US1517483A

US1517483A - Firearm

Info

Publication number: US1517483A
Application number: US476171A
Authority: US
Inventors: Franklin K Young
Original assignee: YOUNG GUN Co
Current assignee: YOUNG GUN Co
Priority date: 1921-06-09
Filing date: 1921-06-09
Publication date: 1924-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 1941-12-02

Description

Dec. 2, M924.

F. K. YOUNG FIREARM Filed June `9 Dec, 2, E924.

F. K. YOUNG FIREARM 3 Shoots-Shoot 3 Filed June 9. 1921 NvENJml/I ATM/5;

Patented Dec. 2, 1924.

UNHIED STATES PATENT OFFHQE.

FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, OF WINTHROP, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNO'R TO YOUNG GUN COMPANY, OF DOVER, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FREARM.

Application led June 9, 1921. Serial N'o. 476,171.

To rf/ 'ir/mm 'it may concern:

Bo it known that I, FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, residing at IVinthrop. county of Suffolk. Sta-te of Massachusetts. have linvented a certain new and useful Im1novement in Firearms. of which the following is a specification. reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to a new and useful improvement in tire arms. It relates especially to that class of tire arms in which the breech mechanism' is movable toward and from the barrel and which employs a bolt head.l an inertia member, and a sleeve for the bolt head and inertia member. In all lire arms of this character heretofore made. so far as known to me. the bolt head is only partly contained wit-hin the sleeve and has a forward portion which is at all times out- .side of the sleeve. One feature of the present invention consists in providing such a eoustruction that the bolt head and the inertia member are both entirely contained within the sleeve at all times during all the various movements of the parts. Another feature ot' the invention consists in providing au inertia member which is entirely contained within the sleeve and is not integral with any other part of the gun. Another feature of the invention relates to the bolt plug and its relation to the inertia member. A\uother feature of the invention relates to the retraetor mechanism. Another feature consists in providing a plurality of air chambers within the cylinder or sleeve. The invention will be fully understood from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. and the novel features thereof will be pointed out and clearly defined in the claims at the close of this specification.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a view in eleration partly broken away of a riie haviug improvements embodying the invention applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a plan view ot the parts shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal. vert-ical section of the rifle, showing the parts in the position they occupy when the gun is about to be fired.

Fig 4 is a plan view partly in section of the parts shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the bolt and cooperating parts in their most rearward position.

Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 of Fig.

Fig. 7 is a section taken on line 7 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line 8 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a detail view of the sleeve.

Fig. 1() is a detail view of the bolt head.

Fig. .11 is a detail view of the inertia member.

Fig. 12 is a detail view ot the bolt plug.

Fig. 13 is a view showing the retractor mechanism.

Referring now to the drawings, 10 represents the stock, 11 the barrel, and 12 the receiver or frame which contains and supports the breech mechanism of the re arm. In the rear part of the barrel 11 is the cartridge chamber 13 in which is shown in Figure 3 a cartridge 14 ready for firing. Underneath thc receiver and connected therewith is the magazine 15 containing cartridges 14, and behind the magazine is 'the trigger case 16 and the trigger 17 aud the mechanism pertaining thereto. Mounted within the receiver 12 is the sleeve 1S which is both reciprocable and rotatable and is provided at its forward ends with locking lugs 9 9, which in the forward position of the locking sleeve, that is, in the firing position as shown in Figures 1 and 3. enter an annular recess 2 within the receiver and engage at their rear ends with av shoulder 4 formed in the wall of the receiver at the rear end of the recessed portion 2 to hold the said locking sleeve locked in its *frward position. The receiver isA formed with longitudinal slots -70, (see Figure 8) in its sides rearwardly of the shoulder 4 to receive the flocking lugs and permit it to slide realrwardly when the sleeve is rotated throughas will be hereinafter described.

A member 3, which I term the bolt head.

forward portion 3n of the largest diameter.

an intermediate portion 3" of lesser diameter, and the rear or neck portion .3 of

smallest diameter, said bolt head being lon gitudinally reciprocable. When in its forward position its front end bears against the rear end lof the cartridge 14 when the cartridge isseated within the firing chamber. The said bolt head has a limited sliding movement within the sleeve and also bodily reciprocates with the sleeve itself when the sleeve moves longitudinally. A cylindrical portion of the ksleeve within which the said bolt head is slidable is formed with three interior diameters forming three cylindricalrecesses corresponding with the three diameters of the bolt head. The forward cylindrical recess in which the larger diameter ofthe bolt head is con-- tained is longer than the forward portion of the bolt headof the largest diameter so that when the bolt head is in the forward end of the sleeve, there will be an annular air chamber 22 between the shoulder 5 on the rear end of the large portionof the bolt head and the shoulder 6 at the rear end of the recess in which the saidforward end of the bolt head moves. The recess in which the intermediate portion 3b slides extends rearwardly of the rear end of thev said intermediate portion when the bolt head is in its forward position, thus leaving an annular air chamber 25 between the rear end 'of said intermediate portion 3b and the shoulder 7 of the receiver. These air chambers 25 and 22 are closed at all times and form air cushions to absorb the shock and retardthe of the bolt head is a member 27 which I term an inertia member. This is an entirely separate member from the bolt head but is in'contact therewith. It is contained entirely within the sleeve and is not integral with any other part of the gun.

Said inertia member is held within the sleeve and secured thereto by a plug 28 which passes transversely through the oppo sitely disposed cam slots 32 in the sleeve 1S and through the front solid portion of the inertia member 27, one end of the plug being secured to the retractor arm 29. It is clearly shown in Figure 4 as passing through a' lug on the retractor arm and is fitted therein. The 'other end of the plug is provided with a T-shaped head 30 which is noncircular in end view as shown in Figure 7, and slides in a longitudinal channel 3.1. (see Figure 7) in the inside of the receiver,

which thus serves as a guide and prevents the inertia member from rotating or turning onits axis. The forward portion of each of the cam slots is straight and parallel with the axis of the sleeve and its rear porure 4) the shank of the extractorbeing set Y into a longitudinal groove in the periphery of the bolt head and projecting through ak longitudinal slot in the lperiphery of the sleeve 18, the forward end of the extractor being provided with a lip or jaw 37 which engages with the flange of the cartridge 14 in the firing chamber in welleknown manner.

The forward end of the bolt. head is always entirely enclosed within the sleeve, its forward end neverprojecting in front of the forward end of the sleeve even when it is at the foremost point in its movement, as shown in Figures Sand 4.

The tiring pin 38 passes loosely through` a cylindrical aperture in the bolt head 3 and through the inertia member 27, and extends to the` rearward of the said inertia member.'V It also passes transversely through the plug 28, said plug being formed with a transverse aperture in the enlarged portion 33 for theloose passage of the firing pin, so that the firing pin can have a sliding movement with relation to the plug as well as with relation to the bolt head and inertia member. The inertia member is formed with a longitudinal recess 71 in its rear portion of considerably larger diameter than the iring pin, said recess forming a chamber for a spring 39 which is coiled around the firing pin. One end of said spring is seated on a circular flange 40 formed on the firing pin, and the other end is seated on an apertured disk 41 which forms a head at the rear end of the sleeve through which the firing pin passes. On the rear end of the iring pin is mounted the firing pin latch 42. which has a downwardly extending tail portion 43 which is engaged by the sear 44 of the trigger mechanism. See Figure 3.

lVhen the firing pin is in its rearward position. as shown in Figure 3, the firing pin latch is engaged by the rear side of the scar 44 and the firing pin spring 39 is conA tracted ready to drive the {iring pin forward when the trigger is pulled to release the sear 44.

The retractor 29 has a longitudinal slid ing movement in a guideway formed b v a longitudinal slot in the side of the receiver.

safety lug 60 is provided on the sleeve to guide'the sleeve in its rectilinear movelill ment after the sleeve has been rotated to bring the lug on the upper side. The lug will then travel in the groove 69 in the receiver and cover, the cover not being shown in the drawings.

The re-tractor has a peculiar link connection with the retractor spring as follows See Figures 1, Q and 13.

The retractor spring 61 is coiled around a rod 62, the rear end of which is supported rod, the said arm 65 being chambered outl suiciently to receive the spring, the forward end of the spring being seated upon a shoulder at the apertured forward end of the arm where the rod passes through. The outwardly extending arm 66 of the said link enters a recess in the retractor arm 29 and is connected therewith bya pin 67.

After the explosion, the retractor arm moves rearwardly by the rearward movement of the locking sleeve 18 with which it is connected by the plug, and it carries back with. it the link 65 which thereby compresses the spring 61 and stores up energy in the spring. which immediately upon the completion of `the rearward movement throws the link 65 forward and thereby carries with it the reti-actor arm 29.

ln the firing position as shown in Figures l. 3 and l. the bolt sleeve 18 is locked to the receiver by the locking lugs on the forward end of the sleeve in the manner already described. The retractor mechanism is fully advanced by the retractor spring` ln'inging the bolt plug t28 to its most forward position and therefore bringing*v the bolt head 3 to its most forward position. and bringing the. forward end of the inertia member 9.7 to its most forward position and in contact with the rear end of the bolt head neck, the cartridge 14 being full)r inserted in the cartridge chamber by the last forward movement of thc inertia.- nwmber and the bolt head; the forward end of the bolt head is still entirely within the Isleeve. The rim of the artridge is held by thc liaw of the extractor and the base of the cartridge is in contact with the front VI'ace ot' the bolt head. As a result of the forward movement of the bolt the firing pin latchA 4Q has impinged upon the rear -cnd of the sear as shown in Figure 3,

thus cocking and holding cocked the firing pin.

Upon the explosion of the cartridge, the shock of the explosion is transmitted by and through thev base of the shell to the face of the bolthead and thence along the neck of the bolt head to the forward end of the inertia member', which latter is thrown violently to the rear carrying with it the bolt plug which extends through the cam paths of the sleeve. lVhile the plug travels through the straight lineal portion of the slots 32. the inertiav member will move straight backward while the sleeve remains stationary.

The plug is kept in its lineal path by reason of its T-sbaped head engaging with the channel 31 in the inner periphery of the receiver. As soon as the plug reaches the inclined part. of the slots 3Q, it causes the sleeve to rotate through 90". The rotation of the sleeve releases the locking lugs from the recess in the receiver, and then the sleeve is carried straight rearward with the inertia member and bolt head by reason of the plug engaging the end of the slots 32. The bolt head and inertia member and sleeve are carried back to their extreme limit, thus compressing the retractor spring 61 and drawing the retractor arm to its rcarmost position.

lVhen the rearward movement of the sleeve ceases, the retractor spring exerts its full force and immediately returns the bolt head and inertia member and tiring pin to the. original firing position. the tiring pin latch being engaged by the Sear to stop the firing pin while the sleeve` inertia member and bolt head continue a little further forward.

lVhen the bolt sleeve has reached nearly .its extreme rear position, the ejector enters the horizontal slot in one of the locking lugs and engage-s the rim of the tired cartridge case which is still held against the face-of the bolt head by the extractor and ejects the shell from the receiver.

0n the forward movement of the sleeve, the lower portion of the bolt head engages the rim of a fresh cartridge projecting upward from the magazine as positioned by the magazine follower 68, and carries the same forwardly and inserts it in the chamber of the barrel.

Bv havingthe bolt head entirely within the sleeve at all times, it is better protected 'from rust..l dirt and residue from powder.

lt also enables the provision of two annular air chambers between the, bolt head and the lsleeve which is not possible where the enlarged forward end of the bolt head pror`jects beyond the front end of the sleeve, as

is the case in said prior patent granted to me, No. 1,157.7 50. The employment of two air chambers is a great mechanical improvement as it renders the cushion effect much more effective and more stable.

One great advantage of having the inertia lll member independent and entirely contained within the sleeve, is that it enables the parts to be much more compact, shortening up the length ot' thel breech mechanism and affords great gain in facility of operation and low cost of construction.

1. In a firearm, a slidable and rotatable sleeve, a cam path in said sleeve, a firing pin passing through said sleeve and carried thereby, a retractor arm, a plug carried by the retractor arm and engaging with the cam path in the sleeve, whereby said sleeve is rotated during the movement of the retractor arm, and locking means with which said sleeve is brought into engagement by its rotation, said plug being transversely apertured for the passage of the firing pin.

2. A firearm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin passing loosely through said inertia memberand bolt head, said bolt head, inertia member and ring pin being movable bodily together with the said sleeve and also movable longitudinally with relation to said sleeve, the said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a retractor extending alongside of the barrel and sleeve, a plug extending transversely through said slots and through the inertia member and being secured to said retractor, and a spring connected with said retractor which is put under tension during the rearward movement of the breech mechanism after the explosion and which carries the breech mechanism forward to firing position after the end of the rearward movement.

3. A re arm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing .said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin passing loosely through said inertia member and bolt head, said bolt head, i11- ertia member and firing pin being movable bodily together with the said sleeve and also movable longitudinally with relation to said sleeve, the said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a retractor extending alongside of the barrel and sleeve, a plug extending transversely through said slots and through the inertia. member and being secured to said retractor, and a spring connected with said retractor which isput under tension during the rearward 'movement of the breech mechanism after the explosion and which carries the breech mechanism forward to tiring position after the end of the rear-- ward movement, said plug being formed with a T-shaped head, a receiver for the breech mechanism having a longitudinal channel with which said T-shaped head engages during its forward and backward movement, and forms a guide therefore.

4. A fire arm having a .barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a liring pin passing loosely through said inertia member and bolt head, said bolt head, inertia member and firing pin being movable bodily together with the said sleeve and also movable longitudinally with relation to said sleeve, the said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a retractor extending alongside of the barrel and sleeve, a plug extending transversely through said slots and through the inertia member and being secured to said retractor, and a spring connected with said retractor which is put under tension during the rearward movement of the breech mechanism after the explosion and which carries the breech mechanism forward to firing position after the end of the rearward movement, the said plugy having a transverse aperture in that portion which lies within the inertia member, the firing pin passing through said aperture.

A fire arm having a barrel provided with acartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear endof said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin passing loosely through said inertia member and bolt head, said bolt head, inertia member and iri'ngspin being movable bodily together with tbc-said sleeve and also movablelongitudinally with relation to said sleeve, the'said bolt head being at all times entirely enclosed within said sleeve in Vall its various positions, a retractor arm, said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a projection carried by the Said retractor arm which engages with said slots and is connected with the said inertia member, whereby the longitudinal movementV of the retractor rotates the said sleeve, means whereby the said sleeve is locked and yunlocked at certain positions in its movement, a

rod mounted parallel with the said retractor arm, a spring coiled around said rod, a slidable member mounted on said rod having a socket in which one end of said spring is seated` the other end of said spring abutting against a lixed support, and link connection between said slidable member and said retractor arm, whereby said slidable member is moved rearwardly on said rod during the rearward movement of said retractor arm, thereby giving tension to the spring, and which is movedforward by the tension of the spring, thereby moving the retractor arm forward after it has completed its rearward movement.

(3. A tire arm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, and a breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a firing pin passing loosely through said inertia member and bolt head, a reti-actor arm, connection between said inertia member and said retractor arm, whereby the retractor arm and inertia member move together,` a rod mounted parallel with said retractor arm, a spring coiled around said rod, a slidable member mounted on said rod having a socket in which one end of said spring is seated, the other end of said spring abutting against a fixed support, aA

link connection between said slidable member and said retractor arm, whereby said slidablev member is moved rearwardly on said rod during the rearward movement of said retractor arm, thereby giving tension to the spring, the slidable member then being moved forwardly by the spring, thereby moving the retractor arm forward after it has completed its rearward movement.

7. A fire arm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanis-m movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in' :ombination a bolt head which is adaptedl lo engage-a cartridge seated inthe cartridge chamber, and which is thrown rearwardly by the explosion of the cartridge, a movable inertia member at the rear lof the bolt head and which is actuated by the rearward movementof the bolt head, a firing pin which passes loosely through the inertia member and bolt head, a sleeve vin which said bolt head and inertia member are enclosed, said sleeve being movable rotatably and longitudinally, the bolt head and inertia member being movable independently of said sleeve,

` a retractor and spring, a connection between the l'etractorand inertia member, whereby the retractor is movable rearwardly audits spring put under tension by the rearward moyement of the inertia member and bolt head, means whereby the sleeve is locked in its forward position while the"bo1t`head,

inertia member and retractor are having an initial rearward movement after the explosion, and means whereby after said initial rearward movement the said connection between the retractor and inertia member rotates the sleeve and unlocks it, and then causes the sleeve'to move rearwardly with the said retractor, inertia member and bolt head.

8. A lire arm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mech- `anism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage a cartridge seated in the cartridge chamber and which is thrown rearwardly by the explosion of the cartridge, a movable inertia member at the rear of the bolt head Aand which is actuated by the rearward movement of the bolt head, a firing pin which passes loosely through the inertia member and bolt head, a sleeve in which said bolt head and inertia member are enclosed, said sleeve being movable rotatably and longitudinally, the. bolt head and eneitia member being movable independently of said sleeve, a retractor and spring therefor, a connection between the retractor and inertia member, whereby the re-tractor is movable rearwardly and its spring put under tension by the rearward movement of the inertia member and bo-lt head, means whereby the sleeve is locked in its forward position while the bolt head, inertia member and retractor are having an initial rearward movement after the explosion, and means whereby after said initial rearward movement the said connection between the retractor and inertia -member rotates the sleeve and unlocks it, and then causes the sleeve to move rearwardly with the said retractor, inert-ia member and bolt head, the orward end of said bolt head being at aL times maintained from protruding/from the forward end of .the sleeve.

9. A fire arm having a' barrel provided with a. cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said barrel, said breech mechanism having in combination a'bolt head which is adapted to engage a cartridge seated in the cartridge chamber, and which is thrown rearwardly by the explosion of the cartridge, a movable inertia member at the rear of the bolt head and which is actuated by the rearward movement of the bolt head, a firing pin which passes loosely through the inertia member and bolt head, a sleeve in which said bolt head and inertia member` are enclosed, said sleeve being movable rotatably and longitudinally, the bolt head and inertia member being movable indepen dently of said sleeve, a retractor and spring therefor, a connection between the retractor and inertia member, whereby the retractor v and retractor are having an initial rearward movementl after the explosion, and means whereby after sald 1n1t1al rearward movement the said connection between the re-` tractor and inert-ia member rotates the sleeve and unlocks it, and then causes the sleeve to move rearwardly with the `said retractor, inertia member and bolt head, the said bolt head and inertia member being entirely enclosed within said sleeve, both while stationary and while either or both are in motion. j

10. A breech mechanism. for firearms having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage'the rear end of a cartridge seated in a cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin movable with said sleeve, said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a retractor, a plug secured to said retractor and extending transversely through saidl slots and in- .ertia member and whereby the movement of the retractor' in a forward direction actuates said sleeve. j

ll. A fire arm having a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism having a bolt head movable toward and from said cartridge chamber which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said chamber, a locking sleeve which is movable toward and from said cartridge chamber, said bolt head being entirely enclosed within said sleeve and having portions of three dierent diameters, l

the said sleeve having also corresponding portions of three diferent diametersfwithin which said bolt head has a slidable tit,

' said bolt head being movable with relation to said locking sleeve, tw'o sets of annular.

- portions of lthe sleeve.

l2. -A breech mechanism for firearms having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in a cartridge chamber, an inertia member engaging vthe rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin movable with said sleeve and with relation thereto, said sleeve being formed with caml slots, a retractor, a plug secured to the retractor and extending transversely through said slots and-inertia member, said plug being formed with a T-shaped head, and a receiver for the breech mechanism having a longitudinal channel with which said T- shaped head engages during its forward and backward movement.

13. A firearm having a cartridge chamber, a breech mechanism movable longitudinally with relation to said chamber, said breech mechanism having in combination a bolt head which is adapted to engage the rear end of a cartridge seated in said chamber, an inertia member engaging the rear end of said bolt head, a sleeve loosely enclosing said bolt head and inertia member, a firing pin passing through said inertia member and the bolt head, said bolt head, inertia member and firing pin being movable bodily together with said sleeve and being also movable longit-udinally with relation to said sleeve, a retractorarm, said sleeve being formed with cam slots, a projection carried by the said retractor arm which engages with said slots whereby the longitudinal movement of the retractor rotates said sleeve, a guide member, Aa slidable member mounted on said guide member, a link; connection between said retractor arm and said slidable member, and a spring'mounted on said guide member and engaging with said slidable member in such manner that when the retractor arm is moved'rearwardly the spring will be put under tension and will actuate the retractor arm to move forward after it has completed its rearward movement.

' 14. A- breech mechanism having a bolt head adapted to impinge on a cartridge in the chamber of a barrel, an inertia member at the rear of said bolt head and engaging therewith, a locking sleeve movable toward and from the said chamber, said bolt head and inertia member being closed in said sleeve, a retractor member having a spring,

and a member connectingsaid retractor withk the said inertiamember, whereby the rearward movement of the bolt head andthe inertia member actuates the retractor rearwardly and gives tension to the spring, and the forward movement 'of the retractor actuates the inertia member, bolt head and sleeve forwardly, said member which connects the retractorl with the inertia member being formed wit-h a head which projects beyond the opposite side of the sleeve from the retractor, and a receiver in which the said sleeve moves, said receiver being formed vwithy a longitudinal channel in which Athe head of the said retractor-connecting member slides.

15. In a ire armya slidable and rotatable sleeve, a slidable and partially hollow inertia member,y a retractor arm, and a plug passing transversely through the sleeve and the'inertia member and connected to the retractor arm.

16. In a fire arm, a slidable and rotatable sleeve, two oppositely disposed cam paths in the sleeve, a slidable and partially hollow inertia member, a retractor arm, a plug passing transversely through thesleeve and the inertia member, and movable backwardly and forwardly through the cam paths lin the sleeve and detachably connected with the retractor arm, and means to retain the plug in the same plane throughout its movements.

17. In a fire arm, a slidable and rotatable sleeve, a slidable and partially hollow inertia member, a plug passing transversely through the sleeve and the inertia member, a spring actuated hollow-link having on its rearward portion an angular finger, and a retractor arm the forward end of which is detachably connebted with the finger of the link, therear portion being connected with said plug.

'f 18. A breech mechanism for firearms having a slidable and rotatable sleeve, a bolt headvof a plurality of diameters forming a plurality of annular shoulders contained in the forward portion of the sleeve and slid- -able therein and therewith, said sleeve being'formed with a lurality of annular shoulders therein forming together with said shoulders on the boltv head a plurality of air chambers which are at all timesclosed and which form a plurality of air cushions when the bolt head moves rearwardly with relationy to the sleeve.

19. A firearm having a slidable and rotatable sleeve and bolt head of multiple diameters contained in the forward portion of the sleeve and slidable therein and therewith, said sleeve being formed with a multiple of annular shoulders correspondin to multiple diameters of the bolt head and so arranged as to create a plurality of air chambers between the shoulders of the sleeve and the shouldersof the bolt head, the f orward end of the boltl head being entirely within said sleeve in all positions of the' sleeve. Y

20. In a firearm, a slidable and rotatabl sleeve, a slidable inertia member within the sleeve, and a plug .passing transversely entirely through the sleeve and the inertia member, said plug being formed with an aperture, and a ring pin which passes through said sleeve, inertia member, and said aperture in the plug.

21. In a firearm, a slidable and rotatable hollow sleeve, two oppositely disposed `cam paths inthe sleeve, a slidable inertia member within the sleeve, a plug passing transversely )through the sleeve and the inertia memberl and movable backward and forward through the cam paths in the sleeve, and a retractor attached to said plug.

22. In a irearm,'a slidable and rotatable sleeve, a slidable inertia member within the sleeve, a bolt head of multiple diameters contained in the forward portion of the sleeve, said bolt head being entirely within -the sleeve when in the most forward position, and a plurality of air chambers between the bolt head and sleeve which are closed in all positions of the bolt head and sleeve.

23. In a firearm, a slidable and rotatable sleeve having two oppositely disposed cam ertia member and through the cam paths in the sleeve, and having a firing pin aperture, a bolt head within the forward portion kof the sleeve and having a firing pin aperture anda firing pin which extends through the sleeve and through the firing pin apertures in the inertia nember, a plug and bolt head. 24. In a fire arm, a slidable and rotatable sleeve having a plurality of interior annular shoulders, and having two oppositely' disposed cam paths, a slidable inertia member contained at all times wholly within the sleeve, a lateral aperture in the inertia member crossed centrally by a longitudinal iring pin aperture in the 'inertia member, a T

vheaded plug passing transversely through the lateral aperture inthe inertia member and through both cam paths in the sleeve, and havin a transverse firing pin aperture correspon ing in location and in direction with the longitudinal aperture in the inertia member, a bolt head of multiple diameters so formed and arranged as whencombined withthe annular shoulders in the sleeve-to form multiple air chambers within they forward portion of the sleeve, and having aN longitudinal firing pin aperture in line with the longitudinal aperture inV the .f inertia member and in the plug, and a firing pin partially contained Within the sleeve and extending through the firing-pin apertures. 1

in the inertia member, "plug and bolt head.

In testimony/whereof -I alii): my signature,