US1060125A - Fluid-operated engine. - Google Patents

Description

1 E. REO TOR. FLUID OPERATED ENGINE. I APPLICATION TILED NOV.Z, 1908. RENEWED AUG. 1, 1912.

1,060,125, I Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1f E. REOTOR.

FLUID OPERATED ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV 2, 190a. RENEWED AUG. 1, 1912.

Patentd Apr. 29, 1913.

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E. REOTOR.

FLU-ID OPERATED ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 2, 190B. RENEWED AUG. 1, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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E. RBGTUR.

FLUID OPERATED ENGINE. APPLIGATION FILED Nov, 1908. RENEWED AUG. 1, 1912.

1,060,125. Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

6 SHEETSSHEET 4.

cOLUMBIA PLANOURAPl-l 60., wAsHlNu'roN, D4 c,

Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E. HECTOR.

FLUID OPERATED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV 2, 190a. RENEWED AUG. 1, 1912.

COLUMBIA PIANOGRAPH c0.,wAsH|NGTDN, D, c.

E. REOTOR.

FLUID OPERATED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV 2, 1908 RENEWED AUG. 1' 1912. 1 ,0 0, 1 25, Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

6 BHEETS-SHEET 6.

TTNTTE ENOGH REOTOR, OIEYNEW YORK,

OF NEW YORK.

nip.

N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO HECTOR ENGINECORPORATION,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION FLUID-OPERATED ENGINE.

Application filed November 2, 19GB, Serial No. 460,790. Renewed August 1, 1912. Serial No. 712,778.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ENOOH Rno'ron, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Operated Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to an engine wherein the motor or driving member is actuated by a liquid under pressure of steam or other fluid, and particularly to an engine wherein the liquid employed may be heated to a high degree of temperature and is forced against the driving member with a substantially uniform velocity.

The invention also consists in the new and novel features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 represents an exterior view in side elevation of my improved mechanism. Fig. 2 represents an end. elevation, the housing being broken away to show the valve operating motor. Fig. 3 represents an interior side view, the frame and reservoirs being in section. Fig. 4 represents an interior end view, the frame and main valve being in section. Figs. 5 and 6 represent the fluid valve and the lever for operating same respectively. Fig. 7 represents a detail view partly in section showing the reversing valve for controlling the liquid supply to the motor. Fig. 8 represents a sectional view of the liquid supply pipe. Fig. 9 is a diagram matic view illustrating certain features of the construction and the operation of my improved engine.

Referring to the drawings which represent one form of apparatus embodying my invention, the driving member, motor or wheel 1 is preferably an impulse or impulse and reaction wheel, such, for example, as the Pelton water wheel, and is mounted upon an arbor 2 rotatable in suitable bearings 3 provided in the frame 4. A pinion 5 is keyed upon the arbor at one end and meshes with a gear 6 upon a driving shaft 7 which is likewise mounted in bearings 8 provided in the frame. The driving motor or wheel is contained in a pit or wheel house formed by the housing 9, which communicates through valve controlled passages or openings 10 with two or more reservoirs or blow tanks 11 adapted to contain the liquid employed for driving the motor. Each of the main valves 12 controlling a passage or opening from the wheel pit or housing to the reservoirs is provided with a hollow stem 13 movable in bearings 14 formed integral with the valve seat 15 and said stem in turn forms a bearing'for the stem 16 of an auxiliary valve 17 which engages with a valve seat 18 provided in the face 19 of the main valve. The upper or free end of the auxil iary valve stem ext-ends above the main valve stem as at 20 and is provided with a cap or collar 21 operatively engaged by a finger 22 secured to or formed integral with a block 23 pivoted to the frame and preferably made in two parts pivoted to each other as at 24 and yieldingly held together by a spring 25 to permit suitable adjustments beng made and to prevent breakage through improper adjustments. A spring 26 between the stem of the main valve and the stem of the auxiliary valve normally tends to hold the auxiliary Valve in its open position. V v

Both the main valve and the auxiliary valve are actuated from a cam shaft 27 having a cam 28 thereon which engages a roller 29 mounted upon an arm 30 pivoted as at 24 to the block 23. This cam shaft 27 is mounted in bearings 31 provided in the frame or housing and is actuated by a train of gears 32 from an arbor 33. A valve controlling and governing motor 34, preferably a small wheel of the Pelton type, is mounted on said arbor and is driven by fluid conveyed from the reservoirs through pipes 35. A governor 36 is secured to the end of the arbor which may be of any well known construction, but preferably said governor com prises a disk 37 movable upon the arbor and secured to springs 38 having weights 39 attached thereto. Said disk is adapted to en gage with a brake 40 provided at one end of a bell crank lever 41 pivoted to the frame and adjustable by means of a thumb screw 42, so that the-speed of the motor 34 may be readily controlled.

Steam or other elastic fluid under pres- Patentcd Apr. 29, 1913..

sure is admitted to the reservoirs through supply pipes 43 provided with valves 44 therein. These valves may be ordinary puppet or slide valves or of any well known construction and are actuated by cams 45 upon the cam shaft 27 which engage with levers 46 that are operatively connected with said valves. The outlets 47 of the steam supply pipes are arranged centrally near the top of the reservoirs and are directed upward so that the incoming steam will be ejected against the tops of the reservoirs or the faces of the main and auxiliary valves. The outlet also forms a stop to the downward movement of the auxiliary valve which seats over the outlet while liquid is being delivered to the reservoir and prevents the liquid from entering the fluid pipe.

Preferably two similar wheels ormotors are mounted upon the arbor 2, the wheel 1 being for the forward drive and the wheel. 1 being for the reverse drive. The liquid in the reservoirs is conducted to the wheels or motors by pipes 4-8 and 48 for the forward and reverse drives respectively, which are provided with nozzles 4.9 arranged adjacent to the periphery of the wheels or motors. Both the pipes 48 for the forward drive and the pipes l8 for the reverse drive communicate with the interior of the reservoirs through common pipes 50 provided With valves 51 so constructed that the flow is diverted gradually and without shock or jar from either set of pipes to the other and so that the two streams will counterbalance each other when the valves are in their halfway positions. The inlet 52 of each pipe 50 is arranged near the bottom of the res ervoir and if desired both the outlet of the steam supply pipe and the intake of the liquid supply pipe may be formed in the same casting. The valves 51 which control the direction of the flow of the liquid may be operated in any suitable manner as by a lever 53 connected to a handle 54 placed at any convenient location.

In order that liquid may be forced against the driving wheel at a substantially uniform velocity one or more auxiliary inlets or nozzles 55 are arranged in each supply pipe to supply fluid under pressure from the reservoir to the column of liquid in the supply pipe. Said nozzles communicate wit-h the interior of the corresponding reservoir by any suitable means as, for example, by a pipe 56 secured to or formed integral with a pipe or head 57 within the reservoir. The bottom of said pipe or head is closed and is at or approximately at the level of the inlet opening of the main supply pipe, and the lower portion thereof, preferably that portion normally below the level of the liquid supplied to the reservoir, is provided with a plurality of small openings 58 or with a characteristics.

single extremely small opening arranged to be successively or gradually uncovered as the liquid in the reservoir is forced out un der pressure of the fluid admitted therein. The auxiliary nozzles or inlets are preferably arranged at or near the nozzles on the main supply pipe and supplied from a common passage 59, but said inlets or nozzles may be arranged at anyot-her point in the supply pipe if desired. Although these auxiliary nozzles are shown in the drawings as applied only to the supply pipes for the forward driving Wheel or motor, it is obvious that they may be added to the supply pipes of the reverse driving wheel or motor and to the pipes supplying the valve cont-rolling motor.

In order to drive the motors a liquid is employed which is insoluble in steam under lngh pressure and which retams a high degree of heat without injury. Preferably I employ a liquid parafiin such as petrolatum or a similar liquid possessing the above Heretofore water and cer- :tain oils have been used or attempted for driving motors, but water will not attain athe desired degree of heat and the oils are readily emulsified. Various metals have :also been used, but these are obviously ungdesirable because of the length of time re @quired to melt same and because they clog ,the bearings and the working parts of the Emachine. 4 The operation of the engine is as follows: The desired quantity of liquid is supplied to the reservoirs and the valve controlling mo- ;tor 34: is then started in any desired manfner, for example, by steam admitted through an independent steam inlet 60, as shown in Fig. 3. This causes the cam shaft 27 to rotate and as the cams are arranged so that the valves 44 will admit the steam or other fluid to said reservoirs alternately {and immediately after each has been filled, fa column of liquid will be forced out of the ireservoir first supplied with fluid and against the driving motor through the pipes 48 and the nozzle 49. As the column of liquid passes out of the reservoir under pressure of the steam or other fluid the opening or openings 58 which supply the auxiliary nozzles or inlets 55 are gradually exposed and the steam or other fluid passes through them into the main supply pipe and subdivides the solid column of liquid contained therein into small masses or par ticles and, therefore, by its expansion, greatly accelerates the flow of the particles through the main nozzle. As the liquid is gradually forced out of the reservoir and the pressure becomes less and less the quantity of fluid. supplied to the auxiliary nozzles 56 is correspondingly increased so that the velocity of flow through the main nozzle is voir until the pressure falls below a predetermined amount, for example, ten pounds, when the auxiliary valve opens under the influence of the spring 26, thus opening the reservoir to the atmosphere and permitting the steam remaining in said reservoir to escape. The pressure being thus entirely relieved the main valve falls by gravity to its lowermost position shown in dotted lines, Fig. 3, thus fully opening the reservoir to the atmosphere and allowing the liquid contained in the wheel house or pit to flow into the reservoir. This operation takes place successively with respect to each reservoir, and since the nozzles 49 of the supply pipes are arranged to play upon the motor atdifl'erent angles and since the operation of the valves may be timed as desired, a continuous stream of liquid can be forced against the motor. To reverse, the lever 54, which controls the valves 51, is actuated and the stream of liquid is gradually diverted from one motor to the other. Consequently the engine is available for use under all conditions requiring an engine which will operate with the same eficiency both in the forward and reverse directions. Since both forward and reverse motors are on the same shaft the engine may be stopped by leaving the valves in their half way position as the two streams will balance each other. As soon as the pressure is admitted to the reservoirs liquid is also forced against the valve controlling motor which operates the same and the additional or starting steam jet may be cut off.

By this construction and particularly by the arrangement which permits the column of liquid to be broken up into small particles by fluid admitted from the reservoirs, thereby utilizing steam energy which could not be practically and economically used in forcing a solid column of liquid through the main nozzle, the eflective ratio of expansion is very high, and the cost of operation is correspondingly reduced.

The parts may be cast of metal, requiring practically no machine work, careful fitting or accurate adjustment, and may be easily and readily assembled. The use of packing and stufling boxes is also dispensed with and the engine may be operated without lubricants since the liquid employed for operating the engine serves this function. The engine is under accurate and immediate control at all speeds and may be reversed, even when running at the highest speed, without any shock or jar whatsoever, since the streams of liquid oppose and counterbalance each other until the reverse movement is accomplished.

Although I have shown a Pelton wheel employed as a motor, it is obvious that other forms of motors or liquid or hydraulic engine may be employed.

It is obvious also that water or other liquid may be used instead of petrolatum, but I prefer the latter because of its many superior advantages under the conditions of use.

Various other changes within the skill of the mechanic may be made in the construction of the mechanism herein shown and described without departing from the spirit of the invention, provided the means recited in the following claims be employed.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a fluid operated engine using the fluid expansively, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, means for subjecting the body of liquid to the pressure of the fluid and supplementary means for forcing particles of said liquid against the motor at a substantially uniform velocity.

2. In a fluid ope-rated engine using the fluid expansively, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, means for subjecting said liquid to pressure and for dividing said liquid into particles while under pressure.

3. In a fluid operated engine using the fluid expansively, the combination of a motor, a liquid under pressure of a fluid for driving said motor, and means for forcing fluid into a portion of said liquid while under pressure.

4. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid under pressure of a fluid for driving said motor, and means for introducing a portion of the fluid into a portion of the liquid while under the pressure of the remaining portion of said fluid.

5. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a body of liquid under pressure of a fluid, a column of liquid communicating with said body of liquid for operating said motor, and means for introducing fluid under equal pressure into said column of liquid.

6. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid under pressure of a fluid for driving said motor, means for forcing a portion of said fluid into the liquid, and means to prevent expansion of said portion of fluid until the liquid is released from pressure.

7. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, a fluid for exerting pressure on the body of liquid and for dividing said liquid into particles while under pressure, and auxiliary means for driving the particles against the motor at a substantially uniform velocity.

8. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, means for forcing said liquid against the motor and separate means for dividing said liquid into particles and driving said particles against the motor.

9. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, means for forcing said liquid against the motor under normally decreasing pressure, and auxiliary means for forcing said liquid against the motor at a substantially uniform velocity.

10. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a liquid for driving said motor, means for forcing said liquid against the motor under normally decreasing pressure, and auxiliary means for forcing the liquid against the motor under correspondingly increasing pressure.

11. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a motor, of means for forcing a column of liquid into contact with said motor under decreasing pressure, and means for forcing a gradually increasing quantity of fluid under pressure into said column of liquid.

12. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a reservoir containing liquid for driving said motor, a fluid pressure supply connected with said reservoir for forcing a column of said liquid against the motor under normally decreasing pressure, and auxiliary means for supplying a gradually increasing quantity of fluid from said reservoir to said column of liquid.

13. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor, a reservoir to Contain a liquid for driving said motor, a liquid supply pipe from the reservoir to the motor, means for admitting fluid under pressure into the reservoir, and means for admitting fluid under pressure from said reser voir into said supply pipe.

1 1. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor Wheel, a reservoir containing a liquid for driving said wheel, a liquid supply pipe from the reservoir to the wheel, means to admit fluid under pressure into the reservoir, and an auxiliary pipe betewen said reservoir and the supply pipe to convey a gradually increasing quantity of said fluid under pressure from the reservoir into said supply pipe.

15. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a motor wheel, a reservoir containing a liquid for driving said Wheel, a pipe provided with a nozzle for supplying liquid from the reservoir to the wheel, a

bination of a motor, a reservoir, means for supplying petrolatum and heated vapor under pressure to said reservoir, and means for forcing said petrolatum against the motor under pressure of the heated vapor.

17. In a fluid operated engine, the com bination of a motor, a reservoir, means for supplying petrolatum and steam under pressure to said reservoir, means for forcing a column of petrolatum against the motor under pressure of the steam, and separate means for supplying steam to said column of petrolatum.

18. I11 a fluid operated engine, the combination With a reservoir, of means for supplying liquid to said reservoir and means controlling said supply comprising a main valve, and an auxiliary valve formed in the main valve.

19. In a fluid opera-ted engine, the combination with a reservoir, of means for. supplying liquid to said reservoir, means for supplying fluid under pressure to sald reservoir, and means comprising a main valve and an auxiliary valve to admit liquid to said reservoir and to exhaust the fluid therefrom respectively.

20. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a plurality of reservoirs, means for supplying liquid to said reservoirs,

valves for controlling the supply of liquid to the said reservoirs, and an auxiliary motor for operating said valves.

21. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a plurality of reservoirs, means for supplying liquid to said reservoirs, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said reservoirs in succession, and means for controlling the supply of fluid and liquid to said reservoirs comprising valves and an auxiliary motor to operate said valves.

22. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a reservoir, a liquid inlet to said reservoir, a valve controlling said inlet, and a fluid outlet in the reservoir arranged to be closed by said valve While liquid is being admitted to the reservoir.

23. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a Wheel house and a reservoir having a passage between them, of a valve in said passage provided with a hollow stem, and an auxiliary valve seating in the face of the main valve and having its stem movable in the stem of the main valve.

24. In a fluid operated engine, the combi:

nation of a wheel house, a motor mountedtherein, a reservoir containing a liquid to operate said motor, and a passage between said wheel house and reservoir, of a valve in said passage having a hollow stem, an auxiliary valve seating in the face of the main valve and having its stem movable in the stem of the main valve, and means for opening said auxiliary valve against pressure in the reservoir.

25. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a wheel house, a reservoir and a passage between said wheel house and reservoir, of a valve in said passage provided with a hollow stem adapted to open by gravity when pressure in the reservoir is released, and means for closing said valve with a yielding pressure.

26. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a wheel house, a reservoir, a passage between said house and reservoir, a valve in said passage provided with a hollow stem, an auxiliary valve seating in the face of the main valve and having a stem movable within the stem of the main valve, means for opening said auxiliary valve against pressure inthe reservoir, means for closing the auxiliary valve, and means on the auxiliary valve engaging the main valve to close the same.

27. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a wheel house, a reservoir, a passage between said wheel house and reservoir, and a bushing in said passage forming a valve seat and having a bearing for a valve stem formed integral therewith, of a valve engaging said seat and provided with a hollow stem movable in said bearing, an auxiliary valve seating in the face of the main valve and provided with a stem movable in the stem of the main valve and extending beyond the same, means for positively opening the auxiliary valve to relieve pressure in the reservoir and permit the main valve to open by gravity, means yieldingly engaging the stem of the auxiliary valve to close the same, and means on the auxiliary valve to close said main valve.

28. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a wheel house, a reservoir, an opening between the wheel house and the reservoir, a valve in said opening comprising a main valve and an auxiliary valve, means for opening said auxiliary valve against pressure in the interior of the reservoir, and a steam outlet in the reservoir arranged to form a stop for said valve in its open position.

29. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a reservoir connected with a source of liquid and of elastic fluid supply, a cam shaft, a separate motor for rotating said cam shaft, and means operatively connected with said cam shaft controlling the supply of fluid and liquid to the reservoir.

80. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a reservoir to contain liquid for operating a motor, means for supplying liquid and fluid under pressure to said reservoir, a cam shaft, a separate motor wheel normally actuated by a liquid from said reservoir for rotating said cam shaft, independent means for actuating said motor wheel, and means operatively connected with the cam shaft controlling the supply of liquid and fluid to said reservoir.

31. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a main driving wheel, a reservoir to contain. liquid for operating said wheel, and means for supplying liquid and fluid under pressure to said reservoir, of a cam shaft, a separate motor wheel for rotating said cam shaft, a governor for said motor wheel, and means operatively connected with said cam shaft controlling the supply of liquid and fluid to said reservoir.

32. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a motor wheel, ofa plurality of reservoirs containing liquid for operating said motor wheel, means for supplying fluid under pressure and drawing or exhausting it from each of said reservoirs in succession, an auxiliary motor wheel driven by liquid forced from said reservoirs and connections,

whereby said auxiliary motor controls the distribution to and from said reservoir.

33. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a plurality of reservoirs to contain liquid for operating a plurality of motor wheels, a fluid pressure supply, means connecting and disconnecting said supply to and from said reservoirs in succession and means permitting escape of the fluid from the reservoir while the liquid is under compression.

34. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a plurality of reservoirs to con tain liquid for operating a plurality of motor wheels, means for supplying liquid and fluid under pressure to said reservoirs in succession, means permitting escape of the fluid from the reservoir while the liquid is under compression, and means for returning the liquid to said reservoirs.

35. In a fluid operated engine, the combi nation with a plurality of motor wheels, of

a plurality of reservoirs to contain fluid for operating said motor wheels, a fluid pressure supply communicating with said reservoirs, means for connecting and disconnect-ing said pressure supply to and from said reservoirs in succession, means for drawing a portion of the fluid from said reservoir while the liquid is under compres sion and means for periodically opening each of said reservoirs to the atmosphere.

36. In a fluid operated engine, the combination with a plurality of motor wheels, of a plurality of reservoirs to contain liquid for operating said motor wheels, means for said reservoirs and exhausting same therefrom alternately, means for drawing a portion of the fluid from the reservoir while the liquid is under compression, means for returning liquid from the motor wheels to said reservoirs in succession, means for opening said reservoirs singly and periodically to the atmosphere, and separate means controlling the distribution of liquid and fluid to and from said reservoirs.

38. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a driving wheel and a main reverse wheel, means for forcing a column of liquid against said wheels, and means, for gradually decreasing the quantity of liquid against one wheel and correspondingly increasing the quantity of liquid against the other wheel.

39. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a driving wheel and a reverse wheel, a reservoir adapted to contain liquid for driving said motor and provided with a liquid outlet, means for forcing the liquid through said outlet, a nozzle arranged on one side of the forward wheel and a nozzle on the opposite side of the reverse wheel and both connected with said liquid outlet pipe, and means in said pipe for gradually diverting the liquid from one of said nozzles to the other nozzle.

40. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a driving wheel and a reverse wheel, a reservoir adapted to contain liquid for operating said engine and provided with a liquidoutlet, a plurality of nozzles communicating with said outlet pipe and arranged part on one side of the forward wheel and part on the opposlte s1de of the reverse wheel, means for forcing l1qu1d through said nozzles, and means whereby liquid may be supplied to all of said nozzles simultaneously, or the quantity supplied to each motor may be regulated as desired.

41. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a housing, a plurality of reservoirs opening into said housing, valves having stems projecting into said housing and a 1'0- tating cam coacting with said stems to open said valves.

42. In a fluid ope-rated engine, the combination of a housing, a plurality of reservoirs opening into said housing and adapted to contain liquid and an elastic fluid, valves controlling the supply of liquid and fluid to said reservoirs provided with stems projecting in said housing, and rotating cams coacting with said stems to open said valves.

43. In a fluid ope-rated engine, the combination of a housing, reversely acting motor wheels mount-ed in said housing, a plurality of reservoirs connected with said housing and adapted to contain liquid and an elastic fluid, a set of pipes leading from each reservoir to each of said motors, valves for controlling the supply through said sets of pipes, and means for actuating said valves simultaneously.

44:. In a fluid operated engine, the combination of a housing, reversely acting motor wheels in said housing, a plurality of reservoirs communicating with said housing and adapted to contain liquid and an elastic fluid, valves for controlling the supply of liquid and fluid in said reservoirs provided with stems projecting into the housing, a

rotatable cam shaft mounted in the housing and providedwith cams engaging said valve stems to actuate said valves, and a separate motor wheel in said housing to rotate said cam shaft.

This specification signed and witnessed this 21st day of October, A. D., 1908.

ENOGH HECTOR.

Si ned in the resence of MARGARET IV. Bns'r, AMBROSE L. OSHEA.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner 01' Patents. Washington, D. C.

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