US2202507A

US2202507A - High pressure steam generator

Info

Publication number: US2202507A
Application number: US44171A
Authority: US
Inventors: Swietochowski Olivier; Moravia Protectorate; Bohemia
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-10-13
Filing date: 1935-10-09
Publication date: 1940-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 1957-05-28

Description

May 28, 1940. o. SWIETOCHOWSKI 2,202,507

. HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATOR Filed Oct. 9, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 iie vezaiart oui/IER swmocnowsm AitOTZ'LGy S May 28, 1940. o. SWIETOCHOWSKI 2,202,507

I HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATOR I Filed Oct. 9, 1935 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 28, 1940 UNITED STATES V 2.202.507 HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATOR Olivier Swietochowski, Mahrisch-strau', Protectorate Moravia and Bohemia, former Czechoslovakia Application October 9, 1935, Serial No. 44,171

In Germany October 13, 1934 9 Claims. (01. 122%31) This invention relates to high pressure steam boilers with indirect generation of steam by means of superheated steam which is withdrawn by means of a pump from an unheated boiler drum, is conveyed in a positive mannerthrough the superheaters andis thereupon blown in circulation into the water space of the boiler drum.

In theknown constructional forms of these steam generators, more particularly known as Lofiler boilers, the useful steam is always superheated in common superheaters together with the steam circulating as the heat carrier and to the same temperature as the latter. It has also already been proposed to withdraw the useful steam from an intermediate stage of the common superheater and therefore to convey it to the points of consumption at a lower temperature,

than that of the circulating steam. This method was based on the prevailing assumption that go, the superheat temperature of the steam acting as the heat carrier should be driven as high as possible. It has also'already been proposed to limit the positive circulation to the steam acting as the heat carrier by withdrawing the useful steam directly from the boiler drums and superheating it separately from the circulating steam. In contradistinction thereto the invention consists in withdrawing the useful steam in the known mannerby means of the circulattozing pump, together with the circulating steam from the boiler drum, and conveying it in a positive manner to the superheaters, then to withdrawing it' from the circulatory system after the partial or complete superheating of the circulat- -5iing steam and superheating it separately from the circulating steam to a higher temperature than the latter. In the case of boilers with radiation and convection superheaters disposed with the latter in series after the first, the useful -3, steam should preferably not be withdrawn before leaving the radiation superheater. This construction of steam circulating boilers is particularly suitable for obtaining very high superheating temperatures and for maintaining a lower- 455,1DOW6I' demand for the steam circulation than would be necessary, when superheating the circulating steam to the-same high temperature as that of the useful steam. This arrangement also makes it possible to limit the employment 5030f high heat resistance material to the final superheater for the useful steam. Furthermore, the invention provides generally a greater freedom in the distribution of the heat to be absorbed from the flue gases to the sundries, i. e.

55,;the superheating, of vthe steam, the preheating of the feed water and the heating of the air and of the delivery of heat to the heating by radiation and'to the heating by contact with the flue gases.

- The invention is illustrated by way of example 5 in the annexed drawings of which v Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic View of a Loefiler boiler plant and a Fig. 2 a further modification of same.

According to the embodiment of the inven- 10 tion shown in Fig. 1 the circulating pump 2 withdraws saturated steam from the boiler drum l and conveys it in a positive manner to the radia tion superheater '3 and then to the convection superheater 4 which is heated by contact with the flue gases. 'After the convection-superheater 4 the useful steam is withdrawn from the circulatory system at 5 and is superheated in the final superheater 6 to the temperature required at the points of consumption, for instance the turbo generator 0, While the steam circulating as the heat carrier remains at the lower temperature at the point where it leaves the com Veotion-superheater 4 and is conveyed at this temperature through, the pipes 1 and 8 to the boiler drum I, into the water space of which it is then blown for the purpose of generating steam.

The final superheater 6 is preferably so arranged that it is heated only by contact with the fluegases. This is eifectedwith'advantage in a region of lower flue gas temperatures. In the example illustrated the convection-superheater 4 is divided into two sections connected in series with one another, of which, that which is first swept through by the steam is sweptover by the fiue gases directly after they leave the combustion chamber and is arranged with the media flowing-in the same direction, and the final superheater 6 which is also swept through by the steam in the same direction as the flue gases is disposed between these two sections of the convection-superheater 4. The second section of the convection-superheater 4 can then with advantage be connected up in counterflow with respect to the flue gases.

The final superheater 6 is preferably designed for relatively high steam velocities, more 'particularly whenit is a question of producing ver high superheating'temperatures. Y

For protecting the final superheater G apipe 9 having a valve 10 is provided, which, when valve I0 is opened connects the outlet of the final superheater 8 at H with the pipe 8, which leads the circulating steamto the boiler drum l, a further valve [2 being provided in the circulating pipe 1. This makes it possible to connect up the final superheater 6 behind the con vection-superheater i in the circulating system, when no steam is being withdrawn, when starting up and when shutting off the boiler and so on, so that the entire superheater heating surface can be swept over in a positive manner by the entire amount of steam conveyed by the steam circulating pump 2.

For protecting the final superheater ii there is also connected behind the final superheater 3 the outlet valve it, which can be operated automatically or by hand in the case of danger, and the safety valve is for blowing-off steam into the atmosphere. The amount of steam which has to be blown off for avoiding inadmissible pressure and temperature increases can be kept low by at the same time connecting up the final superheater 8 in the steam circulatory system.

For starting up and the like a short circuiting pipe i5 with a valve it is provided in front of the final superheater ii, so that the total amount of conveyed steam need not be allowed to flow through the final superheat'er E, but only as much steam as is necessary for ensuring the cooling of the final superheater ii.

For regulating the superheating temperature of the useful steam during operation saturated steam may be mixed with it at the inlet into the final superheater S. The saturated steam is Withdrawn behind the circulating pump 2 at ll and is conveyed through the pipe is with the regulating valve E9 to the mixing nozzle 28. The valve is is controlled according to the final temperature of the useful steam by the thermostat 2!, as is indicated by the impulse pipe 22.

The final superheating of the useful steam can also be regulated by means of the steam circulating pump 2 by varying the quantity of steam circulated.

In the flow of flue gases, the course of which is indicated by arrows, there is disposed in the usual way behind the. convection-superheater i an economiser 23 and an air heater According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 2 the circulating pump 2 withdraws saturated steam from the boiler drum l and delivers the same to the radiation superheater 3 and then to the convection superheater which consists of two sections 6 and *3. Useful steam is withdrawn from the convection superheater at 5 and is further superheated in the supe heater 8 to the required final temperature.

In order to protect the final superheater 5 a pipe 9 with valve it is provided which when valve H) is opened connects the superheater 6 at H with the pipe 8 which leads the circulating steam to the boiler drum 4 a further valve 12 being provided in the circulating pipe '7.

For further protection of the superheater 8 there is also connected behind the final superheater 6 the outlet valve it, which can be operated automatically or by hand in the case of danger, and the safety valve it for blowing-off steam into the atmosphere.

In order to further connect the superheater with the circulatory system a pipe is provided which connects the outlet of said

superheater

4 and 4 at H with the inlet of the superheater 6; a valve I2 is located in this pipe 1' and a valve 12 is located between the withdrawal point 5 of the useful steam and the inlet in superheater 6. v

The steam which passes from the boiler drum I through the circulating pump 2 and through the radiation superheater 3 enters section 4 of the convection superheater. A portion of the circulating steam, is withdrawn at 5; it flows through the mixing nozzle 20 and to the pipe 7 leading to the superheater 8 where it is superheated to the temperature required at the point of consumption f. i. the turbo-generator V. The circulating steam is conveyed through the other section 4 of the convection superheater and through pipes l and 8 into the water space of the boiler drum i.

For starting up and the like a short circuiting pipe 5 with a valve it is provided in front of the final superheater '6, so that the total amount of conveyed steam need not be allowed to flow through the final superheat'er B, but only as much steam as is necessary for ensuring the cooling of the final superheater 6.

For regulating the superheating temperature of the useful steam during operation saturated steam may be mixed withit at the inlet into the final superheater 8. The saturated steam is withdrawn behind the circulating pump 2 at I? and is conveyed through the pipe IS with the regulating valve 59 to the mixing nozzle 2b. The valve IE3 is controlled according to the final temperature of the useful steam by the thermostat 2! (t), as indicated by the impulse pipe 22.

The final superheating oi the useful steam can also be regulated by means of the steam circulating pump 2 by varying he quantity of steam circulated.

In the flow of flue gases, the course of which is indicated. by arrows, there is disposed in the usual way behind the convection-superheater 4 an economiser 23 and an air heater 2%.

What I claim is:

l. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through the circulatory system, radiation superheaters for superheating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing the useful steam after said superheating stage, a convection superheater for further superheating the said heat carrier steam and means for further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam separately to a temperature which is higher than the final temperature of the heat carrier steam.

2. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through the circulatory system, radiation superheaters and convection sup'erheaters for superheating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing the useful steam after said superheating stage, means for further superheating the said heat carrier steam and meansfor further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam separately to a temperature which is higher than the final temperature of the heat carrier steam.

3. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through for further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam separately to a temperature which is higher than the final temperatureof the heat carrier steam.

4. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulatingsystem, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the through the circulatory system, a radiation and a convection superheater for superheating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means forv withdrawing the useful steam after said superheating stage, means for further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam separately to a temperature which is higher than that of the heat carrier steam, said convection superheater being divided in two sections and the superheater for the final superheating of the useful steam being arranged in the flow of the heating gases between said. two sections of the common convection. superheater.

5. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier,means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through the circulatory system, a radiation and a convection superheater for superheating jointfor further superheating the said withdrawn usely the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing'the useful steam after said superheating stage, means for further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam'separately to a temperature which is higher than that of the heat carrier steam, said convection superheater being divided in two sections, the first being constructed as a unifiow superheater and the superheater for final superheating of the useful steam being arranged in the flow of the heating gases between said two sections of the common convection superheater.

. 6. A high pressure steam generator operating 'on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through the circulatory system, a radiation and a convection superheater for superh'eating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing the useful steam after said superheating stage, means for further superheating the said withdrawn useful steam sep arately to a temperature WhiCh'iS higher than that of the heat carrier steam, said convection superheater beingdivided in two sections, thefirst section being constructed as a unifiow superheater and the second section as a counterflow superheater, the superheater for the final superheating of the useful steam being'arranged in the flow of the heating gases between said two sectionsof the common superheateri 7. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means for superheating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing the useful steam after said superheatingstage and means for further superheating' the said withdrawn useful steam separately to a temperature which is higher than that of'the heat carrier steam, a circulating pump for withdrawing the steam from the boiler drum and conveying it into thev circulatory system, means for withdrawingv saturated steam from the circulatory system at the pressure-side of the'circulating pump, means for mixing the said saturated steam with the useful steam at a point,which precedes the superheater for the final superheating of the useful steam in the direction of the steam flow and means for regulating the quantity of the admixed saturated steam in predetermined relation of the degree of the final superheat of the useful. steam.

8. A high pressure steam generatoroperating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam acting as a heat carrier, means .for withdrawing useful steam and heat carrier steam from the boiler drum and for conveying the same through the circulatory system, means for superheating jointly the useful steam and the heat carrier steam, means for withdrawing the 'useful steam after said superheating stage and means in] steam separately to a temperature which is higher than that of the heat carrier steam, a connecting pipe for connecting the outlet end of the superheater for the final superheating of the useful steam with the boiler drum and a shut-off member inserted insaid connecting pipe.

'9. A high pressure steam generator operating on the steam circulating system, comprising a boiler drum, a closed circulatory system for steam steam separately to a temperature which is higher than that of the heat carrier steam, a connecting pipe for short-circuiting the superheater for the final superheating of the useful steam and a shut-off member arranged in said connecting pipe. 7

OLIVIER. SWIETOCI-IOWSKI.