US10385273B2 - Biochar kiln - Google Patents
Biochar kiln Download PDFInfo
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- US10385273B2 US10385273B2 US15/453,502 US201715453502A US10385273B2 US 10385273 B2 US10385273 B2 US 10385273B2 US 201715453502 A US201715453502 A US 201715453502A US 10385273 B2 US10385273 B2 US 10385273B2
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- Prior art keywords
- kiln
- biochar
- biochar kiln
- stack
- subsystem
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/40—Portable or mobile incinerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
- F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion by discharging the air below the fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- Biochar is made from biomass (trees, agricultural waste, etc.) in an oxygen deprived, high temperature environment. Quality biochar has high purity, absorptivity and cation exchange capacity. This can provide significant benefits to several large markets including, but not limited to, agriculture, pollution remediation, odor sequestration, separation of gases, and oil and gas clean up.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example biochar kiln.
- FIG. 2 is an interior view of a floor of the example biochar kiln, illustrating a ventilation subsystem.
- FIG. 3 is a close-up view of the ventilation subsystem shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is another close-up view of the ventilation subsystem shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIGS. 5-8 are close-up views of the exterior of the example biochar kiln, illustrating the ventilation subsystem.
- FIGS. 9-10 are perspective views of example components of an ember suppression subsystem of the biochar kiln.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an example stack subsystem of the biochar kiln.
- FIG. 12 is a high-level block diagram of an example control subsystem of the biochar kiln.
- FIG. 13-23 are illustrations of example insulation of the biochar kiln shown in FIG. 1 .
- a biochar kiln is disclosed, including construction of the kiln and various subsystems such as, but not limited to, ventilation, stack, control, insulation, and ember suppression.
- the kiln may be implemented to produce biochar.
- the kiln is configured for internal combustion and heat generation as needed, to convert biomass into biochar.
- the kiln may experience frequent and wide thermal cycling. For example, every 2 days, the kiln temperatures can vary between ⁇ 30 and +1300 degrees Fahrenheit (e.g., stack temperature ranges from ⁇ 30 F to 1850 F).
- the biochar kiln is configured to support slow pyrolysis and can accommodate a number of variables. Variables include, but are not limited to, a “green” and/or dry feedstock, large and/or small pieces of the feedstock, various and multiple different species of the feedstock, and operation according to variable processing times.
- the biochar kiln is robust in that it may be operated under a number of variable operating conditions, while still producing a consistent and high quality biochar product.
- the biochar kiln may include a local and dedicated process control system.
- the control system may be implemented with a ventilation subsystem, an ember suppression subsystem, and airflow management or “stack” subsystem, to help ensure high quality and high yield biochar is produced while simultaneously complying with emissions standards.
- the biochar kiln has multi-zone combustion cells that are computer-controlled to maintain target temperatures while creating faster burns. Multi-zone servo dampers are computer-control to manage inlet air flows to the combustion cells to support optimum heating.
- the biochar kiln may also have removable stacks and a stack hole sealing mechanism.
- the kiln may also be configured for negative flue gas pressure to eliminate fugitive emissions.
- the terms “includes” and “including” mean, but is not limited to, “includes” or “including” and “includes at least” or “including at least.”
- the term “based on” means “based on” and “based at least in part on.”
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example biochar kiln 10 .
- the biochar kiln 10 may include a main body portion 12 and a lid 14 .
- the main body portion 12 is configured to receive a feedstock (not shown) by removing the lid 14 and loading the feedstock before replacing the lid 14 .
- the biochar kiln further includes a base portion 16 .
- the base portion 16 may be configured such that it is raised off of the ground. This enables airflow under the main body portion 12 .
- a ring 18 may also be implemented to lift the biochar kiln 10 , e.g., using a loader tractor, forklift or other suitable machinery.
- the kiln wall 20 may be made of a one-piece, rolled wall.
- Body welds, where needed are made on curved surfaces to lower structural and thermal stress to those joints.
- the floor 24 may also be a one-piece heavy gauge, high strength steel.
- the floor 24 may be downward elliptical-shaped (the shape being visible in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 ) to withstand heavy falling wood chunks during filling.
- the surface of the floor 24 is curved and has only one weld joint along the perimeter where it joins with the wall 20 .
- the floor 20 and walls 20 may anneal with use, which also serves to relieve stress.
- FIG. 2 is an interior view of a floor 20 of the example biochar kiln 10 , illustrating a ventilation subsystem 24 .
- the ventilation subsystem 24 may include a plurality of semi-independent combustion cells 25 a - g . In the example shown, there is a combustion cell 25 g in the center, and six combustion cells 25 a - f between the center cell 25 g and the kiln wall 20 . An outside vent pipe 28 a - f leads to the center of each cell to provide combustion air.
- FIG. 3 is a close-up view of the ventilation subsystem 24 shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is another close-up view of the ventilation subsystem 24 shown in FIG. 2 .
- thermowell tubes 26 a - g may be built into the floor 20 for each combustion cell 25 a - f .
- the thermowell tubes 26 a - f may be positioned adjacent vent pipes or air inlets 28 a - f .
- Another thermowell tube 26 g may be positioned substantially in the center of the floor 20 , e.g., for combustion cell 25 g .
- the thermowell tubes 26 a - g may be configured with monitors to enable interior biochar temperature sensing while the biochar is cooking.
- FIGS. 5-8 are close-up views of the exterior of the example biochar kiln, illustrating a ventilation subsystem 30 .
- the ventilation subsystem 30 includes ports 32 around the perimeter of the body 12 of the biochar kiln 10 . Each of the ports 32 is connected to the internal air inlets 28 a - f . These ports may be closed (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5 ) and opened manually, or via computer control.
- an automatic control including dampers 34 with air inlet 36 which can be connected to a gas line 38 to a main line 40 to supply ignition gas into the chamber formed in the body 12 of the biochar kiln 10 .
- the dampers 34 are each attached to the outside portion of the corresponding vent pipes 28 a - f to provide computer-controlled airflow.
- Each damper has a servo-controlled butterfly valve 42 to regulate airflow. Damper airflow results from negative pressure in the kiln (the vacuum sucks air in), or can be blown in by an external blower or both.
- the ventilation subsystem 30 may be implemented with the control system described herein to provide a controlled airflow, thus enabling a carefully controlled burn and emissions control.
- each servo is computer-controlled and provides physical position feedback to the computer to confirm the valve's position. The feedback enables the computer control to determine whether a valve is working, blocked or failed.
- servo accuracy is about +/ ⁇ 0.5 degrees to permit precise control.
- the kiln is equipped with one or more pressure transducer(s) to insure negative kiln pressure.
- Air vent pipes for each combustion cell may also pass through the floor flange. After a burn, the vent pipes can be sealed with cam-lock caps to help cut off oxygen, stop combustion and cool the biochar.
- dampers 34 are removed from the vent pipe openings 32 and replaced with airtight, gasket cam-lock caps 33 (shown in FIG. 4 ) over the vent pipe openings 32 .
- the dampers 34 are then temporally secured to the kiln wall during kiln transit or moved to another kiln for further use.
- Damper wiring may be routed to a kiln-mounted control board to eliminate the need to unplug and plug damper wiring when the kiln travels to and from the workstations.
- the damper assembly 34 provides a computer-controlled gas-start system to ignite the wood during a fresh burn. Gas flow is turned by the computer via a gas solenoid.
- gas is piped into the assembly where it flows through a venturi pulling in air to the air/gas mix tube before being exposed to a preheated glow plug igniter.
- the ignited gas then travels by a thermocouple probe to verify its ignition and down the vent pipe to start the wood fire at its combustion cell.
- FIGS. 9-10 are perspective views of example components 46 and 48 of an ember suppression subsystem 44 of the biochar kiln 10 .
- An ember suppression subsystem 44 is provided in the event ember suppression is needed after a burn.
- a gas 46 e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and/or other inert gases
- carbon dioxide is utilized because it is about two times heavier than air, which enables the biochar to flood a kiln from the bottom up so it can be processed the next morning. Without oxygen, there is no combustion and the embers are put out (stop burning) to allow the biochar to cool down.
- suppression gases can be managed by a regulator 48 ( FIG. 10 ) at port 32 or other suitable location, to maintain a low, positive kiln pressure. This helps keep fresh air from entering the kiln.
- the control system can turn off the gas supply.
- a safe temperature is about 300 F to 400 F (e.g., it is noted that the auto ignition temperature of wood is about 570 F).
- the ember suppression subsystem may also be implemented at least in part in the lid.
- the lid has a gasket attached to it at the perimeter.
- the gasket gets squeezed between lid flange located above the gasket and the flange on the kiln rim below.
- the gasket reduces or prevents air leaks during ember suppression.
- the gasket also helps retain fugitive smoke in the kiln (e.g., in case of a short term negative pressure drop).
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an example stack subsystem 50 of the biochar kiln 10 .
- a portion of the stack 51 (shown in FIG. 1 ) is illustrated in detail.
- a stack 51 sits on top of the lid 14 of the biochar kiln 10 .
- a reflector/flow director is attached to the underside of the lid. This reflects radiant heat back into the kiln and biochar while also directing the flue gas to the out perimeter of the kiln, which improves heat distribution in the kiln.
- the stack may be anchored by gravity and/or other attachment(s).
- the base of the stack is wide enough to provide stability (e.g., up to about 90 mph wind loads).
- a smoke chamber 52 funnels kiln gases into the stack 50 .
- a stack blower 54 moves the smoke first horizontally and then curves straight up and through the top of the stack 51 .
- the stack blower 54 moves combustion air through the duct 52 where the smoke then enters a venturi mix tube. Air from the blower 54 entrains nearby flue gas to pull it up into the mix tube of the stack 51 . At the top end of the mix tube (see FIG. 1 ), the air and flue gas combine on their way to a secondary or exhaust burner (not shown).
- the burner Natural gas or propane
- volatile gases if any
- burns particulates heats the vapors and spirals the smoke upward to heat refractory material above the burner.
- the spiral effect is cause by vanes placed just after the burner. The spiraling hot vapors spend more time heating the refractory than a straight upward flow.
- the target refractory temperature is about 1650 F, and is managed by adjusting the burner fuel flow rate and/or the blower flow rate.
- CO combines with radical Oxygen to make CO2, which is an acceptable emission gas (whereas CO is highly regulated).
- thermal NOX is also kept low.
- An added stack extension may be provided to help increase flow rate due to stronger convection flow. Less entrainment air is required, for less cooling, less use of burner gas. This may reduce or eliminate the need for refractory material, thus reducing cost.
- the blower 54 provides a negative kiln pressure (e.g., by reducing or altogether eliminating fugitive smoke, and providing suction to pull air in from the dampers).
- the blower 54 also provides oxygen for emission conversion and burner combustion, and helps control stack temperatures by adding cooling air.
- FIG. 12 is a high-level block diagram of an example control subsystem 56 of the biochar kiln 10 .
- the control subsystem 56 may include one or more controller 58 .
- the controller 58 may be implemented as a PLC (programmable logic array).
- the controller 58 may be mounted in any suitable location (e.g., on a pole near the kiln).
- the PLC has enough computing power to run multiple kilns.
- the cable between the kiln and the PLC has 4 conductors (2 for DC power and 2 for data) which make plugging and unplugging easy.
- a controller 58 may be provided for each kiln where and can travel with the kiln.
- the controller 58 may receive input and/or feedback from the kiln (e.g., the ventilation subsystem 24 , the ember suppression subsystem 44 , and/or the stack subsystem 50 ). The controller 58 may also provide output or control of the various subsystems.
- the kiln e.g., the ventilation subsystem 24 , the ember suppression subsystem 44 , and/or the stack subsystem 50 .
- the controller 58 may also provide output or control of the various subsystems.
- the kiln and stack may also be considered to include a plurality of control zones 60 .
- the control zones 60 are independent, horizontal and/or vertical zones within the kiln body 12 and stack 51 .
- the zones each have one or more process control variable (e.g., temperature, oxygen level).
- the zones 60 may be physical component(s) and/or area(s) (both physical and virtual) of the kiln body 12 and/or stack 14 itself, and/or a process component, such as the feedstock, product (including intermediary product), air, gas(es), and smoke within the kiln body 12 and/or stack 14 .
- zones 60 include, but are not limited to, floor combustion cells, the kiln feedstock itself, the produced biochar itself, the kiln lid 14 , the stack smoke chamber, stack mix venturi, the stack burner, Flue gas spiral vanes, Stack refractory, Stack extension.
- the zones 60 may be equipped with one or more sensor and/or dampers. These zones 60 may be managed by the controller 58 .
- each kiln 10 has its own computer control board (e.g., for easy transit and improved individual kiln reliability).
- the control board may be wirelessly linked to a site controller to accept site-wide remote commands (e.g., fire start), to provide archive data and to send status alarms.
- control subsystem 56 can apply one or more group state machines on top of individual zone state machines to insure even burns across individual zones.
- group state machines may include a program to ask individual zones to stop at intermediate temperatures to permit slower zones to catch up. When all zones arrive at the temperature, the group is then released to continue the process.
- the control board may be accessed via tablet, smart phone, and laptop devices, e.g., which provide the user interface and control.
- the control board may also control work lights and strobe alarms at the site and/or individual kiln(s).
- the controller 58 implements state machine software and device controllers to independently manage each of the various subsystems (e.g., 24 , 44 , and 50 ) and zones 60 (e.g., a floor combustion cell).
- zones 60 e.g., a floor combustion cell.
- the controller 58 can be implemented as one or more group state machines on top of individual state machines to ensure optimal group performance (e.g., to ensure consistent or even burns across all cells).
- the controller 58 may enable non-programmers to develop advanced control logic and algorithms without making changes to its lower level program code.
- Unique control instructions e.g., “recipes”
- control subsystem 56 provides higher yields, higher biochar quality, greater consistency, optimized flow rates, vapor pressure control, end of cycle detection, lower emissions and shorter burn cycles.
- each floor combustion cell may be provided with an optimal amount of combustion air for maximum temperature rise while working to reach a preset temperature goal.
- the burn control can use Boolean logic and/or PID (proportional, integral and derivative) control or other techniques for fastest temperature attainment.
- FIG. 13-23 are illustrations of example insulation of the biochar kiln 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the steel shell e.g., lid 14 , walls 20 , and floor 22
- heat loss can be under 30%.
- the kiln is insulated with a ceramic blanket (or other types)
- heat loss can be reduced by as much as 95%.
- internal temperatures climb more quickly for shorter burn times, yield improvement (less wood burned), reduced emissions (less wood burned), improved consistency (soak heats are more evenly distributed), and improved quality. Exposing the ceramic blanket to rain and snow quickly transforms it into a poor insulator. To protect the blanket, it may be encapsulated in a high temperature weatherproof skin.
- a cylindrical insulator 62 ( FIG. 13 ) is provided that follows the shape of the kiln wall 20 .
- FIG. 14 is a close up of the upper side edge of the wall 20 showing the cylindrical insulator 62 in detail.
- the insulating cylinder 62 ′ may stand away from the kiln wall 20 to allow forced airflow through a gap between the kiln wall 20 and the insulating cylinder 62 , and optionally through openings or vents 64 (e.g., after a burn).
- a ring or band with similar sized and spaced openings can be fit snugly to the insulation.
- the band can be rotated so that the vents 62 are at least partially or fully covered.
- the band can be rotated so that openings in the ring line up with the vents 64 .
- the air inside the space is heated by the Kiln wall. It then rises out the vent openings, drawing cool air into the air space from the bottom.
- Ambient air (or chilled air) blowers may be provided to force air to pass between the kiln wall and insulation for cooling before it exits on the far side. Sensing the existing air temperature and internal thermowell temperatures can indicate when the kiln is safe to open.
- the insulation is about 1.5 inches thick, although other sizes may be provided.
- the insulator 62 and 62 ′ can detach from the kiln to permit replacement and maintenance as needed.
- a clearance between a gripper ring 66 and the bottom of the insulation so that gripping the gripper ring 66 (e.g., with a forklift or other machinery to raise/lower the kiln 10 ) does not pinch or otherwise harm the insulation. This distance may depend on the dimensions of the gripper and the expected accuracy of the loader driver while picking up the Kiln.
- the insulation 62 and 62 ′ holds significantly more heat inside the Kiln during processing, and is expected to reduce the amount of wood burned (increasing efficiency) with increased yield of char.
- forced convection may be provided.
- One way to accomplish forced convection is by mounting a pipe 68 vertically to the kiln 10 , as shown in FIG. 17 .
- the pipe 68 can direct air into the space between the kiln wall 20 and the insulation. It may be possible to leave this pipe 68 uncapped during processing, since little air will escape. If desired, the pipe(s) 68 can be capped.
- the pipe(s) 68 distribute forced air both ways (e.g., left and right) into the air space on one side of the kiln 10 . If it is desired to “collect” the air on the opposite side of the kiln 10 , another similar pipe can be installed. If faster cooling is desired, 4 pipes can be used, 2 for inlet and 2 for “exhaust”, though the complexity increases significantly. These are only exemplary configurations. Other configurations are also contemplated.
- plenum walls 70 may be provided inside the air space to keep the cooling coverage more even than if the forced air could flow vertically inside the air space.
- These plenum walls 70 may be welded to the Kiln wall in a circular direction and could be full or partial walls.
- FIG. 20 shows a blower 72 attached to the inlet of the forced air system. Forced convection possibly will require an additional blower for each kiln 10 in the cool-down cycle.
- FIG. 21 shows how to use the “waste” heat from the kilns 10 . If the heated air from cooling a processed kiln 10 is piped into the inlet air pipes of a waiting kiln 10 ′, some amount of drying of the wood might be accomplished while waiting to process the loaded kiln. This may reduce the time needed to evaporate all the moisture in the wood during processing.
- the heated air may be forced into 2 or 3 inlets, as illustrated by FIG. 21 .
- a manifold of sorts could be attached to the waiting kiln, where hot air could enter all air inlets and would exit through the lid (some venting mechanism might be provided on the lid if general air leaks are not enough).
- FIGS. 22-23 show a kiln 10 ′′ having six 2 ⁇ 2 inch legs (legs 74 a - d are visible in FIG. 22 ) and a rolled angle bottom with top insulation 76 and bottom insulation 78 .
- Bottom insulation 78 may not be provided if the bottom area is enclosed with insulation or insulation sections 78 .
- a similar air space/insulation configuration may be used for the lid.
- the stack blower may be used to provide the forced air for cooling. It may implement a switched damper to divert the air from the stack to the lid and/or kiln. It is noted that the kiln and lid may be hot if plumbing needs to be connected. In another example, a blower is attached to the lid that is used for cooling.
- the kiln insulation is provided in sections to make it easier to install.
- Overlapped sheet metal joints may hold sections together and help prevent air loss during cooling.
- the kiln wall insulation is enclosed in a “box” (e.g., of 1/16′′ or 16-gauge (or thinner) sheet metal).
- a “box” e.g., of 1/16′′ or 16-gauge (or thinner) sheet metal.
- these may be rolled to fit, with bent or welded ends for fastening the “front” and “back” sides together.
- An attachment mechanism/bracket may be welded to the kiln.
- these insulation sections may be fastened to the brackets.
- insulation section dimensions are about half or whole multiples of about 14.5 inches
- fiberglass rolls may fill the inside of the insulation sections (e.g., 16 inch stud spacing less 1.5 inch stud is about 14.5 inches). It is noted that careful dimensioning may lead to more efficient use of the insulation.
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/453,502 US10385273B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2017-03-08 | Biochar kiln |
CA2962293A CA2962293C (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2017-03-29 | Biochar kiln |
US16/503,875 US10883052B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | Biochar kiln |
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US201662317573P | 2016-04-03 | 2016-04-03 | |
US15/453,502 US10385273B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2017-03-08 | Biochar kiln |
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US16/503,875 Continuation US10883052B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | Biochar kiln |
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US20170283703A1 US20170283703A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
US10385273B2 true US10385273B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
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US15/453,601 Active 2037-12-19 US10385274B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 | 2017-03-08 | Portable biochar kiln |
US15/453,502 Active 2037-10-31 US10385273B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2017-03-08 | Biochar kiln |
US16/503,875 Active 2037-04-04 US10883052B2 (en) | 2016-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | Biochar kiln |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10883052B2 (en) * | 2016-04-03 | 2021-01-05 | Biochar Now, Llc | Biochar kiln |
US11135728B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 | 2021-10-05 | Biochar Now, Llc | Lid assembly for portable biochar kiln |
US20220074666A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | Mobile Biochar Solutions LLC | Mobile Kiln System |
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CA2962293A1 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
US10385274B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
US10883052B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
CA2962387C (en) | 2021-05-18 |
US20170283703A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
CA2962387A1 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
CA2962293C (en) | 2021-05-18 |
US20170283704A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
US20190330533A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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