US1054248A - Steam-generator. - Google Patents

Description

L. STEINMiI LLERp STEAM GENERATOR APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27,1911.

1,05%,248, Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

z minus-suns: 1.

L. STEINMULLER.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIOATION FILED 521 121, 1911.

Patented Feb. 25, 1913.

2 BHEBT8-BKBBT 2.

z/iirwagea; V K 76 LlSIlBRECI-ITSTEINMU'LLER. 013 GUMMERSBACH. GERMANY.

mandamus.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 3'55, 1913.

Application filed September 27. 191i. Serial a... 651,599.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Lnennoirr Srnmatiinman, a subject of the King of Prussia, and resident of Gun'nnersbach, in the Province of the Rhine, German Empire, have inveiited certain new and useful Improvements in SteanrGenerators, of which the following is a specification. I

This invention relates to certain iin rovements in steam generators and has or its object to provide means for regulating the temperature of saturated steam for supply to turbines and like machinery.

According to the present invention the superheated steam is first caused to pass through an intermediate heater heated b the superheated steam so that the saturated steam from the boiler is dried and slightly superheated before passing to the stiperheat r roper, where the steam is raised to hig p eitiperature and thereafter passed througi the intermediate heater so asto giie up "art of its heat thereto, so that the superheated steam is supplied at a suitable temperature to the turbine or the like. The intermediate heater enables water and foreign matter to be separated from the steam before the latter passes to the superheater so tl1at damage to the superheater is obviated, The intermediate heater can also be readily con,- strueted so as to be accessible and thus easily controlled and cleaned. On the other hand no drawback is presentedin superheating the steam in the superheater to a. higher temperature than is re uired forthe tiirbinc or the like, as the insertion of the intermediate heater protects the superheater from internal damaging influences. A,

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: H

Figure 1 is a side view, showing the intermediate heater in section, of the connections from the boiler to the superheater and the connections therefrom to the turbine or the like to be driven. Fig. 2 is a diagrannnatic view ofa slightly modified form of Fig. 1. Pi 3 is a detail view of the regulating \a ve shown in Fi 2. Fig. 4 illutratesin )erspectivc a modified construction of regulating valve.

Referring to Fig. 1 f the drawings: 1 indicates a steam pipe leading from the boiler, said steam pipe opening into an intermediate heater 2, which is inserted between the steam pipe L and a pipe 3 leading to the I sit 'erheater 4. Said superheater communicii es witha pipe 5 which returns to the intermediate heater2 and the steamat'ter passiiig therethrough escapes by way of the pipe 6 to the turbine or the like. The intermediate heat'erii comprises a cylindrical chamber having remo'i'able end covers 7 to which are connected the steam pipes 1 and 3 respective'l'. Within the interior of the heater :3 are arranged two transverse i iates divid ing the heater 2 into end chambers 9 and 1t) and a centralchamber 11, within which latter are arranged a series of horizontal tubes 12, headed in the end plates 8 and open at each end to the chambers t) and respectively. It will thus be seen that steam enters the end chamber 9 of the heater 2 from the re tubes 11 into the end chamber 10 and therefrom through the pipe 3 to the sapwlieater 4. The steam passing tlnrough iae tubes 12 is heated therein by superheated steam within the central chamber 11 ot' the heater 2, the steam entering the chamber 11 by way of the pipe 5 and after flowing 'ai'oiipd and between the tubes 12 passing out by way of the pipe G.q The steam pipe 1 is provided with a valve 13 whereby the suply of steam to the heater 2 may be cut ott", in which case the steam from the boiler may "ass directly to the engine through a pipe 4 connecting then'pipe 1 with the pipe 6. Instead of supplying steam directly to the pi'p'p 6, it may be supplied directly to the 'siipeih'eiiter 4 without passing through the heater 2, the steam in this case gassing pipe 1 to the pipe 3. the valve 13 in the pipe.

iii the cut-oil position. The steam from the superheater may also be supplied directly to the pipe 6 without passing through the heater 2 b way of a pipe 16. Means are also pi'ot'i ed whereby steam from the pipe 1 may be caused to pass through the heater of heat considerably facilitated.

When the valve 1' is open, steairi from the and thus the'exchange' 's 'eiim pipe 1 and passes therefrom through t throiigh'a pipe 15 leading directly from the 1, and the Vali'e 36 in the pipe 14 being set 2 into tlie pipe 3 and from thence through a i The mode of 0' eration is as ,follo\\'s:-

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boiler enters by way of the pipe 1 at. a temperature of say 180 C. and on passing through the tubes 12. is dried and slightly superheated. The slightly superheated steam then passes to the superheater 4 through the pipe 3 and returns to the heater 2 by way of the pipe 5 and passes between and around the tubes 1'2. During the pitssage of the superheated steam through the chamber 11 the superheated steam is somewhat cooled, the steam coming for example from the superheater 4 at. a temperature of about 400 C. and being cooled to a temperature of about 350 C. before being supplied to the turbine or the like. If it is now desired to regulate the temperature of the superheated steam, part of the steam coming from the heater 2 may be caused to pass through the pipe 17 direct to the pipe 5. while the remainder of the steam passes directly to the superheat'er 4; or a part otthe steam may be directly supplied to the turbine through a pipe 18. As the amount of steam now passing through the. superbcater 4 is diminished. a diminished heating of the saturated steam passing through the tubes 12 results. even although the steam passing through the superheater 4 may be raised to a higher temperature. It will also be readily understood that if steam from the pipe 1 is supplied directly to the superheater 4- by way of the pipe 15 without passing through the heater 2, the degree of superheating in the superheater will be diminished, thus regulating the temperature of the superheated steam supplied to the turbine by way of the pipe 6. It will also be understood that a part of the steam may be supplied directly to the superheater 4 While the remainder is passed through the heater 2. The temperature of the steam supplied to the pipe 6 be increased by passing a part of the steam directly to the pipe 6 While the remainder is caused to pass through the chamber 11 of the heater 2.

In order to avoid excessive heating of the superheater tubes at the point. where the superheated steam passes out of the superheater owing to the small cooling of the highly superheated steam. or in order to maintain the temperature of the steam on entering the superhcatcr below a predetermined temperature. the amount of water in the steam entering the heater 2 may be increased in any desired manner. For example. water may be sprayed into the steam pipe 1 through a water pipe 39. The supply oi water to the steam in this manner before the steam enters the super-heater. has the advantage over the direct supply of water to the steam in the, .-'=u 'ierhcatcr, that all doposits can readily settle in accessible parts. viz. in the intermediate heater 2. while on the other hand the danger of water hammer etlects in the engine cylii'ider and burning oi the superheater tubes owing to the deposit of foreign matter therein is obviated. 2 illustrates an apparatus whereby the temperature of the superheated steam may be automatically regulated. steam boiler of any suitable type while 20 indicates an outlet for the wet, steam and i an outlet t'ordry steam. the inlet end of the latter pipe being provided with a drying and littering apparatus 32 oi the usual type. inserted between the pipe '20 and the superheater 4 is the intermediate heater 2 of the type described and illustrated in Fig. 1. so that the wet steam passing through the pipe 20 is dried and somewhat superheated in the heater 2 before passing to the superheater 4. The superheated steam leaves the superheater through a tube 5 and enters the intermediate heater 2 in the manner.already described. the steam thereafter 'iassing out through the steam supply pipe 6. The pipe 3 leading from the heater 2 and the dry steam pipe 21 leading from the boiler 19 are connected together by means ot a \aived connection which communicates through a pipe 27 with the superheater -t. The i'alve Q5 enables the amount of wetsteam passing through the heater 2 andthe amount of dry steam passing through the pipe 21 to be controlled. ln the steam pipe 5 is arranged a thermostat 23 of any suitable type which is actuated by the variations in temperature of the steam passing through thepipe 5. Said thermostat is mechanically or otherwise connected with the regulating valve 25,- the connection of the thermostat 23 with the valve 25 being illustrated in Fig. 2 by the dotted line 28. If desired an auxiliary thermostat 34 may also be inserted in the steam supply pipe 6, the latter being of course dependent upon the tinal temperature of the steam supplied to the turbine... It will of course be readily understood that if desired electrical thermostats or mechanical arrangements of any known type may be employed for this purpose.

'lhe constructimi oi the regulating valve 25 is shown in detail in Fig. 3 and comprises a substantially semi-cylindrical valve 25 intatably arranged in a three-way 'alvc casing 26 open at one side to the pipe 3 and at the in the valve casing 26 and passing there- From through the pipe 27 to the siu'ierheater. It will be readily understood that by rotatiinn the valve 35 in the one direction or the other the supply of wet or dry steam ran be controlled as required so as to vary the humiditv and ten'iperaturc oi the. steam miiremeuts.

The operation of thetoregoinp' device, is as tollows:----The valve 25 is so arranged as to pcri'nit a certain quantity of steam From the heater 2 to pass to the supcrhcater 12?,

Fig.

19 illustrates a other side to the pipe .21. the steam mixing supplied to the supcrbcater according to rc-.

4 and mix with a certain quantity of dry steam supplied by way of the pipe .21. The

mixed steam is superheated in the superheater -it and then passes through the pipe 5 and through the heater 2 where it gives up a part of its heat to the latter and thus slightly superheats the wet steam passing through the tubes of the heater 2. until it finally passes out through the pipe (3 at the desired temperature. if now the temperature of. the superheated steam flowing through the pipe 5 and the thermostat 23 exceeds a predetermined amount. the regtr hating valve 24 is operated by the thermostat23 so that more wet steam will be admitted to the superheater 2 while the supply of dry steam from the pipe 11 lo the siiperheatcr i will he. correspondingly diminished. It follows thercl'rom that the wet steam flowing through the heater 2 will absorb moreheat frour the supcrl'tcatcd steam passing thercthrough and the linal temperature at the supcrluatcd steam will thus be decreased. If on the other hand the final temperature of the superheated steam is too low. the amount of wet steam passing through the heater 2 will he corresptuulingly diminished and the amount of dry steam passing to the supcrheatcr 4 correspondingly increased by rotating the valve 2:) in the reverse direction. The thermostatic device 24 v which may he used either alone or in con junction with the thermostatic device 23 may be caused to actuate the regulating val re 25 in a similar manner thereto.

Fig. 4 illustrates a modified form of regulating valve, the pipes 3 and 21, in this case being shown as parallel to one another and each provided with butterfly valves 2.) and 30 respectively mounted upon a rotatable shaft. 31 and at right angles to one another so that when the one valve is closed. the

other valve will be in its open position. The shaft 31 can be rotated in any known manner from the thernn'istatic devices 23 or ".24 and its rotation will cause the valves 2%) and 30 to open or close respectively as required.

t. In a steam generator. a heater for drying and heating steam from the boiler before passing it to a super-heater. said heater being heated by the superheated steam coming from said heater and superheater. whereby said superheated steam is at the same time slightly cooled.

- Q. In a steam generator. at st nun pipe leading from the boiler to a supcrhcatm', an. intermtaliate heater in said pipe. pipe connection supplying steam direct From the boiler to the superheater. a cut-ott valve in said pipe ctmnection. a su 'ierheatcd steam pipe leading from said snperhcatc to said heater. which latter is adapted to be eated by the superhea ted steam. and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater.

l 3. In a steam generator. a heater. n stcam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater, a supcrhcatcr. a connection hetwecn'said i heater and super-heater. a return pipe from i said supcrheatcr to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam. at superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater, and a valved branch pipe connecting said connection with said return pipe.

4. lira steam generator. a heater. a steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater. a snpcrheatcr, a connection between said heater and superheater, a return pipe from said superhcatcr to said heater. which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a superheated steam supply pipe lead ing from said heater and a vaii'cd branch pipe connecting said connection with the superheated steam supply pipe.

5. In a steam generator. a heater. a steam pipe leading from the boilerto said heater. l a snperheater, a return pipe from said i snpcrheatcr to said heater. which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, at superhcattul steam supply pipe leading from said heater. a valved branch pipe (Ulllltt'lllltl said connection with said rcturn pipe. and a valved branch pipe connecting said connection with the superheated steam supply pipe.- j

(3. in a steam generator. a heater. a steam pipe leading from the. boiler to said heater.

a supcrhcatcr. a connection between said heater and superheater. a valved pipe supplying steam direct from the boiler to the super-heater. a return pipe from said superheater to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam. a

superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater. and a valved branch pipe connecting said connection with said return pipe.

7. in a steam generator. a heater. a steam pipc leading from the boiler to said heater. .110 a supcrlicater. a. connection between said heater and superheater, a valved pipe supplying steam direct from the boiler to the superheater. a return pipe from said superheater to said heater, which latter is adapt ed to be heated by the superheated steam, a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater, and a valved branch pipe connecting said connection with the. superheated steam supply pipe.

H. in a steam generator, a heater, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater. a siu'ita-heater, a connection between said heater and superheatcr, a return pipe from said superheatel' to said heater. whi h latter connecting said connection with the superheated steam supply pipe.

5). In a steam generator, a heater, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater, a superheater, a connection between said heater and superheater, a'return pipe from said superheater to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater. and a valved pipe directly connecting said return pipe with the 'superhcated steam supply pipe.

10. In a steam generator. a steam pipe leading from the holler to a super-heater. an intermediate heater in said ,wpe. a pipe connection supplying steam direct from the boiler to the superheater. a. eut-ott valve in said pipe connection. a superheated steam pipe leading from said superheater to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam. a superheated steam supply pipe leading: from said heater. and'a valved pipe directly connecting said return pipe with the superheated steam supply pipe.

11. In a steam generator, a heater, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater, a superheater, a connection between said heater and super-heater. a return pipe from said superheatcr to said heater, which latter-is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, at superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater, a valved branch pipe connecting said connection with the superheated steam supply pipe, and a valved pipe directly connecting said return pipe with the superheated steam supply pipe.

12. In a steam generator. a heater. a steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater,

superheatcr, a return pipe from said superheatcr to said heater. which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater. :1 valved hranch pipe connecting said connection with said return pipe. :1 valved branch pipe connect ing' said connection with the superheatwl steam supply pipe and a valved pipe directly connecting said return pipe with the superheated steam supply pipe.

12-3. Tn a steam generator. a heater for drying and heating steam: from the boiler before passing it. to a supcrhcatcr. said heater being heated by the superheated 'steam whereby the latter i." at the same time slightly cooled. and means 'ter supplying water to said steam before its entry into the heater.

l l. In a steam. generator. a heater. a \vet steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater, a superheater, a connection between said heater and super-heater, a dry steam pipe leading; directly from the holler to the superheater, means for regulating the flow of wet steam through said heater and for regulating the flow of dry steam through said dry steam pipe, a. return pipe from said superheater to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a thermostatic device in said return pipe and adapted to operate said regulating means, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater.

15. In a steam generator. a heater, a wet steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater, a superheater, a. connection between said heater and snperheater, a threeway valve casing in said connect-ion, a dry steam pipe supplying dry steam directly from the boiler to said valve casing, a valve in said casing for proportionately regulating the steam flowing from said heater to the superheater and the dry steam flowing directly to said superheater, a return pipe from said super-heater to said heater. which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a thcrnmstatic device in said return pipe and adapted to operate said valve, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater.

16. In a steam generator, a. heater. a Wet.

steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater. :1. super-heater, a connection hctween said heater and superheater, a dry steam pipe leading directly from the boiler to the superheater, means for regulating the flow of net steam through said heater and for regulating? the flow of dry steam through said dry steam pi pe. a return pipe from said super-heater to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a superheated steam supply pipe lead ing from said heater, and athermostatic device in said superheated steam supply pipe and adapted to operate said regulating means.

17. Tu a steam generator. a heater. a wet steam pipe leading from the boiler to said heater. a superheater, a connection between said heater and superheater, a dry steam pipe leading directly from the boiler to the supcrheater. means for regulating the How of wet steam through said heater and for regulating the How of dry steam through said dry steam pipe, a return pipe from said superheatcr to said heater, which latter is adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a thermostatic device in said return pipe and adapted to operate said regulating, means. a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater and a thermostatic device in said siu'ierheatcd steam supply pipe also adapted to operate said regulating means.

18. In a. steam generator, a beaten-.11 wet; steam pipe leading from-the boiler to said heater, a. superheater, a connection between said heater and superheater, a three-Way valve casing in said connection, a dry steam tit pipe supplying dry steam directly from the boiler to said valve casing, a valve in said casing for proportioilately regulating the steamllowing from said heater to the superhcatr-i: and the dry steam flowing directly to said superheater, a return pipe from said I l t n lei-healer to said heater which latter is i l a steam pipe leading trom the boiler to one ol adapted to be heated by the superheated steam, a thermostatic device in said return pipe and adapted to operate said valve, a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said heater, amt a thermostatic device in said superheated steam supply pipe also adapted to operate said Valve.

it In a steam generator, a heater com prising a chamber divided into two end compartments and a central compartment, tubes passing through said central compartment and opening into said end compartments, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to one of said end compartments, whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of said end compartments, a supiwheater, a onnection from the latter t said end compartnents to the superheater, pipe connecting the supcrheater with said central compartment whereby superheated team is caused to pass around and between shId tubes, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said central compartment.

13!). ln a steam generator, a heater comprising a chamber divided into two end compartn'ients and a central compartment, tubes passing through said central compartment and tlptlllllg into said end compartments, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to one of said .end compartments whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of said end ct mpartrm-nts, a superlnaitcr, a connection from the latter of said end compartments to the superhcater, a valred pipe connecting the boiler directly with the superheater, a pipe connectiilg the sup rheater with said central com 'iar-tment whereby superheatwl steam is caused to pass around. and between said tubes, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said central compartment.

21. lo a. steam generator, a heater comprising a chamber divided into two'end com partn'ients and a central monpartment, tubes passing through said central compartment and opening into said end Lit lllptlllllltflltfi, a vsteam pipe leading from the boiler to one ol' said end compartments, whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of said end compartments, a superheatcr, a connection from the latter ot said end compartments to the supcrheatcr, a pipe connecting the superhcater with said central wanpartmcnt whereby superheated steam is caused to ass around and between said tubes, a valved bran h pipe connecting said connection with the pipe c nnecting the sl|- perheater with said central compartment,

and a superheated steam supply pipe lead ing from said central compartment.

:22. In a steam generator, a heater comprising a chamber divided into two end compartments and a central compartment, tubes passing through said central compartment and opening into said end compartments, :1

said end C(lllll'JtIltlllCIlllS, whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of said end compartments, a superhealer, a connection from the latter of said end compartments to the superheater, a pipe connecting the super-heater with said central compartment whereby superheated steam is caused to pass around and between said tubes, a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said central compartment and a valved pipe connecting said connection with said superheated steam supply pipe.

23. In a steam generator, a heater coin prising a chamber divided into two end Conn part-meats and a central compartment, tubes passing through said central compartment and opening into said end compartments, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to one of said end coi'i'ipartments, means for supplying water to the steam in said steam pipe, whereby wet steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of said end compart meals, a supcrheater, a connection from the latter of said end compartments to the superheater, a pipe connecting the superheater with said central romlmrtment whereby superheated steam is caused to pass around and between said tubes, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading l'rom said central com mrlment.

LZ-t. to a steam generator, a heater comprising a chamber divided into two end compartments and a central compartment, tnbcs passing through said central compartmcnt and opening into said end compartments, a steam pipe leading from the boiler to one of said end compartments, whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tubes into the other of the said end compartmcnts, a superhcater, a connection from the latter o'l' said end com mrtmenls to the su a-rhcater. a dry steam pipe leading directly from the boiler to the super-heater, means to! regulating the llow of steam through lllll heater and tor regulating the llc\\' of dry steam through said drysteam pipe, a pipe connecting the su wrheater with said central compartment, whereby superheated steam is caused to pass around and between said tubes, a thermostatic device in said pipe connecting the superlnaitcr with said central compartment and adapted to operate said regulating means, and a superheated steam supply pipe leading from said central compartment. 1

3.3. In a steam generator, a heater comprising a chamber divided into two end rompartmenis and a central compartment,

tuhes passing through said central emnpartment and opening into said end compartments, a ateain pipe leading from the boiler to one. of said end compartments, whereby the steam is caused to pass through said tuhes into the other of the said end COIHPIIItments, a superh iater, a connection from the latter of said end compartments to the su-' perheaterg a dry steam pipe leading directly from the boiler to the superheater means for regulating the flow of steam through said heater and for regulating the fiowoi dry sti an'i through said dr teani pipe, a

pipe connecting the superheater with said central compartment, whereby superheated steam is caused to pass around and between a said tubes, a superheated steam supply pipe

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