US1056533A - Working submarine cables. - Google Patents

Working submarine cables. Download PDF

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Publication number
US1056533A
US1056533A US68457212A US1912684572A US1056533A US 1056533 A US1056533 A US 1056533A US 68457212 A US68457212 A US 68457212A US 1912684572 A US1912684572 A US 1912684572A US 1056533 A US1056533 A US 1056533A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
polarity
cable
key
line
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US68457212A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Gott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COMMERCIAL CABLE Co
Original Assignee
COMMERCIAL CABLE Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COMMERCIAL CABLE Co filed Critical COMMERCIAL CABLE Co
Priority to US68457212A priority Critical patent/US1056533A/en
Priority to AT81577D priority patent/AT81577B/de
Priority to GB191210534D priority patent/GB191210534A/en
Priority to FR443615A priority patent/FR443615A/fr
Priority to AU5211/12A priority patent/AU521112B/en
Priority to NL609A priority patent/NL537C/xx
Priority to US712509A priority patent/US1114982A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1056533A publication Critical patent/US1056533A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1407—Artificial lines or their setting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/26—Improving frequency characteristic by the use of loading coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/40—Artificial lines; Networks simulating a line of certain length

Definitions

  • Figurel is'a diagrammatic view showing the invention applied to a duplex cable system, and in which the discharge from the cable to earth reverses the polarity of the curre'nt'to the main line;
  • Fig.2 a similar view in which the reversals are secured by induced currents in the secondary winding of a transformer
  • Fig. 3 a detail view of a simple relaying means
  • Fig.-'4 a detail diagrammatic view of the receiving apparatus.
  • This invention relates to a system intended to apply the international Morse code to thetransmission of messages over long submarine cables, in place of the code now used whereby uniformity of working withland lines and otherconnections is established.
  • the inyention primarily involves a method of" transmission of the 'Morse code which enables it tofl'be applied in themost economical manner'as regards time; It is well known thatreversed currents sent rapidly through long submarine cable are thermostefiective in definition as received at the distant'end of the cable-each following current having the effect of neutralizing the preceding one. In'this inventionevery unit of each letter is formed by a reversed current so that in no case during transmission doesa current of the same polarity follow.
  • the message is prepared on a perforated slip and the lVheatstone transmitter takes theplace of the key, the reversing polarized relay being connected in circuit as for hand. keying with the ordinary and well-known Wheatstone transmitter. The two upper contacts of the vibrating contact arm are used to take the place of the key. So also where the system is ap plied for translationfrom a land line or short connecting cable, the usual receiving relay is connected to the reversing polarized relay in the manner described for the hand key and the received Morse signals are translated into the cable in the formof my reversed current alphabet or alternating current alphabet.
  • the relay referred to may work a sounder relay in a local aircuit which, being connected in place of the single Morse key translates the signals from the short connecting lines or cables into v the main cable. of the charge. and changes in accordance Having'described the method of transmis- I sion it remains to point out how the Morse code' which is sent through the cable in the form of reversals for each unit of a letter, is retransformed into the common Morse code.
  • the contact arm when at rest occupies a neutral position (known as no mans land) between two contact plates which are connected to the local battery intended to actuate local instruments for repeating the signals either into another cable or to record the received signals
  • no mans land a neutral position between two contact plates which are connected to the local battery intended to actuate local instruments for repeating the signals either into another cable or to record the received signals
  • the movable contact-making tongue will record signals made on either side, and these signals will appear on the local apparatus as if made continuously on one contact.
  • two reversals will appear as four dots, (the letter h in Morse) and we shall have all the reversed signals received through the cable transformed into the well known Morse characters.
  • the invention consists mainly of a new disposition of parts to permit of the use of a code of signals consisting of reversed or alternating currents for the successive units of a letter.
  • a designates a cable; Z) the artificial cables used for duplex working; 0, cthe sending condensers; c
  • the front contact 7 is connected to the tongue or vibrating arm h" of a polarized relay h by wire j; and the back contact is connected to the coils of the relay h by wire 2'.
  • WVhen the key is depressed the battery is connected to the cable, and when the key is open and in engagement with the back contact the cable discharges through the relay coils and to earth at it.
  • To the two stops it h of the relay h are connected the opposite poles of a split battery Z Z, the center part of said battery being grounded at M.
  • the tongue or vibrating arm it of the polarized relay is adapted, as is'usual, to make contact with either of the stops h h.
  • each signal unit impulse will be opposite in polarity to the preceding signal unit impulse and no two succeeding signal unit impulses will be of the same polarity.
  • the resistance of the coils of the polarized relay may be negligible and still afford ample opportunity for the discharge to be effective for good signaling.
  • the back contact g of .the sending key d is connected to earth and the discharge from the cable and condensers is directed to earth through said contact when the key is open.
  • the reversal of the polarized relay k is brought about by the split battery making earth at E through the primary coil P of a transformer, the secondary coil S being connected to the relay coils.
  • the opposite poles of the two portions of the split battery are connected to the contacts it it of the polarized relay in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1, and the front contact of the key is electrically connected to the movable tongue or vibrating arm h of the polarized relay.
  • Fig. 3 simply illustrates how the tongue T of a relay connected to a land line or short cable takes the place of the key either in rocking contact bar of a Wheatstone transmitter is connected in place of the key to 1 nating series
  • Fig. 4 represents the apparatus used at the receiving or terminal end of the cable.
  • the two metal. plates 1) and o are separated by an insulator "y.
  • the contact making tongue V is actuated by an attachment to the signal coil of a recorder which coil is in circuit with the cable. Arriving signals move this tongue from zero to c or '11 according to the polarity of the arriving current.
  • the two metal plates are connected togetherby the wires at W and are ,in circuit with the local battery 0.", etc.
  • the instrument at Z may be a Morse recording instrument, a sounder or relay or other instrument. It will be clearly seen that rapid reversals will be indicated by the sounder, for example, as dots or dashes, as if made on one contact only, as in ordinary Morse working.
  • the transmitting key is manipulated as in transmitting ordinary Morse characters, that is to say, to transmit a dash impulse or signal the key is held down o-r closed longer than when transmitting a dot impulse or signal. It is, therefore, manifest that I throw upon the line or cable impulses of successively opposite polarity and i of varying time relationship and distinguish such impulses'as signals or units of signals by their time relationship and irrespective of-their polarity; and that .I provide a receiving apparatus constructed to respond to impulses on the line irrespective of their, polarity.
  • Themethod of electric signaling consisting in transmitting impulses of current of opposite polarity in a constantly altereach impulse constituting a single unit of the signal and discharging the line between each impulse, whereby no two following signal units will be transmitted bv impulses of current of the same polarity.
  • the system of transmitting electric signals comprising a means for transmitting electric impulses over a line, means fordischarging the line after the transmission of each signal impulse and means controlled by the transmitting means -to reverse the polarity of the line current at each operation of the transmitting means, whereby each succeeding impulse will be of opposite polarity and each signal unit will be formed by a current impulse of opposite polarity.
  • a system of electric signaling comprising means for transmitting single signal unit impulses of current, means for discharging the line after the transmission of each signal impulse and means controlled by said-transmitting means for reversing the polarity of each alternate signal unit impulse.
  • a system of electric signaling comprising means for transmitting single signal unit impulses of current, and means automatically controlled by said transmitting means for reversing the polarity of ,each alternate signal unit impulse.
  • a system of electric signaling comprising a line, a sending key, and means controlled by said key to automatically change the polarity of the line current after each operation of the key.
  • a system of electric signaling comprising a line, a sending key, and means controlled by the opening of said key to automatically change the polarity for the next succeeding operation of the key.
  • a system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending-key, a polarized relay, and means whereby the discharges from the cable will operate the polarized relay to change the polarity of the current tothe line.
  • a system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending key, a polarized relay, and means whereby the discharge from the cable when the sending key is opened will operate the polarized relay to change the polarity of the current to the line.
  • Asystem of electric signaling comprising means for transmitting single signal impulses of current, means controlled bysaid transmitting means for reversing the polarity of each alternate-signalwimpulsef.
  • the method of electric signaling consisting in transmitting impulses of current of opposite polarity in a constantly alternating series, each impulse constituting a signal unit, whereby no two following signal units will be transmitted by impulses of current of the same polarity, means for discharging the line after the transmission of each signal impulse and receiving said signal impulses of opposite polarity and reproducing them in a local circuit as current impulses of like polarity.
  • a system of electric signaling comprising means for transmitting over a line single signal impulses of current, means for discharging the line after the transmission of each signal impulse, means controlled by said transmitting means for reversing the polarity of each altemate signal impulse and means at the receiving 'or terminal end of the line for receiving said signal impulses of opposite polarity and reproducing them in a local circuit.
  • a system of cable Working comprising a cable, a sending apparatus for transmitting signal impulses, a polarized relay, means for discharging the cable after the transmission of each signal impulse through the said relay to change the polarity of the cur rent to the line for the next succeeding signal impulse.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US68457212A 1912-03-18 1912-03-18 Working submarine cables. Expired - Lifetime US1056533A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68457212A US1056533A (en) 1912-03-18 1912-03-18 Working submarine cables.
AT81577D AT81577B (de) 1912-03-18 1912-05-01 Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Übermittlung von ZeicVorrichtung zur elektrischen Übermittlung von Zeichen über Linien großer Kapazität, insbesondere übehen über Linien großer Kapazität, insbesondere über Unterseekabeln. r Unterseekabeln.
GB191210534D GB191210534A (en) 1912-03-18 1912-05-03 Improvements in Working Submarine Cables.
FR443615A FR443615A (fr) 1912-03-18 1912-05-09 Mode de transmission de signaux électriques par cables sous-marins
AU5211/12A AU521112B (en) 1912-03-18 1912-06-05 Improvements inthe working of submarine cables
NL609A NL537C (nl) 1912-03-18 1912-06-28 Wijze van overbrenging van telegrafische seinen over kabels
US712509A US1114982A (en) 1912-03-18 1912-07-31 Working submarine cables.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68457212A US1056533A (en) 1912-03-18 1912-03-18 Working submarine cables.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1056533A true US1056533A (en) 1913-03-18

Family

ID=3124787

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US68457212A Expired - Lifetime US1056533A (en) 1912-03-18 1912-03-18 Working submarine cables.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1056533A (de)
AT (1) AT81577B (de)
AU (1) AU521112B (de)
FR (1) FR443615A (de)
GB (1) GB191210534A (de)
NL (1) NL537C (de)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL537C (nl) 1915-02-15
GB191210534A (en) 1913-02-27
AU521112B (en) 1913-04-01
AT81577B (de) 1920-10-25
FR443615A (fr) 1912-09-28

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