US1055958A - Hydraulic nozzle. - Google Patents

Description

W. M. WHITE.

HYDRAULIC NozzLE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 2'7, 1912.

1,055,958. Patented Mar. 11,1913.

lNVEN-l-CIIR- EYE-..11 4

Z/MQATTDRNE'Y I UNITED STATES WILLIAM M. WHITE, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

HYDRAULIC NOZZLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led May 27, 1912. Serial No. 700,541.

T 0 afl wlw/1t 'it may concern.

Be it known that I, lViLLiAM M. VHITE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Nozzles, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of hydraulic nozzles such as are universally used to direct jets of Water against the buckets of impulse water wheels.

The object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic nozzle which is simple in construction, efficient in operation, and in which the means for changing the direction and size of the jet are confined within a station- -ary nozzle casing.

In deflect-ing hydraulic nozzles as heretofore constructed, several objectionable features have been found to exist. One of these is that the enormous hydro-staticpressure on the large area of the pipe measured at the spherical oint where the packing i`s inserted, although diminished somewhat by the reactive thrust induced by the jet asit leaves the nozzle acts, directly7 against the nozzle pivots, causing these pivots to wear very rapidly. Another objectionable feature of the deflecting nozzles as heretofore constructed is that due to the adaptability of the nozzle to swing through an arc, the opening into the casing for the nozzle` must be large enough to'permit swinging, and as it is left open to atmosphere at that point, permits water to splash back into the pi .e pit. With the present invention these o jectionable features are obviated.

A clear conception of several embodiments of the invention can be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and formin a part of this specification, in which like re erence characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a hydraulic installation, showing an impact water wheel and deflect-ing nozzle for delivering a jet of water thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the nozzle and its actuating mechanism. Fig. 3 is an enlarged, transverse, -vertical section through the nozzle and a portion `of its supply pipe. Fig. 4 is an enlarged, transverse, horizontal sec-tion through the nozzle and a portion of its supply pipe. Fig. 5 is an enlarged, transverse, vertical section through a modified form of Patented Mar. 11, 1913.',V

the nozzle and a portion of the supply pipe.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of an enlarged fragment of the nozzle disclosed in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive.

The stationary nozzle casing, see Fig. 1, consists substantially of an inlet portion l0 and a discharge portion 2. The main supply pipe 1 connects with the inlet portion 10 of the nozzle casing, while a suitable opening 45 formed through the discharge ,portion 2 of the casing, opens directly into the turbine inclosing casing 60. The impulse turbine 4 has a series of buckets 5 which are, during' normal operation, located in line With the discharge opening 45 of the nozzle casing portion 2. The deflector plateA 6 is adapted to direct downwardly any water from the jet after leaving the buckets 5 of the wheel 4. The pit through which the main supply pipe 1 passes, is separated from the interior of the casing by means of a partition 26 which closely surrounds the nozzle portion 10 forming a hermetically sealed connection with the casing 60, and absolutely prevent-s any splash Water from entering the pipe line pit.

The end of the stationary nozzle portion 2 adjacent the discharge opening 45, is provided with a cover plate 24 which is bolted to the ,portion 2 by means of nuts and studs 27, see Fig. 6. The shell or hood 30, see Figs. 3, 4 and 6, is hemispherical in shape and has a passage which connects with the opening 45 formed therethrough. This hood 30 is suspended within the stationary nozzle portions 10, 2, by means of coaxial stub shafts 8 which `are supported in bearings formed directly in the casing portions 2, l0. Suitable stuffing boxes 49 are p-rovided at the casing portions where the stub shafts 8 leave the nozzle casings and prevent leakage of water from within the nozzle to the atmosphere. The chamber 35 which exists be- .tween the hood 30 and the casing portion 2 connects at the rear with the interior of the hood 80. The discharge portion 29 is secured to t-he hood 30 and has a curved outer bearing surface either spherical or cylindricall which coacts with a series of packing strips 33 supported in the cap 24. These packing strips 33 are forced against the portion 29 by a segmental retainer ring 32 which is forced against the packing strips 33 by means of a ring wedge 31. The ring wedge 31 is adapted vto be drawn toward the cap 24 by means of a series of bolts 28. The

portions of the packing strips 33 having the greatest diameters, are exposed to the charnber 35 so that any pressure established within the chamber 35 will also tend to force the packing stripsl 33 against the discharge portion 29 of the hood 30. The discharge portion 29 is so formed that by coaction with the needle 3, fiuid leaving the interier of the hood 30 through t-he discharge opening 45 formed in the discharge portion .29` wil leave in the form of a solid cylindrical jet. An annular lip 34 formed on the discharge portion v29 adjacent the discharge opening 45 lis so directed that any water which escapes from the chamber 35l and passes along the outer spherical surface of the discharge portion 29 will automat-ically iiow in the direction of the jet. This feature permits this leakage water to mingle with the jet without disturbing the outer surface of the jet.

The' casing 41 has the chamber 43 formed on the interior thereof and is supported from thehood 30 by a series of ribs 42.

The needle 3, see Figs. 3 and 4, the axis-lF of which is coincident with the axis of the discharge opening'45, is mounted to slide in the casing 41. Rotation of the needle 3 is prevented by means of a pin which coacts in a slot in the needle 3. The screw shaft 38 which is secured to the needle'3, is guided in a casing portion 40 which is secured to the casing 41. The cap 39 incloses the end of the' casing 40.l The bevel gear 44 is threaded upon the screw shaft 38, being fixed against lateral movement by coaction with an end surface on the casing 41 and casing portion 40, the former being aball bearing. The bevel pinion 46, which meshes with the gear 44, is carried by a shaft 48 which connects with an operating shaft 23. The shaft 48 is of a diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the pinion 46, being so constructed in order to permit removal of the shaft and pinion through the interiorof the stub shaft 8. A suitab e stuingbox 25 is provided at the .end of the enlarged shaft 48, thus preventing displacement of the' shaft 48 withimthe stub shaft 8. The shield 37 is adapted to direct fluid leaving the nozzle portion 10 into the interior of the hood 30.

The shaft 23, the outer free end of which is provided with a bevel gear, is rotatable by means of a hand wheel 9 secured to the upper end of the shaft 12. The lower end of the shaft 12 is provided with the bevel gear 11 which' meshes with the bevel gear on the free end of the shaft 23. The regulator or servo-motor 200, which is actuated by the g'overnor in the usual manner, is providel with a piston 15 which is adapted to reciprocate between the piston chambers 21, 22. The connecting rod 14 connects the piston 15, with the outer end of a crank 7.

1,055,9asy

The crank 7 is adapted to oscillate the stub shaft 8 -to which the hood 30 is connected.

In the modifiedform of nozzle, see Fig. 5, the hood 59 is provided with a central cylindrical casing 51 which is supported con- 1 .Qentrically within the hood 59 by means of a series of ribs o8. The needle 55, the axis of which is coincident with the axis of the discharge opening 45, is adapted to be rcciprocated within the casing 51 by means of a crank 53. The crank 53 is o erated by means of a shaft 54. The end o the crank 53 is connected to a pin 56on the needle 55 by means of a connection 52. The needle can be removed from the casing 51 by removal of the cap 57 or discharge portion 29.

The pipe 13 connects the grease chamber 16 with a conduit 47 formed through one of the stub shafts 8 ard leading into the chamber 43. The piston 17 is connected to a second' piston 18, the end of which is exposed to the piston chamber 19. The pipe 2() connects the piston chamber 19 with the supply pipe 1, thus establishing supply pipe pressure on the piston 18.

In. hydraulic installations having very long pipe lines, it has been found that by suddenly reducing or increasing the size of the jet at times when a decrease or increase in the power was desired, the'shock resulting from such sudden variation in the discharge would damage the pipe line. It is therefore desirable to provide either a bypass valve through which a'sudden variation in'discharge of water can be made at the same time the size of the jet is being varied, or a means for suddenly changing the direction of the jet prior to slowly varying the size thereof. The latter system is the preferred form.

During the normal operation of the turbine under full load, the needle 3 and hood 30 are in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The needle 3 is in its extreme position away from the discharge orifice or opening 45, -while the axis of the hood 30 is in line with that of the supply ipe 1 and with the impact circle of the huckets 5.

lThe jet leaving the discharge orifice or opening 45 impinges directly against the buckets 5 and after having transmitted its energy to the wheel 4, the water falls by gravlty into the discharge Hume. If it is 'desired to decrease the power, the turbine governor automatically acts to increase the pressure in thepiston chamber 22 of the servo-motor or regulator 200, thereby causing the piston l5 to move upwardly. This upward movement ofthe piston 15 causes the lever 7 to swing up. The motion of the lever 7 is transmitted through the stub shaft 8 to the hood 30 and causes the axis of this hood to take a position away from the impact circle of the buckets 5 and at an angle'gt the axis of the pipe line 1. The

extent of this motion or angle depends upon the amount of variation in the power, and if it is desired to shut off the power entirely, the hood 30 will be so shifted that the jet entirely clears the buckets The deflection of the jet by shifting the hood 30 is accomplished in a very sho-rt period of time. After deflection of the jet, the size of the jet can be decreased Very slowly either by manually operating the hand wheel 9, or by one of the well known automatic devices which may also be connected to the turbine governor. Bv manually operating the hand Awheel 9, the shafts 12, 23, 48, are rotated,

causing the bevel pinion 46 to rotate. The rotary motion of the pinion 46 is transmit ted to the bevel gear 44, which is held against lateral movement between lthe end portions of the casing 41 and the casing portion 40. The rotation of the bevel gear 44 causes the threaded shaft 38 and needle 3 to move forward, thereby decreasing the area of the discharge orifice or opening 45 with a resulting decrease in the size of the jet leaving this opening 45. After the size of the jet has been sufficiently varied, the turbine governor automatically operates to increase the pressure in the chamber 21 of the servo-motor or regulator 200, causing the piston 15 to move downwardly. Thisv downward motion of the piston 15 is transmitted through the connection 14, lever 7 and stub shaft 8 to the hood 30, causing the axis of the hood to again move into alinement with the aXis of the pipe line 1. This return of the hood 30 to its normal position again causes the jet, the size of which how ever remains decreased, to impinge against the buckets 5 at their most effective portion-s. It will be notedthat if an increaser in the power is required, the reverse operation of the nozzle will take place. It should also be noted that b v first deflecting the jet and then varying rthe size thereof, an efficient means for avoiding shock in the supply pipe line, as well as for saving water, is provided.

By forming the nozzle casing stationary all of the external operatingmechanism for the hood 30 and needle 3 can be so located that it is easily accessible from the pipe line pit. This mechanism moreover is free from subject-ion to the splash water within the turbine casing 60 because of the hermetically sealed joint between the casing and the nozzle. The chamber 35 is under full pipe line pressure, this pressure being admitted to the chamber 35 through the space between the guard 37 and the hood 30, the resultant` pressure on the hood 30 is rearward. As the pressure on the interior of the hood 30 decreases near the discharge opening 45, and as the effective area is greater than the effective area of the hood subjected to the pressure of the chamber this full pressure of chamber 35 tends to substantially counterbalance the reduced forward pressure within the hood. The heretofore ob jectionable feature in defiecting nozzles of having the hydro-static pressure within the nozzle minus the reactive thrust induced by the jet fall upon the nozzle pivots is entirely eliminated. The device can be so designed that the pressure within the chamber 35 which acts against the hood 30 substantially balances the pressure acting on the opposed areas thereof, thus permitting the oscillation of the hood and deflection of the'jet with verylittle power.

The chamber 43 formed within the casing 41 and casing portion 40, is normally lled with grease under pipe line pressure. This grease is admitted to the chamber 43 through the passage 47 and pipe 13 from the grease chamber 16. The pipe line pressure is transmitted to the grease within the cham ber 16 through the pipe 20, chamber 19, and the connected pistons 18, 17. This filling of the chamber 43 with grease provides perfect lubrication for the gears 44, 46, the needle 3, and the operating shaft 48.

In the modified form, see Fig. 5, the hood 59 is oscillated in a manner similar to that above disclosed in the operation of the hood 30. The needle 55 instead of being shifted by means of gears. is operated by a crank 53, oscillation of which is effected through a shaft 54.

It should be understood that it is not de* sired to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a nozzle, a stationary casing, a fluid supply pipe connected to said casing, movable means within said casing. means for controlling the size of the jet discharged from said casing, and means for shifting said movable means to change the direction of the et.

2. In a nozzle, a stationary casing, a fluid supply pipe connected to said casing, movable means within said casing and having a passage formed therethrough, means for cont-rolling the size of said passage, and means for shifting said movable means to change the direction of the jet discharged fro-m said passage.

3. In a nozzle. a casing, a supply pipe co-nnectedto said casing, and means located entirely within said casing for changing .the direction of the jet discharged from said casing.

4. Ina nozzle, a casing, means for supply-A ing fluid under pressure to said casing, and means within said casing for changing bot-h the direction and size of the jet discharged from said casing.

5. In a nozzle, a stationary casing, a

fluid supply pipe connected to said casing, jet direction changing means swingable on an axis and entirely within said casing, operating means for said jet direction changing means, jet size changing means entirely within said casing, and operating means for said jet changing means including an externally operable shaft having an axis common with said axis of swing.

G. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, means for changing the direction of the jet leaving said casing, and means for substantially balancing the pressure on opposite sides of said jet direction changing means.

7. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, means for changing the direction of the jet leaving said casing, and means providing a counterbalancing pressure on said jet direction changing means.

8. In a nozzle, a casing,

a supply pipe connected to said casing,

and a hood for changing the direction of the jet and spaced from said casing to form a pressure chamber.

9. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe for said casing, a hood spaced from said casing to form a counterbalancing pressure chamcounterbalancing ber, means for packing the joint between said hood and casing, and means on the hood for directing'in the direction of the jet, the leakage past said packing.

10. In a nozzle, a casing, a supply pipe connected to said casing, means -for changing the size of the jet leaving said casing, means for operating said jet size changin means, said operating means being isolated within a chamber surrounded by the water within said casing, under pressure lubricant to said chamber.

11. In a nozzle, means for deflecting the jet, and means for counterbalancing the reactive thrust induced by the jet, on the jetl deflect-ing means. l

12. The combination of a water wheel casing, a nozzle having a hermetically sealed connection to said casmg, and means within said nozzle for deecting the jet from said nozzle.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is affixed hereto oftwo witnesses.

W. M. WHITE.

Witnesses:

G. F. DE WEiN, H. C. CASE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C.

and means for supplying in the presence.

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