US1041046A - Automatic-loading firearm. - Google Patents

Description

H. DORN.

AUTOMATIC LOADING FIREABM.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 2, 1910.

Patented Oct. 15, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Zz.' 'Zzzessf ELDQBN. h AUTOMATIC LOADING FIBEARM.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 2, 1910.

Patented 0011. 15, 1912.

l 8v? 3.10. J/ j A' n 33 .963 E37 40 '[33 39 32 3l "t y '7731; 10 'dflzy HANS DOEN, OF SUHL, GERMANY. l

AUTOMATIC-LOADING FIREARM'..

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 15, 1912.

Application led December 2, 1910. Serial No. 595,189.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS DoRN, subject of the German Emperor, residing at No. 12 Sandstrasse, Suhl, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic-Loading Firearms, of which the yfollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in connection with recoil loading fire arms having a sliding barrel or a sliding cartridge chamber arranged behind a fixed barrel.

The fundamental idea of the invention is based on the fact, that in addition to the` Y core, int-o the engaging or locking position, and by means of a handle provided for this purpose, the said locking member may, at will, be moved out of engagement against the action of the spring without a rearward movementof the rearwardly braked barrel or cartridge chamber. The combination of these elements is applicable to different kinds of breech bolts, such as slide 1(perated breech bolts and rotatable breech olts.

In the construction of the breech mechanism according to the present invention, there is provided a safety means, hereinafter fully described, which prevents premature firing when the locking is incomplete,

and also special packing means for insuring a gas tight closure between the casing and the movable cartridge chamber, and finally the division of the breech bolt into several articulated sections for permitting different paths for the breech bolt head and the rear part of the breech bolt, which with change of direction can slide in a guide of the gun-stock and has a foldable handle for withdrawing the breechA bolt. The mechanism of the firearm also includes an improved 'form of magazine, hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the subject matter of the invention is shown by lway of example.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a small-arm with sliding breech bolt and sliding barrel, wherein the details of the invention, including the magazine equipment are fully shown. To this lfigure belongs the sliding packing means according to Fig. 6, which, for the sake of clearness, is not shown'ln Fig. 1. Fig.' 2 is a sectional view of a modification of Fig. 1 referring to the sectional breech bolt. Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the casing for guidin the breech bolt taken on the line A-A o Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a cross-section taken on the line B-B of Fig. 1 as seen toward the left. Fig. 5 shows a modification of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 1s a section showing packing means in connection with a sliding breech bolt, wherein there 1s employed a sliding cartridge chamber in combination with a fixed barrel. Fig. 7 is a sectional detail showing the arrangement of the foldable handle on the rear part of the breech bolt. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through the bPeech bolt head .and Fig. 9 is a cross-section thereof at that part where the automatic safety device is provided on the firing pin. Figs. 10 and 11 are longitudinal sectional views of another safety device in combination with the spring controlled latch for the purpose of making the safety position of the cocked hammer independent of the actual position of the latch and the position Vof the `breech bolt. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of the magazine (Fig. 1) on an enlarged scale and Fig. 13 is a cross-section'throug'h the magazine on the scale of Fig. 12 takenon the line F-F of Fig. 12.

In Fig. 1, 10 is the casing for guiding the breech-bolt of the re arm which casing extends rearwardly into the gunstock, 9 is the sliding barrel and 8El is the breech bolt consisting of several pieces and provided in the usual manner with extractor X. The breech bolt 8*@l is normally pressed forward by the breech closing spring 12y provided in the neck of the gunstock and moves into the locking position as shown, whereupon the top cartridge is pushed out of the magazine into the cartridge chamber. An extension 118 called a barrel extension is secured to the sliding barrel and so arranged that it can slide back with the breech bolt 8a within the casing 10. yBy the pressure of a strong brake-spring 11, which extends between a lug 9x of the barrel 9 and the casing 10 the sliding barrel 9 with extension 118 is held forward.

The locking member of the sliding breech bolt as shown consists, for example, of a prismaticshaped latch l1; Vthis latch is adapted to slide up and ,down perpendiculai-ly in a prismatic recess between the barrel lugs 4 5 ot the extension 118 with locking lfaces perpendicular to the barrel core; the

5 said lat-ch has side shoulders 2 and 3 (Flgs.

4 and 5) with inclines and is under the action of a spring 6, which has the tendency to force latch 1 into vthe recess 7 of the breech bolt 8a. The said side shoulders 2 and 3 are 10 adapted to eifect, at the proper time, by running against fixed incllnes 17 of the casing 10 a positive downward movement of the latch 1 against the action of the spring. Moreover, by the provision of an outwardy extending handle or grip 52, which, accor ing to Fig. 4, may be formed as a part of the spring 6, the latch 1 may be brought out of engagement byV hand. As shown 1n the modification according to Fig. 5, the handle 20 52a may also be formed as a lateral projection or extension of the latch 1.

With regard `to theiring means, a hammer 133 is provided, which` is adapted to rot-ate on a stud 136- and is controlled by a hair trigger 124, 126. When pulling the trigger, the hammer advances against a firing pin (Fig. 4), which is not shown in Fig. 1, so as not to render the breech bolt arrangement indistinct. Y l Y It is advantageous, for the purpose of shortening the re arm, to form the breech bolt of several sections or parts 8*1 8b 8d, as

shown in Fig. 1. These parts are art-iculated at 119, 120 and only the front part 8a of the` breech bolt proper is guided rectilinearly in the axial direction of the barrel bore when during the recoil, thebarrel or cartridge chamber and breech bolt 8 are interlocked. The rear parts, and especially the part 8d, are adapted to move in a curved guide (Fig. 1) which extends rearwardly through the gunstock neck with the necessary depression below the sighting line.

In order to prevent the hand being hurt,

the handle 162 is adapted to be folded within the breech bolt 8a, as shown in Fig. 7. The handle is pivoted at 163 lon the part 8d and is under the action of a torsional spring 164, whereby normally in the folded position, it can be kept iiush withthe side of the part 8d or with the right outer wall of the casing 10. 'Fig 7 Yshows the projecting or operative position of the handle 162 limited by means of astop or the like.

The closing and locking means above described operate in the followin manner: As soon as the 'breech bolt 8a recolls, it takes with it through the medium of the latch 1 the barrel extension 118 screwed to the barrel 9. When the breech bolt 6a with latch 1 and barrel 9 has recoiled a short distance within the casing-in which case the barrel closing and brake vspring 11, the breech closing spring 12 also acting as brake spring,

and the hammerj133 are tensioned-and the gas pressure is no longer too strong, the side l shoulders 2, 3 of the latch 1 run against the inclined unlocking faces 17 of the casing 10 (Fig. l). After the recoil and a complete withdrawalof the gas, the latch 1 will be 70 moved out of the recess or depression 7 of the breech bolt 8a. The breech bolt 8a continues its rearward movement alone, whereupon the closing spring 12 and the hammer are completely tensioned. As its recoil movement is limited by the stop 20 in the casing 10, the barrel 9 returns to the forward position under the pressure of the spring 11. The latch 1 sliding within the barrel lugs 4,

5y will be taken along and pressed upward by 80 the locking spring. When the breech bolt 8 has moved suicientlyvfar behind the cartridge so that the latterl may have time toI rise'by the carrier spring,.the recoil of the' breech bolt will be limitedby the stop 2O 85 (Fig. V1) of the casing 10. ,The breech bolt y 8a, which pushes the cartridge out lof the magazineV into the barrelv and depresses the latch 1, is brought into the firing position by the spring 12. Aszsoon as therecess 7 of '90 the breech bolt is op osite the `latch 1, the latter springs into t erecessthrough the power of the. locking spring- 6. The advan-A tage of this locking consists'in that barrel y and breech bolt can advance independently of each o ther so that notwithstanding a retardation ofthe barrel or the breech bolt,- the locking may still take place.

' By means of the herein described locking arrangement'provided with handle 52, it is possible in case of need to etlect an unlocking vdirect-ly by hand without the necessity of causing a rearwardmovement of the barrel against the powerful action ofthe brake spring. The handle 52 protruding from the 105 casing (in the arrangement, according to Figs. 1 and 4) does not take part in the rear- 'ward and forward movement of the latch 1 but engages in a longitudinal groove or hook of the latch. As the latch 1 is also beveled 110 below in the same directing path, in which it 'moves downward obliquely during the unlocking, the handle 52 does not take part in the upward and downward movement of the latch 1 even in the unlockingV movement ,115

after the shot.

The Y locking means, as heretofore described, must'becompleted by a latch arresting device, which, when the latch is not engaged l locks the gun, for it would be dangerous to life, if, through lack of a positive locking, the latch does not catch through inaction of the spring, dirt or the like. In the constructional form explainedwith reference to Figs. 8 and 9, this latch arresting device is 125 also constructed as tiring pin arresting device.

A spiral spring 102 (Figs. 8 and 9) A presses in a vertical bore downward upon the arresting bolt 100, which vis adapted to slide swam:

my firing. pinis locked; against forwardl movement. As. soonA as lthe latchl enters the. recess 7, it lifts thearresting bolt'100 againstr the spring 10Q-'so thatthe lu of: the firing pin can freely advancelun er. the annularreinforcement 103". In this unlocked posif tion, the arresting bolt 100 projects upwardly out of the plug 103; the arrestingvbolt 100 also guides the spring 102 and is under the action of the cam 220 onthe casin .for the purpose of a positive sa et being supported by the spring 102.

y the spring 176 toward the path of the.

The special arrangement of a box magazine is shown in Figs. 12-andl3 as belonging to the constructional form according-to Fig. :1i This box magazine permits.. the lemploment of various cartridges, for instance, ri e cartridges withoutrim, and shot cartridges with rim. The magazine is tobecharged from below and is foldable; this has the advantage that in the case. of a closed breech bolt 8L and without also charging acartridge frame either several cartridges canbe char ed simultaneously by means of the cartri ge clip or the cartridgescan be filled singlyand that when filling, 1t is not necessary to open the breech bolt and that when opening the same, an undischarged cartridge will notbe ejected.' The ma azine hasl a carrier 173 (Figs. 12,- 13) which is rigidly secured to a shaft 1711. This shaft is rotatably mounted to spread and whose eye 1s placed over the stud 177 is supported by its lower arm on the stud 178. Its upper arm is articulatedaty 180, which is articulated atv 179 to the link its lower end at 181 to the carrier 173. In this manner, the carrier 173 is always moved breech bolt 81.

The cover closing s rin 182 (Fig. 13), p g

which is formed, mounted. and

operates llke 176, is located beside the car.

rier spring 176 and' is also linked to the coverl 1811 by a link 183. The cover 184; turns freely on the shaft 174, becauseI its movement' must be independent of that'o'fthe carrier 173 with its rigidly secured shaft y174. In..

this manner, the carrier [173 may be `de.-

pressed and raised silently against'the ac- .A tion of thel carriervspring 176 by means off carrier when open#l the handle 175. Ifthe ing from. the uppermost position, bears against the cover 184C, itwill alsotake the flatter with it, whereby the cover will also the arresting bolt IOOfhaaan an#v (Fig. 1)'M whilev inthe sides of the magazine. A handle 17 5.

1be-,o`pen'ed Inth'e openpcsitiomxtlie carrier andthe dvepare statibnary. if the ruler-ums -179,.181,'174:(Fig. 12): arein: a strai ht line inthedead-.point posit-ion. It is a visable whenopeningf--to o lgia-beyond the.) dead-point. The resultingl ten ency: oft the; carrier and the cover'ftoopen still farther is limited by la-.stop, for, instanoe,.by the links 180 and 183 bearing against therotatingshaft 17a., By pressure exertedojnzthe cover, this coverV and the. carrier willzbereleased' from the deadfpointp'ositionandI advance into the closing position, which. canbe'elted silently by 'operating thehandle'.

' A box magazinewhich, by means of its when 1t 1s= ushed outof the magazine by {the-breech olt,.ca.n only-secure the rim in the case of a cartridge with rim and this cartridge. tilts upwardly in front. In order 1 Ato avoid this, the sides of the magazine may have-suitable means,.in order to secure the front rimless` part-,off the cartridge upwardly Iby. a-iiangeand tdfpermit the passage of the -thicker cartridge 'rim. The cartridge rim may; be .secured'fbehind' rigidly or elastically by` al flange '187 andduring the forward movement.- by the breech boit 8, the said cartridge-rim may be lp ositively guided on lan incline 219. (Eig: 12) against each side of the magazine into theextraotor or any other guiding means onthezmovable head 8a.

Instead of, arranging the herein described sliding barrel, itjina'y'be arranged in combination with a slidlng cartridge chamber, .which is adapted to -move behind the barrel :end (apart therefrom). Such form of congtion, Fig. 6. Intls case 8z is a breech bolt imade in one-piece,1the latch, 6 the spring for operating the; latch and 4 and 5 are ithe guidelugs. .4 The-latter do not form one piece with-the .barrel 9, which is fixed onthe casing 10, but .with-the cartridge chamber", iwhich is apart separable from t-he barrel. ,'The brake-spring 11, which is adapted to gextend, is supported rearwardly on the casing 10 vand forwardly on a collar 10?, carried by a rod or barlOy, which is fixed to the ycartridge chamber -Qband can also uide the ibrake, springll; -On; the recoil o -the car- .itridge chamber :,:the brake spring llvwill there'fo're bec` tractedf and tensioned. A pecnliar melting means consisting Vof a 'hollow... cy 9d jfprovided at the part Awhich separate hereca theabarrelgg '-fT-.Qoilof the cartridge chamber' 9"," thev said hollow cylinder prevents thisI passagerof the powder gases between the 4cartridge -chamber 9b and casing 110'.y The--operatiozrzoathis closing and locking -mechanism' E'provided with sliding Vcartridge-chamber is the same as the operation upper Hangs canv guide the rimless cartridge,

lockingmechanism in combination withy a4 struction is shown'by--fthe longitudinal sec-A rtridge chamber)b and A and'V -11` andlco'nstructed iii-"the4 followin manner: The latch ,1, when: not. engage e with'jthe breech; b'oltzBi -1 depresses the front '-whengthe. hammer 133 :moves forward, be-r cause this hammer hits it in a line passing 2,5.

.and' 1 1) f, Whichoscillates'- vertically. on the y in 32 'secured horizontall in thecasing 10. 21511.

fllns'safety member-33. oscillates on the pin 34.lsccured horizontally-intim casing 10. ,W-hen'fthe :safet member 33'occupies1the member about lits pivot 34 is 'exercised by thehammer.' vThe blowlof the hammer is Figi: The advantage-iis. thatV the precision...

.tained as Well asithe new,'lockir 'g, n1ethd.i *nother modicatioiof themeansforsesi" curingor arresting .the latch when the breechv4 bolt 8p"- is closed .and the latch-fisin'otengaged and ialso l:for -securingithe -hammer :when the breechbolt is noticlos'edg-'s shownin Figs. 10

arm-of meuble-amai laver .er (Figs. 1o.

ith lits rear end, the sai lever-lifts-freely, horizontalslateral abutment, =a safety mem er-33ans' Soon. as; the latchV 1 does not ge in.7= andthusdepresses its front arm;

position .shoWnL-in Fig. 10 it. cannot yield throughits pivot 34, and consequently notur'ning moment tending to rotate the safety taken upby the memberl 33, sothat the firing-pin is not Vdriven forward.v This however happens only when the non-enga ed latch 1 has lifted the rear arm of thel safty member 33 bymeans of the lever 31, for-the hammer has lon 4its front side a vrecess 36,.-v Wliich fits over the rear arm of thesafety member 33 when this arm is brought by the spring 37 into its lower-position? when the. latch is. engaged. The safety member33 is however not only under.. the control of the latch v 1 but also .under that of the breech bolt8", because. the safety member 33 onlyreleases the hammer when the breech bolt 8l has terminated itsforward movement. For this urpose,.there is mounted in the safety a lie-41mm received'f-by tlic rear bottomfedge of the breech'bl y ...clagix'nyiandz desire secure" by LettersrfPatentfisu-:. z ,-1. In*anautomaticsmallsarm; the combination of--a casingfa cartridge Vn'chamber slidable" thereinysaid 'gchamber having. an

extension, ,a breech-:bolt slidable inthe casing, a latchV normally locking fithevsaid breechsbolt 4With 'thefsfaid extension ofqthel75 s cartridge chamber, a spring normally pressav ing the latch into its locked positlon, and

a. h andle independent. of the' breech-bolt :and extending .through .the casing for releasing said latch from its position loclng the breech-bolt, -vvithoutv moving the car- ;tridge chamber to .the rear. v

2." In an automatic -small-arm, the combination ofra casing, `aicartridge .chamber slidabletherein, said' chamber having an extension, `a breech-bolt slidable in the casing, a latch normally locking the said breechbolt with-the said extension of the slidable cartritlge chamber, a spring'normally pressjing the latch into .its locked position, a handle for'releasng,said-latch from its positionlocking the breechbolt,vvithout mov ing the cartridge chamber to the rear, and'- :a handle mounted on. the 'breech-bolt' for retracting the same. :y 3L ln anJautolnatic small-arm, the combi- Enation of a casin a 'cartridge chamber slidable thereimsai chamber having. an eX- tension, a breech-bolt slidable in the casing, t

2a. latch normally locking the said breechbolt with the said extension of thecartridge chamber', 'a spring normally pressing the latch into its locked position, a handle indef- -pendent of the breech-bolt and extending through the casing for releasing said'latch from its position locking. the breech-bolt, gwithout. moving the cartridge` chamber -to ica 'the rear,' anda handle mounted on the :breech-bolt for retracting the saire.

45' mem er 33: avertically oscillating awl 38,

which, Whenthe breech bolt. 8* recolls, positively escapes in front of the same (Fig. 11) butas Soon as the breech bolt leaves the pawl rearwardly, the pa-Wl oscillates by means of 50' thespring. 39 into the pathjof .the breech bolt 8x. As the-pa'wl- 38 vin the safety 'member 33 cannot escape forwardly,when it is'4 positively forced vout of the path of the ad-l vancing' breech ,bolt,.jthe pavvl positively takes with *it the safety .member 33 so that 4. In van automatic small-arm, the combination of a casing, Va .cartridge chamber: `slidable therein, said chamber havingan exi gtension, a breech-bolt slidable in the casing, said breechbolt having a recess, a latch locking'the sai-dy breech-bolt`-vvith the said iextension of the cartridgechamber, a spring normally'pressing the latch into said recess, landa handle independent of the breech-.bolt and extending through the casing j for. releasing said latch from its position locking 55 izo .rearwardlybeyond therear en'd of the .breech the recess 36 of the 'hammer :does not coineide therewith.' Butrvvhen the lforward movement of the.l breech. bolt 8x is .terminated,u it relea ses the pawl 38 so that the safety member '33 is brought by'v its spring 37 in front ofthe recess 3.6 lof the hammer.

that the ls'aetymember 33 does :not .protrude the breech-bolt, Without moving the 'cartridge chamber tothe rear.

5. In an automatic small-arm, the'combi- -natiomwith a casing, of a breech-bolt having a recess slidable therein, .a spring the rear end of the lcasing tending'to' drive the breech-bolt to the front end thereof, a

latch larranged transversely of Ithe casing. and having an" upper face slanting dovvn-' Ward from thefront tothe rear' of the casv ing, 1a second spring normally pressing the latch into said recess, and a handle extending through the casing for releasing said latch from the breech-bolt against the action of the latter spring.

6. In an automatic s lall-arm, the combination with a casing having a slanting unlocking face, of a breech-bolt having a recess slidable in the casing, a latch normally in front of said unlocking face, a spring normally pressing the latch into the recess, said latch having a lateral shoulder adapted to coact with the said unlocking face when the latch is driven toward the rear end of the casing whereby the breech-bolt is released, and a handle independent of the breech-bolt and extending throughthe casing for releasing said latch in its normal position from the breech-bolt.

7. In an automatic small-arm the combination of a casing, a cartridge chamber slidable therein, said chamber having an extension, a breech-bolt slidable in the casing, said breech-bolt having a recess, a latch locking the said breech-bolt with the said extension of the slidable cartridge chamber, .a spring mounted on the casing normally pressing the latch into said recess, and a handle independent of the breech-bolt and extending through the casing for releasing said latch from its position locking the breech-bolt, without` moving the cartridge chamber tothe rear. p

8. In an automatic small-arm the combination of a casing, a cartridge chamber slidable in the front end thereof, said chamber having an extension, a breech-bolt slidable in the casing and guided in the extension of the said chamber, the front end of the breech-bolt being normally completely surrounded by the extension of the said chamber, said breech-bolt having a recess, a latch normally projecting into said recess and a handle independent of the breechbolt and extending through said casing `for driving 4said spring, removing the latch from' the recess and unlocking the breechbolt from the chamber, `without moving the cartridge chamber to the rear.

9. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of a cartridge chamber having an extension slidable in the front end thereof, a breech-bolt having a recess and guided in the extension of the said chamber, the front -end of the breech-bolt being normally completely surrounded by the extension of the said chamber, a spring in the rear end of the casing tending to hold the end of the breech-bolt in the extension of the said chamber, a latch arranged transversely of the casing and having an upper face slanting downward from the front to the rear of the casing said latch normally projectingA into said recess and locking the breech-bolt to the chamber, a

'spring normally pressing said latch into said recess, and a handle independent of the breech-bolt and extending through said casing for driving said spring, removing the latch from the recess and unlocking the breech-bolt from the chamber.

10. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of a cartridge chamber having an extension slidable in the front end thereof, a breech-bolt having a recess and guided in the extension of the said chamber, the front end of the breech-bolt being normally completely surrounded by the said chamber, a spring in the rear end of the casing tending to hold the end of the breech-bolt in the extension of the said chamber, a latch arranged transversely of the casing and having an upper face slanting downward from the front to the rear of the casing said latch normally projecting into said recess and locking the breech-bolt to the chamber, a spring normally pressing said latch into said recess, said casing having a slanting unlocking face, said latch being normally located in front of said unlocking face and having a lateral shoulder adapted to coact with the unlocking face for releasing the breech-bolt when the latch is driven toward the rear end of the casing, and a handle mounted on the casing and extending through said casing for driving said spring, removing the latch from the recess and unlocking the breech-bolt from the chamber.

11. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of-a barrel xed thereto, said barrel having an annular groove 'at the outer periphery of its rear end, a cartrid e chamber slidable in said casing and having a cup-shaped front end constituted by one single annular relatively ve `thin projection at the outer periphery 't ereof normally entering into said groove of the barrel, said very thin Y. annular projection bearing against the rear part of the barrel during the gas-pressure without being subjected to bending stain when the cart-ri e chamber moves to the rear, a breech-bo t normally closing the rear end of said chamber and constantly located behind the cartridge chamber, and locking means normally j locking the breech -bolt to said cartridge chamber.

12. In an automatic small-arm, the combination of a casing having a rectilinear front portion and a rear portion descending to the rear below the line of sight, a cartridge chamber having an extension in said front portion, a barrel in alinement with the said chamber, a breech-bolt comprising a front rectilinear member and a rear member pivotally connected thereto, the said front member'being normally located in the extension of the cartridge chamber, and the rear member being normally located behind the rear 'tion lowered to the rear below the line ofV Y sight, and locking means which lock -solely the said frontv member of the breech-bolt with the' said cartridge-chamber extenslon.

13. In an automatic small-arm the combination of a 'casing having a rectilinear front portion and a rear portion descending to the rear below the line of sight, ya cartridge chamber having an extension'in Vthe said front portion, a barrel in alinement with said chamber, a breech-bolt comprising a front rectilinear member and a rear member pivotally connected therewith, the said front member being completely Surrounded in the firing position by the said extension, and therear member being normally located behind the rear end of the extension and lowered in the firing position to the rear below the line `of sight, and locking means which lock solely the said front member of the breech-bolt to the said cartridge-chamber extension.

Y 14. In an `automatic small-arm, the combination of a casinghaving a rectilinear front portion and a rear portion lowered toward the rear under the line of sight, a cartridge chamber having an extension in said front portion, and a barrel in alinementl with the said chamber; a breech-bolt comprising a front rectilinear member, an intermediate member pivotally connected therewith and a rear member pivotally connected to the intermediate member, said front member being normall located in said cartridge chamber, and sald rear member being normally located behind the rear end of the said eX- Ltension, and locking means normally locking the breech-bolt to said cartridge cham- 15. Inan automatic small-arm, the combination of a casing having a rectilinear front portion and a rear portion descending to the rear under the line of sight, a cartridge chamber'having an extenslon in said front portion, and a barrel in alinement with said chamber; a breech-bolt comprising a front rectilinear member, an intermediate member pivotally connected therewith and a rear member pivotally connected to the intermediate member, the said front member being normally located at the rear of the rear end of said extension, and locking means which lock alone the said front member of the breech-bolt with said cartridge-chamber extension.

16. In an automatic small-arm, the combination of a casing having a rectilinear front portion and a rear portion descending rearwardly under the line of sight, a cartridge chamber having an extension in said front portion, a barrel in alinement with said chamber, a breech-bolt comprising a Vfront rectilinear member and a rear member pivotally-connected therewith, the said 'spring tending to kee front member beinvr normally located in said extension, and sai rear member being norv mally located rearwardly of the rear end of said extension, and locking means which lock alone thel said front member of the breech bolt with said extension, a' magazine opening. into the casing, a stop on the casing for the cartridge'chamber infront of the magazine, and a trigger located directly at the rear of the rea-r end of the magazine.y 75

17., In an automatic small-arm, the combination4 with a lhollow breech-bolt, of a. folding handle" fulcrumed therein, and a the handle folded down, the outer face o l'thehandle bei gmin the plane of the surface of' the breechlt in the folded-down position of the handle.

18. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of aA cartridge. chamber extension therein, 'a breech-bolt having a recess slidable in said extension and in said casing, a spring-pressed latch normally enterin into said recess` and lockin the breecholt to said chamber, a shoul ered tiring-pin movable in'said breech-bolt, and a iring-pin safety device mounted in said breech-bolt', said device being adapted to arrest the firing-pin and prevent the same operating when the locking end of said latch is partially or wholly out of said recess.

19. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of a cartridge chamber extension therein, a breech-bolt having a recess slidable in said extension and in said casing, a spring-pressed latch normally entering into said recess and locking the breechbolt to said chamber, a shouldered firingpin movable in said breech-bolt, and a downwardly spring-pressed shouldered safety pin mounted in said breech-bolt and terminatlng at the top side of said breech-bolt and at said recess, the shoulder of the safety pin being adapted to coact with the shoulder of the firing-pin when the end of the safety pin projects into said recess.

20. In an automatic small-arm, the combination with a casing, of a cartridge chamber extension therein, a breech-bolt having a recess slidable in said .extension and in said casing, a spring-pressed latch normally entering into said recess and locking the breechbolt to said chamber, a shouldered ring-pin movable in said breech-bolt, and a firingpin safety device mounted in said breechbolt, said device being adapted to arrest the ring-pin and prevent the same operating when the locking end of said latch is partially or wholly out of said recess, the said casing having a slanting face adapted positively to drive the safety pin into its lock- '125 ing position when the end of lthe safety pin projects beyond the top of the breech-bolt when passing said slanting face.

'21.' In an automatic small-arm, the combination of a casing having a rectilinear '130 front portion and a rear ortion descending rearwardly to below the hne of sight, a cartridge chamber in said front portion, a barrel in alinement with said chamber, a breechbolt comprising a front rectilinear member and a rear member plvotally connected therewith, said front member being normally located in said extension, and said rear member being normally located rearwardly of the rear end of said extension, a magazine located in the firing position under the said rear member and having a Yspring-pressed downwardly-opening bottom, a horizontal axle mounted in 'the magazine,

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