US1058676A - Turbo-compressor-governing mechanism. - Google Patents

Turbo-compressor-governing mechanism. Download PDF

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US1058676A
US1058676A US61904911A US1911619049A US1058676A US 1058676 A US1058676 A US 1058676A US 61904911 A US61904911 A US 61904911A US 1911619049 A US1911619049 A US 1911619049A US 1058676 A US1058676 A US 1058676A
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pressure
piston
valve
steam
low pressure
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US61904911A
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Jean Alexandre Rey
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F01D17/26—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical fluid, e.g. hydraulic

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  • This invention has for'its object an arrangement for governing turbo-compressors supplied with steam from two sources 2'.
  • a turbo-compressor in which a turbine is adapted to work with steam at high as well as at low pressure.
  • the turbine may be such that the (high pressure steam does work until it is reduced to the pressure in the condenser without passing through the special wheels reserved for low pressure steam or may be such that the high pressure steam expands first to the pressure of the low pres sure steam, then is employed in the same wheels as the low pressure steam until it is reduced to the pressure in the condenser.
  • This arrangement comprises the combination of the following elements: (a) a Valve or like member regulating the admission of low pressure steam; (b) a valve or like member regulating the admission of high pressure steam; (a) mechanism, subjected either to the pressure of the air compressed by the compressor, or to a rise or fall in pressure which depends upon the delivery of the compressor; this mechanism being adapted under the action of the pres sures or reduction in pressureto which it is subjected,vto operate the valves referred to above in such a manner as to open first the low pressureadmission valve then the high pressure admission valve and to close them in the reverse order, the low pressure admission valve having its useful, travel after the high pressure admission valve is closed; (d)mechanism subjected to the action of a speed governor and adapted, when the engine goes beyond the normal speed, to act upon the valves to close themonly; (6) a second valve or the like in the low pressure pipe; (f) mechanism subjected to the action of the low pressure steam and adapted to close the second low pressure valve when
  • the turbine driving the compressor (not shown) is in the drawing divided into two separate parts one of which A is adapted to work with low pressure steam from thepipe a; B is the other part adapted to work with high pressure steam from the pipe t; both A and B exhaust through the port 0 leading to the condenser.
  • d is a valve in the pipe a and e a valve in the pipe 6.
  • the valve 0! is connected, by a lever f, to a rod 9 sliding within a piston h,
  • the valve 0 is connected by a lever in to a sleeve on which can slide freely upon the rod g; the sleeve m is acted upon by a spring Z which has the piston h for abutment and which tends to force the sleeve against a shoulder a on the rod 9'.
  • o 0 are counterweights acting upon the rod 9 to balance the pressure acting upon the air piston h.
  • the end of the rod 9 passes freely through a piston 79 moving in a cylinder g; but this piston can act upon the rod 9 when it moves up through the shoulder r; s is a spring which tends to move the piston downward.
  • the cylinder communicates through a pipe 25 with a valve 10 distributing oil under pressure, the movements of which valve allow a pipe 2. to be placed in communication sometimes with a pipe '0 containing oil under pressure, sometimes with an exhaust pipe as.
  • the slide valve to is actuated by a governor e whose speed is proportional to that of the turbine.
  • a second valve within the pipe a connected'to a piston Q'Which a spring 3 tends constantly to raise.
  • the lower portion of the piston 2 is in'communication through the pipe 4 with the lower face 5 of a differential distributing piston 6 moving within a cylinder 7 comprising two parts of different diameters.
  • This cylinder communicates both through a pipe 8 with the atmosphere and through a pipe 9 and passage 10 with a known typeof steam accumulator delivering low pressure steam and lastly through a and the levers is and f closes the valves 6 and at; until the pressure of the air again becomes normal, the piston it remains stationary and maintains the valves in a position corresponding to the supply of air required of the compressor.
  • the turbine may work at high pressure only, or at low pressure only or both simultaneously.
  • the valves are arranged in such a manner that the low pressure valve d has an effective movement. only when the high pressure valve 6 is closed c. the low pressure valve 05 has a. total travel equal to its efiective travel plus the travel necessary to close the high pressure valve.
  • the rod 9 slides in the sleeve m and the regu- I lation acts upon the low pressure valve d during its useful travel.
  • the low pressure valve Z is full open and regulation is effected by the high pressure valve 6.
  • An oil dashpot consisting of an annular piston 113 and cylinder 17 prevents oscillations.
  • the turbine attains a given number of revolutions (for example six per cent. more than norlnal speed) the centrifugal governor a raises the piston w which allows oil under pressure to pass beneath the piston 7) thus raising the rod g and closing the valves.
  • the governor a lowers the distributing piston to and the oil under pressure beneath the piston 29 passes to the oil reservoir through the passage g/ and the pipe 00.
  • the piston 77 which governs the speed limit is independent of the regulation by air and the spring keeps it at its lowest position.
  • the valve 1 should open when the pres sure in. the steam accumulator rises to 1.1 kg. for example and close when the pressure falls to 0.8 kg. for example. hen the pressure is 1.1 kg.
  • the ditl'erential piston 6 of the distributor falls and uncovers the port. leading to the pipe 11 which places the lower face of the piston 52 in communipressure in the accumulator acting upon the upper face 15 of the large piston, falls to 0.8 kg.
  • the piston 6 of the distributor will then close the port leading to the pipe 11 which communicates with the condenser and opens the port leading to the passage 10 which will. place the piston 2 in communication with the accumulator through the pipe 4 passages 12 and 10 and the pipe 5).
  • the piston 2 having a like pressure on its two faces, the valve 1 closes by the action of the spring 3'.
  • the lower face 5 of the small piston ot the distributor now raised, is placed in communication with the accumulator,and the distributor will fall when the pressure in the accumulator acting upon the upper face 15 of the large piston has risen to 1.1 kg.
  • the arrangement described and shown effects the regulation of a turbo-compressor so as to insure a constant pressure of air. If it be desired that the regulation shall take place so as to insure a constant delivery of air, the piston it must be acted on through the pipe 7' not by the pressure oi the compressed air but by a pressure (or a fall in pressure) dependent on the delivery of air by the compressor.
  • F or this purpose there is used for example known apparatus which causes an increase or decrease in pressure depending on the delivery.
  • valves for controlling the admission of high and low pressure steam in combination with fluid pressure mechanism for regulating said valves and arranged to open first the low-pressure *alve and then the high pressure valve, a governor and mechanism operated by the same to close said valves, a second low-pressure valve, and inechanisn'i arranged to close said -valve when the pressure of the steam tallsfibelow a stated limit.
  • the means controlling the high and low pressure steam valves comprising a pressure actuated piston and means for actuating the same, a rod which can move with respect to the piston whose movement operates the said valves, a second piston adapted to move said rod in one direction only, and means operated by a governor for supplying fluid to said second piston.
  • the means for controlling the supply of low pressure steam comprising a valve operated by a piston one' face of which is in constant communication with the low pressure steam and the other face, sometimes with the low pressure steam and sometimes with the condenser, a cylinder communicating with the steam suppiy and a differential piston adapted to operate by the rise or fall in pressure of said steam,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Description

J. A. REY. TURBO-COMPRESSOR GOVERNING MECHANISM. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 5, 1911.
1,058,676, Patented Apr. 8, 1913.
tiaAccumuZal-or JEAN annxaunnn any, or rears, cannon.
TURBO COMPItESSOR-GOVERNING MECHANISM.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Apr. .8, 1913.
Application filed'Apr-ilfi, 1911, Serial No. 619,049.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JEAN ALEXANDRE REY, of 26 Avenue de Sufi'ren, Paris,
France, engineer, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Turbo-Compressor- Governing Mechanism, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.
' This invention has for'its object an arrangement for governing turbo-compressors supplied with steam from two sources 2'. e. a turbo-compressor in which a turbine is adapted to work with steam at high as well as at low pressure. The turbine may be such that the (high pressure steam does work until it is reduced to the pressure in the condenser without passing through the special wheels reserved for low pressure steam or may be such that the high pressure steam expands first to the pressure of the low pres sure steam, then is employed in the same wheels as the low pressure steam until it is reduced to the pressure in the condenser.
This arrangement comprises the combination of the following elements: (a) a Valve or like member regulating the admission of low pressure steam; (b) a valve or like member regulating the admission of high pressure steam; (a) mechanism, subjected either to the pressure of the air compressed by the compressor, or to a rise or fall in pressure which depends upon the delivery of the compressor; this mechanism being adapted under the action of the pres sures or reduction in pressureto which it is subjected,vto operate the valves referred to above in such a manner as to open first the low pressureadmission valve then the high pressure admission valve and to close them in the reverse order, the low pressure admission valve having its useful, travel after the high pressure admission valve is closed; (d)mechanism subjected to the action of a speed governor and adapted, when the engine goes beyond the normal speed, to act upon the valves to close themonly; (6) a second valve or the like in the low pressure pipe; (f) mechanism subjected to the action of the low pressure steam and adapted to close the second low pressure valve when r the pressure of said steam falls below a given point and to open it "when the pressure of said steam rises beyond a given point. The said eleii'ri'entsage combined in such a manner as to insure the constancy,
either of the pressure, or of the delivery of the air compressed by the compressor (and to prevent the turbine racing) whatever may be'the variations in pressure of the low pressure steam. y
The accompanying illustrative drawing shows diagrammatically one method of carrving out the invention.
I The turbine driving the compressor (not shown) is in the drawing divided into two separate parts one of which A is adapted to work with low pressure steam from thepipe a; B is the other part adapted to work with high pressure steam from the pipe t; both A and B exhaust through the port 0 leading to the condenser.
d is a valve in the pipe a and e a valve in the pipe 6. The valve 0! is connected, by a lever f, to a rod 9 sliding within a piston h,
which moves in a cylinder 2'. The cylinder 5 communicates through the pipe j with the compressor delivery pipe. The valve 0 is connected by a lever in to a sleeve on which can slide freely upon the rod g; the sleeve m is acted upon by a spring Z which has the piston h for abutment and which tends to force the sleeve against a shoulder a on the rod 9'.
o 0 are counterweights acting upon the rod 9 to balance the pressure acting upon the air piston h.
The end of the rod 9 passes freely through a piston 79 moving in a cylinder g; but this piston can act upon the rod 9 when it moves up through the shoulder r; s is a spring which tends to move the piston downward.
The cylinder communicates through a pipe 25 with a valve 10 distributing oil under pressure, the movements of which valve allow a pipe 2. to be placed in communication sometimes with a pipe '0 containing oil under pressure, sometimes with an exhaust pipe as. The slide valve to is actuated by a governor e whose speed is proportional to that of the turbine.
1 is a second valve within the pipe a, connected'to a piston Q'Which a spring 3 tends constantly to raise. The lower portion of the piston 2 is in'communication through the pipe 4 with the lower face 5 of a differential distributing piston 6 moving within a cylinder 7 comprising two parts of different diameters. This cylinder communicates both through a pipe 8 with the atmosphere and through a pipe 9 and passage 10 with a known typeof steam accumulator delivering low pressure steam and lastly through a and the levers is and f closes the valves 6 and at; until the pressure of the air again becomes normal, the piston it remains stationary and maintains the valves in a position corresponding to the supply of air required of the compressor.
The turbine may work at high pressure only, or at low pressure only or both simultaneously. For thispurpose, the valvesare arranged in such a manner that the low pressure valve d has an effective movement. only when the high pressure valve 6 is closed c. the low pressure valve 05 has a. total travel equal to its efiective travel plus the travel necessary to close the high pressure valve.
When working at high pressure only, the regulation acts upon the high pressure valve 6, the low pressure valve cl does nothing. When working at low pressure only, the "alve e is maintained closed by the spring I,
the rod 9 slides in the sleeve m and the regu- I lation acts upon the low pressure valve d during its useful travel. For simultaneous working the low pressure valve (Z is full open and regulation is effected by the high pressure valve 6.
An oil dashpot consisting of an annular piston 113 and cylinder 17 prevents oscillations.
- W' hen the turbine attains a given number of revolutions (for example six per cent. more than norlnal speed) the centrifugal governor a raises the piston w which allows oil under pressure to pass beneath the piston 7) thus raising the rod g and closing the valves. When the turbine again runs at a normal speed, the governor a lowers the distributing piston to and the oil under pressure beneath the piston 29 passes to the oil reservoir through the passage g/ and the pipe 00. The piston 77 which governs the speed limit is independent of the regulation by air and the spring keeps it at its lowest position.
The valve 1 should open when the pres sure in. the steam accumulator rises to 1.1 kg. for example and close when the pressure falls to 0.8 kg. for example. hen the pressure is 1.1 kg. the ditl'erential piston 6 of the distributor falls and uncovers the port. leading to the pipe 11 which places the lower face of the piston 52 in communipressure in the accumulator acting upon the upper face 15 of the large piston, falls to 0.8 kg. The piston 6 of the distributor will then close the port leading to the pipe 11 which communicates with the condenser and opens the port leading to the passage 10 which will. place the piston 2 in communication with the accumulator through the pipe 4 passages 12 and 10 and the pipe 5). The piston 2 having a like pressure on its two faces, the valve 1 closes by the action of the spring 3'. The lower face 5 of the small piston ot the distributor now raised, is placed in communication with the accumulator,and the distributor will fall when the pressure in the accumulator acting upon the upper face 15 of the large piston has risen to 1.1 kg.
The arrangement described and shown effects the regulation of a turbo-compressor so as to insure a constant pressure of air. If it be desired that the regulation shall take place so as to insure a constant delivery of air, the piston it must be acted on through the pipe 7' not by the pressure oi the compressed air but by a pressure (or a fall in pressure) dependent on the delivery of air by the compressor. F or this purpose there is used for example known apparatus which causes an increase or decrease in pressure depending on the delivery.
Claims.
1. In a turbo-compressor, valves for controlling the admission of high and low pressure steam, in combination with fluid pressure mechanism for regulating said valves and arranged to open first the low-pressure *alve and then the high pressure valve, a governor and mechanism operated by the same to close said valves, a second low-pressure valve, and inechanisn'i arranged to close said -valve when the pressure of the steam tallsfibelow a stated limit.
2. In a turbo-compressor working with both high pressure and low pressure steam the combination with means regulating the inlet of high pressure and low pressure steam, of fluid pressuremechanism for regulating said means and adapted to be operated bv the compressed air and arranged to open first the low pressure valve and then the high pressure valve, a governor and mechanism operated thereby to close the said valves, :1 second low pressure valve and mechanism arranged to close said valve when the steam pressure falls below a given limit.
3. ln av turbocompressor working with both high and low pressure steam, the means controlling the high and low pressure steam valves comprising a pressure actuated piston and means for actuating the same, a rod which can move with respect to the piston whose movement operates the said valves, a second piston adapted to move said rod in one direction only, and means operated by a governor for supplying fluid to said second piston. p
4. In a turbo-compressor working with high and low pressure steam the means for controlling the supply of low pressure steam comprising a valve operated by a piston one' face of which is in constant communication with the low pressure steam and the other face, sometimes with the low pressure steam and sometimes with the condenser, a cylinder communicating with the steam suppiy and a differential piston adapted to operate by the rise or fall in pressure of said steam,
arranged within the cylinder, means for allowing atmospheric pressure to act on said difi'erential piston, aln steam ducts communicating wit-h the steam supply and the condenser on the one hand, and with the said other face of the valve operating piston on the other,'said ducts being adapted to be alternately opened by the differential piston.
In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
JEAN ALEX-ANDRE REY.
Witnesses:
DEAN B. MASON .C. DE MEsTRAL.
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