US1042565A - Vapor electric device. - Google Patents

Description

P. A. KRONER.

VAPOR ELECTRIC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1911.

Patented 0011. 29, 1912.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1011.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. FRANK A. xnomm, or LYNN, midssholiiisn'rrsthssmnon T0 GENERAL ianno'rmo COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

VAPOR ELECTRIC DEVICE.

To all whom it mag/concern Be it known that I, FRANK A. Knonna, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor Electric Devices, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to vapor electric devices and comprises particularly novel details of construction in a vapor device having inner and outer evacuated envelops.

My invention is particularly applicable to a mercury vapor device, having an outer glass envelop inclosing an inner quartz envelop.

It is one object of my invent-ion to enable both the inner and outer envelops to be evacuated and sealed and also to provide leading-in conductors for the inner envelop. \Vith this object in view, the spaces inside the inner and outer envelops are exhausted separately, the inner envelop being exhausted through a novel form of seal which also serves as a leading-in conductor for one of quartz envelop 4 is provided with leading-' in conductors 5, 6 consisting of a nickel-iron alloy and making a tapered ground joint with the quartz. The seals 2 and 5 are hollow and are joined in such a way as to enable the quartz envelop 4 to be evacuated The platinum tube 2 is forced into a recess in the seal 5 as indicated. If desired, the two metals may be welded together. In either event, the joint will always be tight due to the difference in expansion of the two metals, the nickel steel containing about 30% nickel, expands less than platinum. After the inner envelop is exhausted, the upper end of the tube 2 is sealed off by fusing a glass tube joined to its end, thereby leaving a small glass bead 7, as indicated. The seal 5 also serves to support Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

Serial No. 048,659.

an electrode 8 which may consist of graphite, iron or other suitable refractory material.

As quartz has practically a zero coefiicient of expansion, the expansion and contraction of the glass envelop 1 would tend to loosen the ground seals in the quartz unless provision were made to take up the expansion in some other manner. For this purpose a spring 9 is provided between the seal 6 and the leading-in wire 3. This spring, can, of course, be joined directly to the leading-in wire but is conveniently joined at one end to the small iron block 1.0 connected to the leading-in wire 3, and it is joined at the other end to the rod 11 connected to the seal 6. The rod 11 is firmly attached to the quartz envelop 4 by means of wires 12 which are attached to small eyes 13 formed at the lower end of the quartz envelop. By this means the seal (5 is held in position and the expansion and contraction of the glass is taken up by. the spring 9. As the spring 9 is most conveniently made of steel, and as this metal has a somewhat high resistance, a copper wire, 14 is provided in shunt with the spring, thereby avoiding overheating the spring itself. The curved wire 15 attached to the seal. 6 is provided so that when the mercury flows toward the opposite end of the tubes and makes contact with electrode in supporting and spacing the quartz en velop, within the glass container. The glass envelop is exhausted and sealed off in the usual manner as indicated by the sealed-0d bead 16.

The lamp illustrated in Fig. 2 is similar in construction to that already described except that in this case both electrodes consist of mercury. The seals 5 and 6 will there fore both be covered with mercury, constituting the electrodes 18 and 19, and alldanger of leakage of gas through the ground joint electrodes is thereby avoided.

As already indicated, a mercury lamp, rectifier, or other electric vapor device, made in accordance with my invention, is started by tilting, whereby the positive and negative electrodes are brought into contact and separated, thus striking an are. As the inner envelop is sealed oil from the space surrounding it, considerable pressure may be :u-cumulated therein which permits the lamp to be operated at correspomlingly higher voltage and as the inner envelop is entirely surrounded by an evacuated space and the loss of heat is therefore minimized, a'lainp of very high eiliciency may be obtained.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

1. A vapor electric device comprislng a double walled envelop, electrodes therefor, and a metallic tubular leading-in conductor for one of said electrodes sealed into the inner and outer envelops.

A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an inner quartz envelop, a tubular member sealed into both envelops, having respectively the same coeflicient of expansion as glass and quartz, said members being joined to form a continuous tube for the evacuation of the inner envelop.

3. A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an inner quartz envelop, tubular members sealed into both envelops, said members being joined metallically, and an electrode in the inner envelop, in electrical contact with said tubular member.

4. A vapor electric device comprising a glass envelop and an inner quartz envelop, a nickel-iron tube sealed into said quartz envelop and a platinum tube sealed into the glass envelop and entering a recess in the nickel-iron tube so as to afi'ord a continuous passage into the quartz tube whereby it may be evacuated.

5. .An evacuated envelop, having a pluralit y of walls consisting respectively of materials having difiering coefiieients of expansion, and a tubular member sealed therein, consisting of sections joined together, each section having substantially the same coetlicient of expansion as the material into which it is sealed.

6. An evacuated container, an envelop supported therein, said container and inner envelop consisting of materials differing in their expansion coefficients, mechanically fitted seals for said envelop, and resilient means for urging said seals into close contact with said inner envelop.

7. A vapor electric device comprising the combination of an outer glass envelop, an inner fused quartz envelop, leading-in conductors passing continuously through both said envelops, one of said conductors being tubular and comprisin sections of metal having respectively coei cients of expansion approximating that of the material into which they are sealed, and a spring exerting pressure upon the conductors sealed into the quartz envelop.

In witness whereof, I hereunto set my hand and seal this eighth day of August, 1911.

FRANK A. KRONER. Witnesses:

JOHN A. MoMANUs, J r., ROBERT SHAND.

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