US1038538A - Impact water-motor. - Google Patents

Description

W. A. DOBLE.

IMPACT WATER MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.16, 190s. RENEWED JULY 22, 1912.

1,038,538. Patented Sept. 17,1912

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v Qvwemtaz I In y I fill 'omwt To all whom it may concern:

UNITED sir TEs PATENT. OFFICE.

WILLIAM'A. noBLE, or San or ALAMEDA,

Specification of 'Be it' known that 1, WILLIAM A. Do sti a citizen of the United States, and residing at San Francisco, San Francisco county, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Impact Water- Motors, of which the following is a specification.

- In those forms of hydraulic apparatusm which thepower "is derived from a jet or "stream of water directed through a nozzle connected with a pipe supplied with water under a very high pressure, theslow reduction of the size of the discharge orifice does not give rise to a much greater degree ofpressure,'-but a sudden reduction in the size of the outflow from said orifice results in a very great increase of pressure wh ch has the suddenness of action and effective result 'of a blow, and is ordinarily termed water hammer, and its frequent efiect is to burst the pipe. Further, if the reduction in the discharge orifice. or retardation of discharge takes place lat-a uniform rate, the pressure will continuously increase, finally reaching maximum at the instant the orificeis fully closed, but if the rate of closing gradually diminishes there is no material 'or sudden increasepf pressure and ntwlanger to the apparatus.

The object of my invention is to avoid the results of rapidly closin the valves of such apparatus, especially those in which, the jet is employed to operate upon .the blades of an im )aet water wheel, and to this end I provide tie apparatus with a supplemental port, with means for insuring its proper opening and closing, so as not only to avoid water hammer, but also to prevent waste of water.

In the accompanying drawing the figure illustrates inelevation sufiicient of ,an impact water motor, partly in section, t o enable my improvements to be understoo'dl;

The valve casing A is ofan suitable construction, provided with a disc 'arge noz- 'zle 4:, having a port 5, and also with another or supplemental port 6, which is within a branchnozzle 7, and as shown, the nozzle 4 rnancrsoo, CALIFORNIA, assIenon r0 MAY DOBLE, CALIFORNIA.

IMPACT "WATER-MOTOR Letters Patent Patented Sept. 17,1912. Application filed November 16, 1906, SerialNo. 343,732. Renewed July '22, 1912. Serial No. 710,977.

but may beotherwise constructed, and the port 6 which as shown is less inarea than the port 5 is closed by a valve D which may approximate in form the valve C, but in upon the head to tend to close'the valve.-

With the two valves is combined an operating. device, by themovement of'which both valves may be mechanically opened and closed, permitting both valves to be closed at the same time and also allowing e ther to be opened and closed independently of the other.

, As shown, .a lever 12, is pivoted bet-ween its ends to the frame of the apparatus and is connected by a link to the stem 13 of the valve 0, and a relay comprising dashpot 01'' cataract device or any other device, which will interpose yielding medium between the other end of the lever and the valve D,

is interposed in the line of connection.

I Thus, as shown, the rod 1 1 of the piston 15 of the dashpot is connected to thelower end of the lever 12, the said piston sliding in j the cylinder 16 which is jointed to the valve stem 10 and-is prevented from turning by a a guide rod 18, extending from the cylinder through a slot of.a bracket 17 on the frame.

Above the cylinder 16 of the dashpot is a casin 19' containing a chamber partially filled with liquid which also fills the cylinder, and between the casing 19 and the cylinder there are three communications or ports 20, 21, 22, the size of the last named being cont-rolled by an adjustable screw valve 23', and the port 21 being provided with a perforated detachable bushing 21 to permit bushings with perforations of different sizes to be substituted for each other to;

the upper end is connected by a link to the. arm of a pivoted sector 30 carrying a curved rack31 meshing with a gear 32 upon a shaft 33,which is rotated by the action of governing mechanism J of any suitable character in any suitable manner, the said mechaiio . arrow, when .the valve C will be withdrawn from 1ts port'and'the.jet the saidport will impingepon the j blades" of the wheel 13 and turn-the-sanie.

AtQ every change of: load on the water whelfthei governor shifts the position oft-he regulating valve C in the main nozzle and thereby regulates the size ofthe jet applied -to thewheel so'as to provide just sufficient watertocarrytheload'outputdesired. Therefore,.if the wheel is operating at a full load,

- and -a certain proportion, say one-quarter of the load, is suddenly thrown off, the govr 'ernor instantly shifts the controlling needle of the main nozzle one-quarter of its stroke, and thus so regulates the jet as to maintain a' constant speed of rotation of the wheel,

'. and the consumption of waterrby the wheel .will be one-quarter less than in operating at the full load, which difference in the amount of water supply is of course preserved in the reservoir for. future use.

In opening the main nozzle the upper end of the lever 12 moves back, withdrawing the valve C; the lower end moves forward, pushing forward the piston 26; the pressure on the oil in front of said piston opens. the large relief valve 27, and the oil passes through the piston to the rear, and may also flow to a limited extent through the ports 20 and 22,tovthe rear. Thus the forward movement of the piston is in no way im peded. At the full opening of the main nozzle the piston occupies the position shown in dotted lines.

Assuming that the main nozzle is closing,

the lower end of the lever 12 moves back in the direction of its arrow; the piston 26 is carried back, forcing the oil through the ports 22, 21 and 20, the port 21 being open wide enough to allow the oil to fiow freely from the cylinder 16 during the first port-ion of the backward stroke of the piston, so that the movement of the latter will not generally efiect that of the valve 9 until the piston covers to port 21. Thus a certain amount ofslip or lost motion is permitted between the piston and the cylinder 16 and valve 9' to maintain the said valve stationary during a certain part, say from one-half to three quarters, of the full closing movement of the valve C. When however the piston 26 has closed the port 21, the only outlet for the oil in the rear end "of the cylinder 16 is through the restricted port 22, and the oil cannot generally pass rapidly enough to permit the piston to uncover the port 21 so that practically the piston and the cylinder 16 are locked together and will move back togetherrawing with them the valve D and .mentof the valve opening the lower port 6. This operation' ofceurse will'take lace if the, closing move- P 6 is at all sudden, or of so rapid a character as to tend to cause an over pressure in the pipes. If the valve Cshould be closed so slowly that the oil in the cylinder 16 can escape through the port 22 to the opposite end of the cylinder at a speed pro portionate to the rate of movement of the piston, then in that case there will be no locking of the piston and cylinder 16 to gether, and the main valve can be closed to its fullextentwithoxit opening the compensating valve.

'After the compensating valve has been opened under a sudden closure of the valve 0 there will be a stream of water running to waste from the auxiliary nozzle. The pressure of the water against the valve D however tends to close this valve and the cylinder 16 will be carried with the valve,

the piston 26 remaining stationary. This puts the oil in the rear of the cylinder16 under such pressure that it slowly flows out through the port 22, allowing. the cylinder and needle to move forward slowly until the nozzle 7 is finally closed and the waste of water stopped, this closure being effected so slowly that there can be no detrimental rapid increase of pressure in the pipes and pas; sages.

The time at which the relief action of the compensating device begins depends upon the size of the port 21, being determined by experiment in each particular case. It will be seen however that if the closing motion of the main valve is extremely rapid,

rate the compensating valve shall be per-- mitted to moveback at a speed that will pre vent detrimental pressure.

It will be seen that by the above described means I am enabled to secure an absolute control over the time of opening of the auxiliary or compensating nozzle, that so long as the load fluctuations on the. wheel are within a predetermined limit, the compensating device remains lIlflCtlVG and that therefore the water consumption of the wheel is proportional to the power output. When however the load is suddenly thrown off the wheel, or when load changes occur of a greater magnitude than those for which the devices are set, and of such magnitude as to be sufiicientto produce a water ram, or detrimental increase of pressure in the pipe line. beyond the permissible amount,

closure is effected.

It will thus beseen that the only water 1,088,638. v T a"? the auxiliary or compensating device will result in an immediate opening of the sup,- plemental port, -It will be seen however that such opening does not result in a mate'- -rial waste of water because immediately thereafter the supplemental valve begins automatically to close, but at such a predetermined rate as will prevent any undue increase of pressure until finally a complete a used other than thatrequired for actually :'-;idrivi'ng the impact wheel is the small into operation at all during'the normal E la'mount which is discharged from the compensating device when the load fluctuations are of such magnitude as would tend to cause disturbance in the pipe line if notcompensated for, so that there is a most material -economy effected in the use of the,

motor-- fluid. I

'The compensating nozzle does not come movements of the main valve mechanism,

7- but operates only in case of a sudden in- 26- crease of speed and then only when the -main valve mechanism is moved to a predetermined closed position. The connection to the compensating nozzle 1s a direct connection-lasdistinguished from a connection through a motor as 1n my co-pending application Serial No. 303,219.

g I do not here claim the combination with g the 'main port and its valve, of compensating means'consisting-of a supplemental port and ,valve, as this is the subject of a separate ap lication for Letters Patent No. 205,606, ithout limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown, I claim as my invent-ion:

L'A valve casing having main and supplemental ports and valves, adevice con nected to shift both valves, and a direct connection with the supplemental valve including a fluid medium capable of yielding to a limited extent-under the movement of i one part of'the' connection and constructed and arranged to permit a partial sudden closing or a'slow and complete closing of the main port' without opening the supplemental port.

2. In combination, a valve casing having main and supplemental ports and valves, a" device connected to shift both valves, the

connection with the supplemental valve be- "ing direct and including a dash-pot constructed to permit the closing of, the main valve by a slow movement without opening the supplemental valve, said supplemental valve belng closed by means independent of the dash-pot, and the connections to the two valves. being structurally independent of each other. v

3. The combination with the valve casing and main and supplemental ports and valves, ofa device connected to the main valve and directly connected to' the supple mental valve to shift both valves, means in the line of connection between said' device and the supplemental valve constructed and arranged to insure the simultaneous-sudden movement-of both valves in reverse direc-- "tions while permittin a slow closing move- .ment or a partial sudden movement of the imain valve without shifting the s p le;

ee movement of one part ofthe dashpot,

in respect to the other on the first part of the closing action of the main valve and re- StIlCt-Hlg said movement as the mam valve itermma-tes itscloslng action.

imain and supplemental valves and ports,'of

;means for shifting said valves mechanically fand connections between said means and supplemental valve consistin of'a dashpot ihaving a cylinder, piston an supply charm-- fiber, and with ports arranged to permit a Epreliminary free movement of one part'in' ;respect to another, and thereafter retard isaid movement. v p

6. The combination with the casing, its imain and supplemental ports and valves at- Ztached thereto, and mechanical shifting means, of a piston and cylinder in the line 5. The combination with the casing and" gof connection between the shiftingmeans' ;and the supplemental valve, the said cylinider having port's' arranged to permit the free outflow ofthe liquid from the cylinder gduring a part of the closing movement of the main valve, and a second port arranged Zto allow a restricted outflow of the liquid ;during the remaining portion of said move- I ment. a

7. The combination with" the supplemen- Etal valve having a h ad adaptedto receive" Ewater pressure to close the valve, and a meichanical shifting means,,of an intervening gpiston and c llnder, the latter havinga fport 21 affording a free flow of theliquid jfrom the cylinder during the first part of res fthe movement of the shifting means, and arjfranged to be then closed by the piston, and second port'22 of restricted area, for the ;purpose set forth.

8. The combination with the supplemenjtal valve D, mechanical shifting means and gintervenin connections includln'g a piston and cylin er, of a casing communicating with the cylinder through ports 20, 21 and @22, port 21 bein provided'with a detachable ;perforated bus ing, for the purpose de- Escribed. a A

I' 9. The 'combination' with the supplemen- -tal valve D, mechanical shifting-means and intervening connections including a piston and cylinder,'-of a casing communicating -with the cylinder through'ports 20, 21 and 22, port 22 provided with adjustable means including a dash pot with ports arranged to permit a preliminary free movement of one part of the dash pot with respect to the other as the shifting means move to open the valve, and to thereafter restrict the flow of the liquid to carry both .parts of the dashpot with the shifting means.

therefor having a head arranged to load the valve under water pressure, of means for shifting both valves mechanically, and connections between said means andlthe valves,

one of said connections, including a; dash-- pot, the latter having ports arranged to permit one part of the dash pot .tojnove in respect to the other under the closing actionof the valve under pressure, and to insure the travel of both parts of the dashpot onmoving the shifting means to open the valve.

12. The combination with a casing having- I main and supplemental ports and valves, a

supplemental valve having ahead whereby it is loaded under Water pressure, of shifting means for'the main valve and connections between the same and the supplemental valve including a dashpot and piston, the dashpot and piston having ports arranged to permit the valve to close independently of the shifting means under pressure upon the head of the valve, and to insure the travelof the dashpot with the shifting means when the latter is moved to open the valve. .i

13. The combination of 'a casing having main and supplemental ports and" valves,

and mechanical means for shifting the valves, the supplemental valve having a toward the final portion of the closing movement of the main valve, for the purpose set forth. e I 14. The combination with a hydraulic motor provided with valve mechanism, of a.

compensating device having a discharge port and valve, a speed governor connected to said valve mechanism, .a yielding direct connection between said governor and compensating device constructed to come into operation to operate the compensating device only when said valve mechanism is 'shiftedbeyond a predetermined speed, and

means separate from said connection for restoringjsaid device after it has beenoperated. A.

15. The combination with a hydraulic motor provided with valve mechanism, of acompensating device having a discharge port and valve, a speed governonconnected to said valve mechanism, and a yielding directconnection between said governor and compensating "device constructed to come into operation tooperate the compensating device only when said valve mechanism is shiftedbeyond a predetermined speed and 11. The combination with the' casing andv valve therefor, supplemental port and valve.

limit in closing.

16. The combinationwith a hydraulic motor provided with valve mechanism of a compensating device having a discharge port andvalve, a speed governor connected to said valve mechanism, a direct connec- ,tion between-said governor and compensatingdevice including a dash-pot constructed to come into operation to operate the compensating device only wnen said valve mechanism is shifted beyond normal limits, and means separate from said dash-pot for'restozing said device after it has been oper- I I t "17. In a hydraulic, motor, the combination with main and compensating nozzles and valves therefor, of. a direct connection between said valves including a dash-pot, and hydraulic means separate from said dash-pot for closing said compensating valve.

18. In a hydraulic.motor, the combination with main and compensating nozzles and valves therefor, of a direct connection between said valves including a cataract device, and a head on the compensating valve acted upon by-the water to close the same. 7

19. In a hydraulic motor, the combination with main and compensating nozzles and valves therefor, of a governor for shifting the main valve, :1 dash-pot directly connected to said compensating valve and to said governor, and means separate from saild dash-pot for closingsaid compensating va ve.

20. In a hydraulic motor, the combine tion with main and compensating nozzles and valves therefor, of a governor for shifting the main valve, a cataract device directly connected to said compensating valve and to" said governor, and a head on said compensating valve acted upon by the water to close the same.

- 21.-In ahydraulic motpr, the combination with, main and compensating nozzles and valves therefor, of a governor for shift-j ing the'main valve, and a dash-pot directly connected to said compensating valve to saidgovernor, and constructed 'to come into operation only when the main valve Vilfi'i' 11" termined speed and limit in closing.

23. In a hydraulic motor, the combination with main and compensating nozzles and valvestherefor, of a governor for shifting the main valve and having a connectionwith said compensating valve, a yield-' ing device in said connection, and a head on said compensating valve constructed to cause the water pressure to close said valve against the yielding device.

24. The combination with a hydraulic motor, of a water supply pipe, 5a bifurcated nozzle rigidly secured thereto, a device working in one branch of the nozzle for varying the outlet area thereof to regulate the quantity of an'impact stream discharged therefrom, means for causing the movement of said device, an overflow outlet in theopposing branch of the nozzle, a valve for controlling the said overflow outlet, means actuated by the device for varyin the outlet area 'for the impact stream adapted to cause the opening of. the overflow outlet after the partial closing of the outlet for the said impact stream, said means and said valve being constructed and arranged to permit the gradual closing of the same.

25. The combination with a hydraulic motor provided with valve mechanism, of a compensating device having a discharge port and valve, and means connecting said valves including a yielding member adapted to be operated from a speed governor constructed and arranged tocause the valve of the said device to be shifted to open its port only on an undue increase of speed of the apparatus and if the valve mechanism suddenly approaches its closed position.

.26. The combinationwith the .valve casing and main and supplemental portsand valves, of a device'connected to shift both valves, means in the line of connection between said device and the supplemental sudden movement of the main valve with- 60 out shifting the supplemental valve.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLiAM A. DOBLE.

Witnesses:

C. W. l/VHITNm F. M. RAY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by a Washington, D. 0.

addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

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