31, 32 of one oven half have their gas inlet ends at the front or exposed ends of the corresponding heating walls 2, while their gas outlet ends 33, 34, 35 (Figs. 1 and 3) lead transversely into the adjacent heating fines 3. The outlets 33, 34, 35 of the individual are located at different distapces from the air inlets of the corresponding heating fines 3, which air inlets are at the ends of the lines 3 immediately adjacent to the air inlets of these fines. The outlets 33 of the gas channels 30 are disposed obliquely and flare horizontally toward the heating fines 3. The middle gas channels 31 terminate at a greater distance from the end'of the oven and from the air inlets of the corresponding heating flues than the gas channels 30. The outlets 34 -oi. these gas channels 31 are widened downwardly (Fig. 1) to the level of the bottom of the corresponding channels 30, said outlets 34 thus forming slots of a height greater than that of the outlets 33 of the gas channels 30. Finally the upper gas channels 32 discharge into the heating fines 3 at a still greater distance from the end of the oven and from theair inlets of said fines than the gas channels 31. The outlets 35 of the gas channels 3:? are also extended downwardly to the level of the bottom of the corresponding channels 30 and thus form vertical slots of a height. still greater than that of the outlets 34, of the gas channels 31.

The introduction of gas into the gas channels 30, 31, 32 of the several heatmg walls accomplished at each half of the oven by means ofnpright distributing chests 36 (Figs. 1 and 2), preferably, made of cast iron, which are located at the ends of the walls Qin a protected position between the anchoring osts 37 of the bench. of ovens. These distributing chests are of rectangular cross section and are divided by vertical partitions 38 (Fig. 3'1) in-to chambers 39, 40 each communicating through openings with the gas channels 30, 31. 32 of one of the two vertical sets of g s channels which correspond to the respec i've half of the oven. The effective cross section may be regulated at the openings 41 by means of valves 42 (Figs. 4 and 5) which are secured to spindles 43 and located adjacent to said openings, said valves being adjustable manuall v. The spindles 43 extend lengthwise of the gas channels 30. 31, 32 and are mounted to move in pli'igs 14- screw'ed into openings 46 in the front wall 45 of each distributing chest 36. After unscrewing the plugs 44, thevalizes 42 may be removed from the gas distributing chests 36 as to render the gas channels 30, 31. 3:2 accessible for cleaning through the OPPIll ldgs 46. 41. At their upper. ends the gas-distributing chests 36 communicate with pipes 47 (Fig. 1) branched oil from gas mains? arranged adjacent to each end of the ove structure, the connection of said mains with the branch pipes 47 being controlled by valves 49.

superposed pairs of gas channels 30, 31, 32 The operation of the above described pvn 13g is as follows: The aria.- supporting combustion enters at each half of the oven from the tunnel 25 (Fig. 1) below the base of vthe-v oven into theinlets 24 ot the recuperators 11. The amount of air thus admitted may lated 'by the valves or dampers 23.

so that they. are cooled etliciently. From the inlet channels'24 the air intended to support combustion passes to the superposed channels 18 of the several recuperators,.-, a'aveling'through them in the direction" of the arrows and becoming heated during such passage. JTheair then enters the upright air-distributing .channels 6 at'the ends of .the structure, by way of the angular channels (Fig. 2). From these channels 6 the i. so.

air flows into the several'heating fines 3 in amounts governed by the position of the adjustable dampers or valves 8 (Fig. 3). The main ,body of gas required for each' heating fine 3 enters into it through 'the. lowermost channel 30 of the superposed channels belonging to such flue, that is to say, through the channel discharging gas into the heating flue next to its air inlet. The gas issuing from the outlet 33 is burned in the heating flue 3 in the presence of an excess of air. Thecombustion products, in passing throu h the heating flue 3 toward the center of t e oven, give off part of their heat to the coking chambers 1 and thus become cooler. .If only these gradually cooling combustion products were used for heating the coking chambers, the latter would be heated unevenly. that is to say progressively less toward the center of the oven, sothat the conversion of coal into coke would be completed at different times for dilierent portions of the oven, thereby pre venting a truly economic operation. To compensate for the heat lost by the combustion products, I supply additional amounts of gas to each heating flue 3 at ditlcrent distances from the end of theoven and from the air inlet. by means of the gas channels 31, 32 located above the channel 30, and these additional amounts of gas combine with the excess of air still contained in the tines. By this arrangement I secure a maximum of uniformity in the heating of the oven chambers throughout the entire length of the heating flues 3.

As will be seen in Fig. 1, the height of the outlets 33, 34, of the gas channels 30,-31, 32 increases toward the center of the oven. that is, toward the outlet of each heating flue 3. This promotes the mixture of'the unconsumed gas with the gradually dimin ishing excess of airadmixed to the combus-l '31 tion products traveling r ish thehwfihg tlues, and the smaller th (excess of air, the better is this mixture promoted.

A uniform distribution of the gas to be consumed, between the two vertical sets of : gas channels 30, 31, 32 of each half of a heating wall, is made possible by the provision of the vertical partition 38 (Fig. 5)

in each of the gas-distributing chests 36.

The amount of gas passing from each'gasdistributing chest 36 to the several gas channels 30, 31, 32 may be regulated accurately by means of the valves 42 located at the ends of the oven structure.

As willbe understood from the foregoin description, the combustion gases trave always in thesame direction through the heating flues 3 frem each end of the oven structure toward the center thereof. By virtue of the arrangement of the gas channel outlets 33 34, 35 at different distances from the air inlets of the gaschannels 30, 31, 32, the valves 42 will permit the heatin of the oven to be regulated readily accor ing to requirements, not only as regards the heightof the coking chambers 1, but also as regards their length. An economical operation is thus attainable.

The combustion products u on leaving the heating fines 3 travel past t e valves 10 (Fig. 3)- by means of which I may regulate the draft exertedby the stack in the-heating flues 3. From the latter the combustion gases pass to the upright channels 7 located at thecenter of the oven structure and from tion gases. through these base channels 21 is simply to maintain the temperature at-the bottom of the oven, but not to produce a coking action from below. From' the base channels 21 the combustion gases tlow into the recuperator channels 19. In passing .thence into the horizontal base ,bha'riuels' 2]. (Fig. 1) located beneath the oven chambers 1. The purposeof conducting the combusthrough these recuperator channels, the

combustion gases give off heat to thefresh air traveling in the opposite direction through the adjacent recuperator channels 18. Finally the \combustion gases travel from the recuperator channels 19 through the lines 27 and from thence to the stark through the smoke fiues 29. i

The gas channels 30. 31, 32 may be cleaned by means 'of suitable tools introduced through the openings 46, 41, after unscrewing the guide plugs 44 (Fig. 4) and removing the valves 42 which serve to regulate the admission of gas to said channels.- Any deposits, impurities or other foreign matter contained in these channels will bepushed by the tools toward the center of theoven structure, and will fall into the respective heating flues through the outlet openings 33, 34, 35 (Fig.1) of the gaschannels 30, 2.

The improved oven is of simple construction, readily operated and embodies a thorough utilization of heat. Various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

l. An oven provided with chambers and partitions separating them, said partitions containing superposed longitudinal heating llues p'rovided with air inlets, each individual heating flue being also provided with a plurality of fuel inlets arranged at different distances from the respective air inlets and from the ends of the oven, the outlets of the products of combustion being further away'from the air inlets than the last fuelinlets .so that the combustion gases produced-at t e first fuel inlets are compolled to travel past all the.other fuel inlets of the same heating flue before reaching the outlets, and upright collecting channels into which the combustion gasesv'pass directly from each of the several superposed heating fines. v

2. Ani'oven provided with chambers and partitions separating them, each of said partitions containing two vertical series of heating flues provided with fair inlets and two vertical series of adjoining gas supply chan nels in the Phil between said heatingfiues,

the outlets rom said. gas. channels to the heating flues being located at different distnnces from the airinlets of sa'd flues. v.

3.- An oven provided with-c embers and partitions separating them, each of said partitions containing two vertical series of heat-. ing flues and-provided with air inlets andtwo vertical series of adjoining gas supply channels in the wall bet ween. said heat-mg flues, the outlets fro said gas channels to esteem the air inlets of said flues,

height increasing toward the outlets of the heatingrflues so asto secure an in easinglybetter mixture of the gas supplied, with the excess of air admixed to the combustion products flowing through the heating fines, as the amount of the.excess diminishes.

4. An oven provided with chambers and partitions separating them, said partitions containing heating lines and channels for supplying gas thereto, gas-distributing chests atthc ends of said channels and of the oven, and gas-regulating valves removable from said chests lengthwise of the gas channels, so that the gas channels are acccssible from the end of the oven after removal of the regulating valves.

I 5. An oven provided with chambers and l partitions separating them, each of said partitions containing two 'sets'ofheating times and two sets of gas supply channels leading thereto, an a gas-distributing chest subdivided by a partition into two-"compartments each connected with one of the said I sets of gas supply channels.

6. An oven provided with a chamber and a heating wall adjacent thereto containing a heating fluc provided with an air inlet and with an outlet for combustion products -,-and a plurality'of channels for supplying gas to said flue at diifercnt'distances from 'the air inlet, theoutlets of said channels increasing in height from channel to channel, toward the outlet of the flue. i

7. An oven provided with a chamber and witha heating wall adjacent thereto conv taining a heating flue provided with an air inlet and with an outlet for combustion products and a plurality'of channels for.

supplying gas to said flue between said inlet and said outlet at different distances from the end of-theoven, and individual devices for, separately regulating the flow of gas through the several channels. a 8.,An oven provided with chambers and partitions separating them, each partition containing longitudinal heating flues having inlets for the admission of air-and outlets ,for the combustion products,a plurality of channels for supplying gas toeach ofsaid fines between its-air inlet and its combustion gas outlet at different distances from the ends bf the oven, and individual devices for, separately regulating the flow of gas through the several channels, whereby the i.ov,en may be heated uniformly throughout 7,5 '9. 'Anoven provided with chambers and partitions separating them, ,each'partition coptainin heating fines and longitudinal gas suppy channels communicating with said fines and leading toward the middle of the oven, a gas-distributing chest at the outer end of said channels, valves controlling the connection of the respective channels with the said chest, and plugs-carrying said valves and removable from said chest lengthwise of the gas channels.

In testimony whereof, -I have hereunto set my ban in the presence of two subscrib-, ing witnfi'ses.

ARTHUR GOHMANN, \Yfitnesses: i

" G. Luisooisr,

EmL S oinnnr.

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