US1037071A - Utilizing heat energy. - Google Patents

Description

W; H. SMYTH,

UTILIZNG HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED 113.5, 1900.

Patented Aug. 27, i912.

8 SHEETS*SHEET 1.

W. H. SMYTH. UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.5, 1900.

Patented Aug. 2'?, i912.

W. H, SMYTH.

UTILZNG HEAT ENERGY. APPLICATION YILED THM, 1900.

W. H. SMYTH.

UTILIZINGHEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.5, 1900.

LOST/,07 1 Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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Try l @5m/@maas z MM W= H. SMYTH.

UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY,

APIFLIGATION FILED PEB. 5,

Ang,

W. H. SMYTH.

UTILZNG HEAT ENERGY.

APPLIGA'HON FILED HUM, 1900. 1,3%3? 1 L 'Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

' s SHEETS-SHEET e.

fl i l '.4@ims'fziwhiimim A hun im SMYTH.

UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED rims, 1900.

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mama Aug. 27,1912,

8 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

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UTILZING HEAT E TO HUT/FEI; GAS

To ail v'whom i may conce/)fn Be it known that L lViLMAM ll. Slrrr, mechanical engineer', citizen of Jche United States, residing` at Eerlelejy', in the coin'llv of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Utilizing' Heat Energy; and l( lo hereby declare the following; to he a inlll clear, and exact descripiien of the saine.'

This ii'lveni'ien relates lo inipreveil ineens 'or utilizing the expansive force el l'leai.

lt also involves improvemenls in lynaniics as 'embodied in healmeters; pneinnalics c in air mnpressers unil nher gas am .1- tus; hydraulics as in pumps azul ellier' valli-r devices.

.En the devices and methods aflopeel he etufore, in uilimng heary as a sein'ce :if pm in exceedingly large prcporien nl: the l velue 0f fue-ls has been Vasie'inllfv dissipated,

The presenl inveni'ien a radical (leparure frein the zicfepieil praci'ice having; lfor its object The utilization oi much ef ihis heretofore wasell heal ei'lcrggy.

In general ierins ihe elriecls of ih-e invention are teV eilecl high iiiiiial and especially' low terminal ien'lpernnres wif an inranlel/l charge, and lo lirinslferln his iriiie into en eqnivalenl of useful werk.

lt aims lo ii'lilize a larger percentage if ihe 'fuel heat value, hv prnvidingl cenllilinns in h arnmny with the reqiiirenienis for han nessing heai;` energy as iliszplaveal in explsive notion. n

lnciclcni'zil "lo 'ihe n iin chier-i' el i vention and ine e fully slated. swine rf objects are lo grovide cnncliiinns in the vutilization of explosive energy le elijectzwhigh inilial l'einperainre anfl p essuie; lim' irrn'linal leinperai'nre and pressure; sien helnivzfimnsphcrc; high pisii in'nnelliale conversion 0'1"' he fr orgy nl? explosion inl@ 5l siahlc inrnl rically ni'ailalle gira compre# l charge pri-.ur i0 igniiu ,sien 0f charge in proportion i0 me r lo he niet byiis expansion during* in la, ing; ccmprcssion aileinaiicalli.' prerlilccil. regnlalell and cenirellccl liv ihr- L inf'e in he evci'cnlne; expansion cennneisnlile will .rjing initial tci'iperainres aniA 'je .iti'elne inehilily ami respmi iveness le iniiial i" sure; lrainniillinfj as m n mision anil pmver sl'crin 1 L utilizing means providing for the resistance being anplierl Willi increasing` in* tensily; ceinplere scavenging of spenl or need gases. Y

The present inventlnn comprises means and. api sir-illus whereby may be eilieetee i'he ari er prncess described and clainiecl in inv copenlling application having Serial No. i127 filed Feb. :5, 1900. Y

lileferring ee he cconipanying drawings illustraiing hv way of example sueli means' Figure l is a vertical Seel-ion el? a unil inein- :ingles lo rig. i. rig. l 1s a lrenl e evalien nl' @No cylinder or duplex api'mral'ns.

/l is a aletziil on large scale ci the inni an: chai chamber. is subst-n the saine ai; righi nnggjl s 6 a pla 7 is elcvniion of l`i 1.8 is a series of f lie- :vcle 0i device; 3. a liront rw nl: modification nii le pinnp air. Fig. l0 saine .fis lrlig. i7 showing ceinjleie single cylinrlr ains. erring to the (lri vings, l is a 'ling lhis ler'zn cenveniioxnlly) snirlhle forni, which censiiinie" explcsiun er expansion er heat chamber. This c. linrler is sl'niwn as prrrlmiged inl@ an easy' curve 2, and f 'he hele cylinller and hencl is tapered to' a noz/.zic nuilet 3 dirececl liecs inte inder vplay pipe.' f Ai al have piaceri n i @peni ini@ lhe explosion and ffm Chamber or iis er; ension. The 'rncln hles described ifron ils 'ceiin'fen areuni'l lhc curi'x te ilie valve Y' een ih@ cl erge and expai .sinn chan'xher. film chan ll 21u Le Ilma-l l,

i i ih@ chfccl' valve is placed; :in li' i 5) cnnnccl's-'llie nir :i Il e Casing" l helirrf lhe valve rle l en lhe pipe il: cenllel 0r viaicr.from ille chain'lier l. suitable inl'lcpemlcnl:

'Hey ile-Vahle piston is' healed in chamber s rllie nozzle 9 im.

1 and the play pipe extending theretroni.

In the forni of the device iustrated inA Figs. and 10, vwhen in position and opera-l trated in Figs. 2 and 10, it is shown as pisv ton 11,1novable in a cylinder in communicetioii with the chamber 1, S0 that the -fluid piston, though entirely independent and freev to move in response to heat vpressure impulse, is also iinder control as to its po sition. Power connections fate represented by a'rock-shaft 12, with levers to operate piston 11 and the various valves for controlling the charges "and effecting the ignition.

As illustrated in F ig. 2 the piston 11 is provided with a rod 13 which extends through a stuffing-box 14 in the side of the device. The rod 13 in this form is connected to a motor cylinder 15 by suitable connections such as links 16, levers l?, rockshaft 12, link 18 and the piston rod 19 as illustrated in the forms either Fig. l0 or Fig. 7. A pi e 2O forms an outlet for the chamber or ciambers 8.v The chambers 8, if. more than one, may be connected so as to form one air chamber of large size compared with the volunie of the water-piston. In other words the piston should always be of relatively small size as compared with the resilient cushion of Ithe air chamber..

'lo operate in propel' sequence the .other working or controlling devices, I have provided'tlie following described mechanism.

A cani lever and tappet 21 is attached securely on shaft A12 having cam vsui-faces 21L und 21. A plug valve 22 is common to and controls the flow of gases to or from the two explosion chambers. It is shown connected 'to the explosion chamber in Figs. 3, -l, '5 and 10, by pipe 23. A check valve 24, controlling the admission of the explosive charge, is provided with a spring actuated valve stem 25, as shown in Fig. 5. The operating lever or handle 22'a is secured to the plug or stein of the valve 22. A slotted link 22.h is loosely connected to 22 and engages with one arm of a loosely pivoted hellci-ank ft'appet lever 22e. The other arm of the le- `.ve'r 22c constitutes a tappet which engages with the part 2la of the cam ended lever 2l to operated thereby at each are reciprocation of the cam end ofthe lever. This cam end serves the double function of re-V versingpthe four-way valve 22 and raising and keeping the valve 24 open, by engagefaceted to a `fuel reservoir 27 hy valve controlled pipeliigs. it

ffro'in their of the water. This rocking wiper 30 is secured on shaft 31, which extends through the .side of the ignition chamber and is provided with an operatin lever 32, on its outer end. The other element of the sparking device consists of a flat spring 33 attached to an insulated rod 34 passing to the outside of theignition chamber.

35 isa tappet lever secured upon tht)l spindle of each of the valves 10.

is a link slotted at each end for the reception of the pin 37 on the ta pet levers 35. The' link 3G is provided wit a pin 38 approximately midu'ay of its length, which .engages with the leverri32 of the spark wiper, Figs. 4: and 5. suitable source ofelectrical energy is reprelsented. by 39. i

A battery or other 40 and 41 are wires leading to the wiper and spring respectively. A yoke .al-2 is secur'ed upon lthe piston-rod 13 and its ends are iivotallv connected to the rods 1.6 Figs.

i l t2.

6 and 7.

Aiplug valve 43 is placed in a pipe 4:4

which connects' the opposite ends of -cylin- 100 der 15, see Fig. 7, and a pipe 45 connects the valve and the cylinder ends with a source` of pressure through pipe 20. An exhaust pipe `for the four-way valve43 is shown at 46 which permits each end of 105 cylinder 15 to exhaust alternately. ,An operating lever 4-7 is provided for valve 43, which is connected to a sliding tappet rod L8 having springs 49.y and tappets 50.

Levers 5l, hinged at endend and each pro- 110 vided, at oi near that end with a cam sur face 52, are provided. The opposite end of each lever is vprovided with a wedge-shaped latch, toengage with tappets 50. A tappet 53 is secured upon one of the rods 16, to 115 engage with and release the latch levers 51' alternately. All of which is clearly shown inl Fig. 7.

In Fig. 10 is shown a complete operative unit or single cylinder device: All theworking parts are in oierative nssociation. Thus, from this view, eing partly in section, the construction of the device and the manner oi operation will be clearly understood. 'llhelcolurse of the. explosive charge andthe 'water can also clearlybe followed.

their outilow.. In this above Waiter.

in this View aim, ibo Cimeg- :yiincie is shown eeiiiiecieiivdiiecf," the explosion oi combusti ii cbzuiik l. The [list-,barge pipe 2O "lewis rom ibo :Iii Ciiiiiiibei 8 neef the b oitom ibex( i euiiicieniy above tbe "nivo T i' proviiio e, e uit cbmnbei' S mikel 'iiicrea Th i'iie various pipes eresboix'ii broken io iiic'lfo oi'e be ihese pines may be mede longer or siioi-iei to meet ''.be requirements of die ce ibimis Rieder' which tbe device is io be operoie, mii whether ii' is io be operated 'pui' :le e force pump or peiiy suction The cycle of operation and iue steps oi" die process as exemplified in the won "1idei' ato vai-ams are illustrated Vin the die,-

gai'ireietic peries Fig. S, in which foi" eimplicii'y i iid elem-ness, the deaiis oi mechant Cei cozisrilotion have been omitef. diagams will assist in making ciezutbe opeieoii o die described appaiaus e. ready coiii'iri'eheiision of the erm Lgei'nen purpose and functions of the vaii' us me chzmioai dei-wils iiezeiiibeoie sei: out.

hows iie evicre taking e explosive charge in the ie' ila-mi cyinder mici Ciicharging the spent gases fiom iie oiier eyiindei', the pison l1 being; midway of its sii'oke, Lieveiiig to iii/e iight.

ii, Shows The left hem.

A e i eyiiiiciei compressed to ibs' 'Delf its oi-lgmai buik by the admision of eii aies sure between ibe Wae' )ison miei be check. valve l'.

due to exbiosiori and the travei of the we iei' into the: air chambei, preceded by volume of eil' iom beneath the valve 7. This diagram aise shows the inrusb of Water thiough the iowel oiie'eir "give induced by the injector form of ibi opake pipe, grev- V Shows Y'che iefi; bandA oyiindei aimosit iiiedwith Water.

VL Shows a condition simile? to ibut oi? L but reveiseci as to the direction, of. ibo 110W of gases and the movement oi? tbe Vanier piston.

/i. ,Shows a cmige u; ibe right baud cylinder. The iei. i and cyimiiei' iii ibis Lazise being compieiey scavengeci oi? spei;

gases of die pyevioue ox'piosion.

Vii. Shows the explosive cbn righi hand cyiinde ready to be ig oonipieing fue cycie.

'viheii oggeeed :is zu; air compressor ie wives 5 emi i" are closed. The Wives l0 nre opcloteii togethe ziiiexfiiui'oiy their vpro .e side. The valves 5 opeieied :it

YU i heee lto force Weei' mito chamber l to employed e vucumu resulttion j f ie operator und icpeilfiei ou me imzme of "the Work to be done in ieieiioii 'o tbe bca-fi to ii'iiicb the Water is 'io be foie/eci. if; should iii piaciieaiij ail be used Lo insure best economy. s g. use enables euriospberic pressure to be emn oioyec' io dispiace die water iii the air @bambei' to tbe ie el of be discharge ogeiiiogj ami cieimecv nir ebsoibeci the water 'under piessiiie iii the air chambei', g ami, 'in mifiiigion theretot ii, 'permits the excess of emospb e piessiffe ove? that required e in iighieniiig i esistenee to be, oimi'e'e.

, coiumii eifi so reduciiig tbe overcome by the expiosi Ye e going description, of tbe iiiec'heiicai co11-noctiou of the iippaiaius ano iis cjmieT its Rech-animi operation and the siepe of be process celiied inte eiieet e.;

A be sii-opio mi appaiono io ii, L1 ioi'cd mis. The oiiowing 'egos xiid scavenging oi tbe spent (www.

successive iiiow of expiosive che :pulsion or l ssu i f A is shown in Figs. l and '10., toe eiiioeiv charge io be iii chambeel, i'

1' piston will extend nearly to Vaii'o Y, *fated fiom ixe Wniei and pieseuie in nii' chamber 8 by die valve 7 and by V15 been oermitieci access mi this point Velvel0 .iey u' has (or i mei 10l of diagram'l 8 ope encjzifieinc-.iii of tnppe'i QS with "be eoiiipesso "9 ein of we (U3 Allier j from il e mi.' coiseqiein iii im Thus',

compi chui heed. The ein i' mfg bv ehe cios able at will. As the nir pressure increase@ in the air chamber by reason of the in creased resielzniee oi' the work 01": foi-ein Writer colinnn or other resistance which air is applied.. eo also loire lY pression of the Chur; i inereiziee quently ttl'ie'initini 'leinpernlnre :n of explosion oi"v the eonipi'eened also the reinlire l libssl?. le efrpenf, the exploding Chorin. The ehnlie in the eonibnelzion elminlier l and the nir filnnnbrr 9 :ire nouv under like pressure, which is ns has been .lllio'ivin ilnrt due and corres;iondingz; lio tire head lio which the ,liqnicl is being forced.V 'i't'rnoy be noticed also that the ignition ehemlier 2.9 vrilh its; sparker is; in free con;miniieailion with the explosion ohmnber. Tgi'iition now takes place by the eng'ngen'lenl of the tnppot pin B7 with the end. of the'vslol in' the link 36 thus rocking the wiper 30 puel' the Sl'iring 33 by the connection of the link 36 towiper'arm 32, See Figs. 4 und 5. The Slot in BG permits the vnlvel() to close immediately the wiper vdesired. proportionof air and water.

arm 32 passes ont of engagement with the Spring 33. By the e.\:ploei\'e expmision of the gases, in cylinder l, ihe Weiler piston is driven with Trent energy :nul goood through the nozzle 3. The entire inter piston niej" be Clrl'ren onli of llie expsnniion ehn'intier through valve 7. "The eine of the expr Chamber ie :fi mutter wilhin 'the (ilieffretilin of the builder7 hei/ingr .in mind the eil-onnistances under which the :n.ipnrhlne ie to Work. It may loe so proportioned to the fliecharge, lhnt the expansion may extend so far as to not only drive ont l'hewziter piston completely, bnll to permit n portion of the e2;- panded charge to pass into the nir chamber duringr expansion, together with nir admitted through the vulve 5,

The spaces vacated in chamber l und ei;- tension 4 are filled instantly (practically simultaneously with. the expansion) .by nir throilgh valve'g, if this is desirednnd the. valve.- properly proportioned, or with any Thot port-ion of the air admixed with the spent gasesin the part 4 of the expansion chamber will'be out oil' und separated from that 'in the charge chamber 1 by the incoming waiter through valve 5. The portion of air and gas in4 the'extenson 4 is thus trapped `beneath vulve 7, ready to be driven into the nir chamber at the next operation of the Water` piston.' That portion of thespent gases and air in chamber l wili pues ont ne exhaust. The lengths of the charge chain! ber 1 and its extension fl muy be so propor` tioned to eeeh other that, ae Shown in Fig. l, the extension inegi :ii ing of the tion of air i and the einnll m mobility ,on

J li:

'1 io trnml, nnriel" prof:

"'" ble limi viionnin. produced rin-fl the economie re Suite morning thereto. /'aennnn however. in whole er part, not eeeentinl in oiernti n. When used :is illustrated in the various figures, with the normal level oflhe water piston in the explosion ehznnber at or below the outside level of' the waler. viiounin muy be dispensed Awith entirely, (though this is seldom ndriszoble)l the grew stances the benefits und eein'iomies of vinfnnnr are mail ble *.Vil'h lfliie zimmrnl'nn. When lhe device is operiiiecl unifier conditions where grav ty een enppiy the minier to lne working in the charge 'rhninlirig in accordance with the lift.

in ong the @imi-ge.j bring about A. nome what paradoxicaleOnilion, riz, that the 'initial pressure of explosion is exerted against a minimum 'resielinnce This sic-lion is due part] y to the lowering of the pressure in the air chamber, immediately prior to ex plosion, below the Statie pressure of ille liquid column und partly to employiirgr the head to eon'ipress the charge before ignilii'in.

The neccsnury eonditione lo ideal economy in explosive engines :1re thus l'iresented in the invention herein, eet iorlh, and in :L poeulifirly Complete nmnner. The piston speed mechanienlly unrestrained. yThe ronge of expansion is also unhan'ipereil, :und is Inoporlionnl lo the re.' nee. The ev five expzinision nele inguinej :i minimum, ire und isili: prior vom-or rsi/.1:1

iinl. ehnrf i inail to l` i pr to be 'niet by 'o ily oli' the water SuppliesA the energy required of the atmospheric pressure of vnoiuun'. .But even under these onfcuni- Vacuum is applicable in low lifte; this is controllable through volvo 5 more or less 'l f1 ineens and nieihod employed for eoin-` lili? rlililii. t .C

l r oem in scope then its application to raising or moving Water; it is equally nojolicnble to' raising or moving or overcoming any other forni of niechtinicl resistance.. The u'ifpe.- ratus described is equally (fiminine 'for handling or compressing gaseous fluids es for moving liquid iiuids.

The whole device may he io ated :it point distant troni that at which the wort; is being utilized, The conipresed nir, waiter or impulse muy be carried by pines to suitable devices at the bottom n :i e "t or other distant location.

The displacement of the spent liquid piston or induction of 'i'resh thereby7 is not of the essence et the tion; these functions may be perfor. many other Ways. @ne such is illus in Fig. 10.

The injector orni of construction may not always be desirable nor is it essentiel. The

U or curved shape of connection between the cylinder and uptake is only one convenient torni. The uptake may .eoneentriceily or otherwise surround the cylinder, be entlrely omitted. vThe ineens shown :tor con- LUH' d'1 t "l l *'Qotin Lio inz2 tie nuit. pis on is not tswnni, in practice the gravity or the water piston nes been used to clmroe and exhaust the 1 O l thougn `the ineens shown have been round positive and reliable. v

' The' work required of theengine l5 so insignificant that, in nieny instances, it will be found advantageousto operate a number of explosion chambers, with en 'engine and valve mechanism common to all, as shown in the various views in which' thev engine serves for two explosion chambers. ln some instances Where a source of small power is Vavailable in of the ordinary forms. it may ybe used with economy to operate the charging and valve admission' in e pleut ot considerable proportions. wind mill/or 'evenhandponfer may be nie-.cle .available to suppiyexplosive fuel, and pump large -folumos of water rapidly. These supplementary motor devices serve only to supply the explosive mixture at atmospheric pressure, which `function, of course, requires but little` power. i

The epperatusi'oneii'ectinjr my seid invention may be stationary or portable; it may be emroyedfor locomotion or propulsion in any of its various deptabilities and under its dynamic, pneumatic7 or hydraulic categories. l

'An illustration of another embodiment. or" the invention involved in the present disclosure, differing in appearance and ecnstruction :1nd details, is presented inn comfmnion application for improvement'in utilizing hout energy tiled Feb. 5, i960, Serial o. 4129.

As the. invention herein descrihed is e i5 complete departure in the arts referred to,

broadly unrestricted to the ,article d them to toxin successi-:in of rges, on nir chamber suitably .d ooinninni( ting 'with chamber in .such nienner thittthe nir therein opg/osos the eximnsion of the ignited che es through the intervention of on. unconnect d body interposed between the che. und the nir.

Q. in en apparatus of the named type, the combination with e chamber having an ig niter, or" ineens for introducing thereinto successive charges of 'fuel materiel, :m en chamber'siiitebly arranged and eommuniwith 'the first mentioned chamber in nner thet the nir therein opposesthe oension UQ ".e ignited charges through 'i 'rventituro e iluid body internos-e1 tween the ciernes .end the air.

in un apimrzrtus of the named type, 'theV combination with n chamber having; en igniter, of n'iefins for introducing thereinto successive charges ot vfuel materiel, air chamber suitably urrni'iged and coinrnunieeting with the first mentioned chamber in suchrnenner that the sir therein opposes the en pension of the ignited charges through the intervention ot' a iiuid body interposed' lnetween the charges and the air, end ineens adapted to inove the body through e Stro-ire or" definite length simultaneously with the introduction of the che e. in un apparet-us of the named type, the ce: binaion with n chamber having-nn igniteigot ineens introducing vthereinto successive charges of uel materiel, :in/ei? ehnmber suitably erre need and cominunir-intn ingv with the fiest inentionedchaniber such manner that the oir, therein opposes the fuel materiel, en ignite?, en air chamber i suitably and commu ating n in the mentioned chamber in manner that 'the nir therein opposes the expansion' ot the ignited eherges through the intervention o e ihn@ body interposed between the charge' und t compress the cherries prior to ignition.

o. i l etus oi the named type, the com1 with two members lievi "o. i ci? s in leted to introduce tir ont, means adapted tov the through the intervention oi a duid hotly in- "chamber suitably arranged and communi 'eating with the first mentitnnui chandler ir expansion of the ignited into successive charges of fuel material, an

air chamber suitably arranged and commu nicating with the first mentioned chambers in such manner that; the air therein opposes the expansion of the i ignited charges terposed between the charges and the air.

7. In an apparatus et the nam'cd type7 the combination with two cluunbers l ating an igniter, of means for introducing thereinto successive charges ot 'fuel material, an airl eating with the lirst ujientioncd chambers in such manner that the air therein opposes the expansion of the ignited charges through the intervention of a fluid body interposed between thecharges and the air and means adapted to compress the charges prior to ignition.

8. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an ig niterpof meansdor introducing thereinto successive `volumes of fluid fuel and air and commingling them to form a succession of explosive charges, an air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the first mentioned cha1nber,' means between these two chambers for permitting and directing the discharge of the expanding gases against the air in the air chamber whereby the air opposes the expansion and stores up the energy of successive explosions through the intervention of an unconnected body interposed between the cluirgcs and the air.

.9. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination witha chamber having an ignitcr, ot means for introducing thereinto successive charges of fuel material` an air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the first mentioned chamber in such manner that the air therein opposes the expansion ot the ignited charges through the intervention of a tluid body interiosed between the charges and the air. and means adapted to 'permit and direct the tldw of fluid 'from the air chamber to the tiretl .inentione'd chamber.

l0. -ln an apparatus ot the named type, the combination with a ci amber igniter7 of means for introducing tlg.

successive charges ot. iuei iuzitcriai, an chamber suitablyarranged and communi suoli manner that the air therein opp the interventioi-'i a fluid body .eternos between the charges and the air, a tout of] entrance valve for liquid, and a -ziischarge pipe.

l1. An apparatus of the named type coinprising a 'chamber having an igniter.;` moans for introducing thereinto sucer 've charges of fuel material, an air chanuiier suitably arranged and connnunicatingwith the mentioned chamber in such manner that the `air' therein opposes the expansion of the ignited charges through the intervention of a fluid body interposed between the charges and the air and means adapted tc permit and direct flow of Huid from the air chamber to the rst mentioned chamber and also to the exterior of the apparatus.

12. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means :for introducing thereinto .successive charges of fuel material, a valved passage and an air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the first mentioned chamber by the valved passage whereby the air therein opposes the expansion of the ,ignited charges through the intervention of a Huid body interposed between the charges and the air.

'1.3. Aln an apparatus 'of the named type, the combinationwith a` chamber having an igniter. of meansfor introducing thereinto successive charges of fuel materia-l, a valved passage, an air chamber suitably larranged and communicating with the rst mentioned chamber by the valved passage whcreb the air therein opposes tihe expansion o the ignited charges through the intervention 0f a fluid body interposed between the charges and the airb and a passby or passage adapted to permit and direct flow of fluid from the air chamber to the first mentioned chamber.

14. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing thereinto successive charges of fuel material, a valved passage, an air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the first mentioned chamber by the valved passage wl'icreby the air therein opposes the expansion of the ignited charges through the intervention of a fluid body interposed between the charges and the air, and pipes or passages adapted to permit and direct the 4flow of [luid from the air chamber to the first mentioned chamher and also to the exterior.

i5. 4ln .an apparatus of the named type, the cou'ibination with a chamber having an igniter and a ehrt-k valve opening freely inward topermit the infiow of atmospheric airfolAl means 'tor intrmiucing int-o the chamhtr successive volumes of, fluid fuel and commingli it with the air therein to form a sucre.. u1 et explosive charges, an air cham- Ihcr suitably' arranged and conunuuicating 7 with the tirst mentioned chamber 1n such manner that thA an' therein opposes the exain of means For introducing intocthe Cham ner successive charges of fuel material, an

the intervention of a tluidbody interposed between the charges and the air.

17. In an 'apparatus of the named type,`

the combination with a chan'iber having an igniter and a check valve opening f reely o inward to permit the intlov.y oip atmospheric air, of means for introducing` into the chainber Isuccessive volumes of fluid fuel and commingling .it with the air therein to form a succession of explosive charges, an air chainber suitably arranged and communicating with the tirst mentioned chamber in such manner that the air 'therein opposes the expansion ot' the ignited charges through the intervention of an unconnected body '20 interposed between the charge and the air prior to ignition.

18. in an apparatus ot the named type, the'combination with a chamber having an igniter and a check valve opening freely inward to permit the inflow of atmospheric Aaiigof means for introducing into the chainber successive charges of fuel material, an 'air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the i'irst mentioned cham- '30 bei' in such manner that the air therein opposes the expansion ot the ignited charges through the intervention of a tiuid body interposed between the charges and the air and means adapted to compress the charges prior to ignition.

19. In an apparatus ot the named type, the comb..iation with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing thereinto successive charges of fuel material, an air 40 chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the irst mentioned chamber in such manner that the air therein opposes the expansion of the ignited charges through the intervention of a fluid body interposed between the charges and the air, a toot valve for liquid in the first mentioned chamber, a

discharofe Ji e, and means ada ted to come l .1? 4 press the charges prior to ignition.

20. In an apparatus ofthe named type,

the combination with a chamber having an igniter. of means for introducingthereinto successive charges of fuel material, an air chamber suitably arranged and communicating with the first mentioned chamber in such manner'that the air therein opposesI and exit ot liquid, and means adapted to 'compress the charges prior toignition.

2l. In an apparatus of the named type,

the combination with a chamber having an ignite-r, means for introducing thereinto successive charges of fuel material, an airA -'the combination `with a chamber having an introducing thereinto of' fuel material, an air chamber suitabl arranged andy communicativi'th the i mentioned chamber in such n'ianner that the air" therein opposes the eX- pansion ot the ignited chaifges through the intervention oit' a duid body interposed between the charges and air, valves in the tii'st mentioned clia'mbei fort their-,entrance and exit or' liquid, and ineansfiidapted to compress the charges, prior toignition, by the pressure the air chamber.

23. ln an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, ot means orintroducing thereinto successive charges of fuel material, an air chamber suitably arranged and communieating with the tir-st mentioned chamber in such manner tliatthe air therein opposes the expansion ot the ignited charges through the intervention ot a tluid body interposed between the charges and air, valves in the first mentioned chamber for the entrance and exit ot liquid, a discharge pipe communicating ivitlrthe air chamber, and means adapted to compress the charges, prior to ignition, by the pressure in the discharge pipee Q-i. in apparatus oit the named type,'coinprising two chambers and means for admitting air the'i'einto, pumping means adapted to introduce fluid fuel into said chambers and coininingle it with the air therein to forni a succession of explosive charges, means to ignite the same, means to compress the charges ignitei, means for successive char lprior to ignition, an air chamber connected and communicating With the tiifst mentioned chambers in such manner that the air there- Ain opposes the expansion of the; ignited charges through the Ai'ntdrvention .ot an unconnected body interposed -between the charges and the air, and a valve controlled exit for fluid.

25. An apparatus ot' the named type, comprising tvvo chambers, means for admitting air thereinto, means adapted to introduce fluid fuel into said chambers alternately and coininingle it with the air therein to form a succession of explosive charges, means to ignite the same, means to compress the lcharges prior to ignition, an air chamber,

connected and oonnnunicnting 'with the first niontioncnl onalnlnirs in iaicli manner that tlio tlieroin oppona tlm expansion of the ignited oliargon throng 'tl-a intervention ot" 'a tlnicl body interposed 'oetWoon tlio charges; and theI air, and valve controlled openings for the ontranoe anti oXitol: liquid.

Q6. ln an apiaratns of the named type, :initier having an tno Combination with c r, of moans for intrndncing Success/ive ninos oi fini@ fur-il to form therein sns cession of explosivo @inn-2053, nn @leistio onshion suitably arranged and aflaptod to rosifit finti store np tlio ernngy of :successivo perationsf tin'onp'li tn@ intfrvontion of an nn- :nnnotod pinton int urli-ined between 'tho onsliion and charges,

2i'. ,ln an apparatus of 'the named typo,

of means for introducing successive of Huid inni to forni therein a suoot orploniife charges? an air olmnilor snit?. olli' arranged anal ada teal to refiist and Storo nn the en@ gy of sucres' oporationo tlirolnrli 'the int -ntion ot an nncoinnrotetl piston introiincocl iiotwon the air olnnnlinr anfl nliarg'os.

5329. In an apps'irni'ns oi? tlm named type, n tl a. @liana-lier iiavin-T Tor introdi'ionnr '-z E an .air olian'oor St mentioned oliarniuifr Tizrssngn and :laptnfl to resist. tlm ein nansion'of tne charges tlironnjli a Huid hotly tl'lo first moutionrf nlu'u'nlimsl: inf pasnagrf-i and arranged anfl` :ulantod to resist they oxpansion of tlio charg'en through a tinifl body interpone@ between the Charnan antl air ol'iai'ilnnj, and n'irans; atlante@ to rogigulnt tlm no', i l

i on of tno' lnirl bony.

30. ln an apparatus: oit tlm nfuucal typo, tl; wconxliination n'itli two clnuutnfrs nach 'novitiorl Witllan ignitler, oi moana tor in troclncing snoccssivo folunws ot fluid furl to 'form n surofrssion ot" explosive charges in oanh chamber, an air (chamber connected with the first mentioned fl'iamlinrs b v passages 60 anfl moans for introflncingr vlinid into tlio f naming@ liotwoon tlm air l'nnnln-,r ami the trfit inontionml oliaxntwrs i j l moans aflaplnii to nonni; n; ttm {chain-r. `cli of tlm J nnantionmi Chambers al.' f thi-(nigh lo wamtion ot 1( pan-fingen tno combination with n chamber having; an

rin therein a an@ In an apparatus of the nalnrrt typo, the combination with a clianiluer haring; au igniter, of moans yfor introducing snfrv volumes ot lncl :fuel to forni a Succo` explosive charges, an elastic '-uslii on snitably arranged and adaptor] to resist and :1to1 e un the energy of successivo opfntatiuns i'lufonnjli the intervention of an unconnootetl piston introduced between the; cushion and onargni, and means adapted to compress; the Chaiwes prior to ignition.

In an apparatus olf the namntl typo, the combination with a nl'nnnlier having an. igniter, of means for introducing llnid fool to 'forni an explosive charge, an air olnunlior suitably arranged and adapted to refill; tlio expansion ot' the cl'iarge through tlv: iutnrvention of an unconnected piston intrmliuzoil between the air chamber and oliargr and a valve to control the flow ot' air from the air olian'ilior to the first iisnaitionctl aznar-Elmira 33. In an apparat-ns of tho namnffl type). the combination with a chamber ha an igniter, of moans for introclnon j fioul funi 'to form an explosivo charge, an air rlrnnlzwr suitably arming-rod and ada Y, t tlm oxpansion ot the elia tlu: int-fn- Vontion of :in nrnzonnootod nimm intr-dumm betweon the air cliainonr andV am! Suitable valves to control. tina y l'lnitl from tno air flian'ibor to tlni lil ohanibor and also to tlio extoriA lfn an apparatus of' tln-ey nauirzl the oolnliinatic'ni with a heat goin ation' Chamber, of :.1 Valvefl 1; an an ma lier comintoxicating 'with the lirnt xmuilwr by the vali/od pansage, a fron nneton i tra (laced between the olmrnliors, a passing; {,f 1,

Sago Connecting tlio heat generating (.'llai'uber and the air Cliainbc and a valvo to oontrol me passliy.

In an apparatus ogt' tlni nainofl type., the combination with a ulnunlwr having nn ignitvr, of moans for introducing uunosaivc volumes ot Huid fue] to torn] a surco oxplosivo charges, an unconnrc'tml Diff" the olnnnlior and moans adapted to mow in@ piston through a Strolue of tlvlinito iougrili simultaneously with the introduction ot tho charges.

En. ln an apparatus ot' tlu nainml typo? tile combination with' a. clxan'ilinr haring' au ignitor, ot means for introaluiini Suoarnfaifo roluin "s ot' tinicl .fuel to form a s, :camion o t @wlmi-n Charges, n tluifl piston introtlucfotl in advance of till@ charges and ai; inwardly opening,r chock valve to tllo chamber For the admission of air.

37. In an apparatus ot the naineffl typn, tllo combination with a oli-amber haring an igni'tor, of moans 'for intrmlucingr successivo volumes of; fluid 'luel to torni a succo. ion ot explosive charges thnroin, a fluiit piston introduced in advance of the vhargva, anrl moans to regt. Qgo the poiation oliitlir' Finial il L) o :boezem mingle them and effect succession o eX- plosive chargesa a valve for the outflow of spent gases. extension of the chamber with a non-return valve, a cheelr valve opening inwardly.' into said chamber and entension for the admission of fluid and means charges prior to ignition, i apparatus of the named type, ationwith a chamber having an er, 0.1 to control the inlet sucv :ve volumes of fuel. and air and commingle them and effect a succession of explosive charges'a valve for the outflow ci spent gases7 an extension to the chamber pro ed lwith non-return valve and means toiniroduce a body oi' liquid in advance of eac-.i exiilosivef charge and means to compress the charges prior to ignition.`

el). in an apparatus oi,2 the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means to control the inlet ot successive volumes of fuel and airland commingle them and eitect a succession ot' explosive charges and a valve for the outflow ot' spent gases, an extension tc the chamber provided with a non-return valve, an inlet to introduce liquid in advance of each explosive chargeand a check valve opening freely inward to atmospheric pressure for the admission of air into the chamber.

4l. In an apparat-us 'of the type named, the combination with achamber having an igniter, ot means to control the inlet of suc' c-essive volumes of fuel and air and com- 'mfingle "them and eli'ect, a Asuccession of explosive charges, a valve for the outflow of spent gases, an air chamber connected with the first mentioned chamber by an extension provided with a non-return valve, an inlet valvefto introduce a body of liquid in ad- "vance of each explosive impulse and means to compress the charge prior to ignition.

4-2. ln .an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an ignitcr, of means for introducing liuid fuel to form an explosive charge, an extension to the chamber provided with a non-return valve, means to introduce liquid in advance ot' the explosive charge, another substantial similar apparatus and connecting devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact and operate alternately. 43. In an apparatus off the named type,

the combination with a chamber having anv igniter, of means for introducing fluid nfuel to form an explosive charge, an extension to the chamber provided with a non-return valve an inlet valve to introduce liquid in advance of each explosive charge, an air inlet valve opening freely to atmospheric pressure for the admission of air into the chamber; another substantially similar apparatus and connecting devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they4 coact and operate alternately. ai. In an apparatus of the names type the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing fluid fuel to form an explosive charge, an air chamber connected with the first mentioned chamber by an extension forming an uptake provided with a non-return valve, an inlet valve to introduce a body of liquid in advance the explosive charge; another substantially similar apparatus and connecting devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact and operate alternately, and means to compress the charges prior to ignition.

45. In an apparatus of'lthe named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing fuel to form an explosive charge, an air chamber connected with the first mentioned chamber by an. extension provided witha non-return valve and an inlet valve to introduce liquid in advance of the explosivecharge, a check valve opening freely inward to atmospheric .pressure for the admission of air into the irst mentioned chamber; another substantially similar apparatus, connecting devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact and operate alternately and means to compress the charges prior to ignition.

46. n an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing succes-A sive volumes of fluid fuel to form a succession of explosive charges, an air chamber connected with the first mentioned' chamber and adapted to resist and store up the energy of `successive operations through the intervention of a body of liquid interposed between the charge and air in the air chamber and means adapted to 'compress the charge by the pressure ofvair in the air chamber.

.47. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination with a chamber having an igniter, of means for introducing successive volumes of fluid fuel to form a succes sion of explosive charges, an air chamber connected withthe rst mentioned chamber and adapted to resist and store up the energy of successive operations through the intervention of a body of liquid interposed between the charge and air in the air chamber, a check valve opening freely inward to atmospheric pressure for the admission of air into the first mentioned chamber and means adapted to compress the charges by the pressure of air in the air chamber.

48. An apparatus of the named type7 ergy of successive operations through the intervention oi' the introduced liquid, a-valve controlled passby between the two-chambers suitably arranged toeiiect the compression of the charge prior to ignition by the pressure in the air chamber, another substantially similar apparatus andi connectingr devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact and operate alternately.

An apparatus of' the named type, comprising a chamber havingr an igniter, means for introducing fuel to form an explosive charge therein, an air chamber with a discharge and connected with the tirst mentioned chamber and provided with a nonreturn valve between the chambers, valve opening to the First mentioned ,chamber to iintroduce liquid, the air chamber suitably arranged and adapted to oppose andl store up the energy ot successive operations through the intervention ot' the intr( need liquid, a cheolt valve opening freely inward to atmospheric pressure` for the admission of' air into the first mentioned chamber, a passby passage between the two chambers suit.- ably arranged to etlect the compression of the charge, prior to ignition, by pressure in the air chamber, another substantially similar apparatusl and connecting,- devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact :ind operate alternately.

57. An apparatus ot the named type, comprising' a chamber having an igniter, means tor introducing tuel' to form au explosive charge therein, an air chamber with a clis charge and connected with the lirst mentioned chamber and provided with a, non-return valve between the chambers, a valve opening to the first mentioned chamber to introduce liquid` the air chamber suitably arranged and adapted to oppose and store up the energy ot successive operations through the intervention of the introduced liquid, a check valve .opening freely inward to atmospheric pressure for the admission of air into the Erst mentioned chamber, a valve controlled passby passage between the two chambers suitably arranged to eii'ectthe compression of the charge prior to ignition by pressure in the air chamber, another substantially similar apparatus and connecting devices between said apparatuses to control them whereby they coact. .and operate alternately.

in an apparatus of the named type, a combustion chamber explosive charge 'toi-ming andV regulating devices connected therewith.J an air chamber and connections whereby a body ot liquid is moved against. the rcsistance of air in the air chamber by the direct pressure ot' iniiaming,r gases, a valve controlled passage to the air chamber from the first mentioned chamber, and a valve i gesport E pump to intrmluce successive controlled passage from the air chamber to the first mentioned chamber.l

59j in an apparatus of the named type, a combustion chamber, 'explosive charge forniing and regulating' devices connected there with, an air chamber and connections whereby a body of' liquid is moved against 'the resistance ot' air in the air chamber by the direet pressure of intiaming gases, means adapted to eonn'iress the charge prior to ig'- nition by the pressure ot' air in the air chainber.

30. in an apparatus of the named type means for moving;l a disconnected body oi material by the direct pressure of intiaming gaseous i'iiel to store energy, and means tor effecting' the compression of the gaseous fuel prior to ignition.

61. in an apparatus of the named typo means t'or moving` a body ot liquid against the resistance ot a resment cushion by th direct pressure of intlaminggases, and means tor etilecting the compression ot' the gases prior to ignition.

i (52. lvieans oomprising au expansion chamber, a play pipe, an inlet. and a discharge, whereby liquid is moved in one direction by the expansion oi a compressed expansible charge, and in the other directiouto cause the compression oi a ircsh charge.

v(3f-l. ln an apparatus of the named type means, comprising; an expansion chamber wher-oirY a body or liquid is moved against the res tance ot a resilient cushion by the direct pressure ot inigiamingy gases, and a charges into the chamber. y

tiet. in an apparatus of the named type means, comprisingl an expansion chamber whereby a hotly ot liquid is moved h v the direct pressure ot intiaming grasos, means for intri'iducing atmospheric air into thc chamber duringv the movement o't tlux liquid and means adapted to elfe :t the coumression ot' the fases prior to ignition.

65. n an apparatus ot the named type means, comprising); an expansion,chamber and an air chan'iber, wher( i body ot liquid is moved against the ref. .4t uur ot air pressure in the air chamber by the direct pressure ot ignited gases in the expansion chamber, the apparatus being; provided with a discharge pipe toriiquid connected with' ilux air chamber in such manner that liquid in the discharge,x pipe is sustained by air in the air chamber, and means t@ ,Umhang the air pressure in the air chamber below the pressure due io the liquid in the disA charge pipe immcdiatrtly preceding the ignition of the charge.

GG. ln an apparatus tor storing energy ot' the named type, tho combination ot an expansion chamber, means for iutroducingthereinto a gaseous cl arge and igniting the same; means for introducingin advance of the charge, a body of liquid, anda discharge pipe for liquid communicating with the charge containing chamber in such manner that the pressure ofv the liquid in the discharfre pipe is resisted by the charge, Whereby the charge is compressed priorv to igni* tion.

:67. In an apparatus of the named type means, compr'iqsmg an expansion chamber for ignited charges and an' air chamber, whereby a body of liquid is moved against the resistance of air pressure in the air chamber-,by direct pressure of ignited gases in the expansion chamber, the apparatus being provided with a discharge pi l for liquid connected with the air cham er in such manner that liquid in the discharge pipe is sustained by the air in the air chamer, means to reduce the air pressure in the air chamber below the pressure due to the li uid in the discharge pipe immediately prece in the ignition of the charge, and means a apted to effect the compression of the charge by pressure in the air chamber prior to ignition. l

68. In an apparatus of the named type means, comprising an expansion chamber for ignited charges and an air chamber, whereby a succession of liquid bodies are moved against the resistance of air pressure in the an' chamber by direct pressure of a succession of ignited charges in the expansion chamber, the apparatus being provided with a variable pressure device connected with the air' chamber ini`such manner that the pressure therein is sustained by air in the air chamber; and means adapted to effect v'varying compression of successive charges by the variable pressure in the air chamber prior to ignition,

69. In an apparatus of the named type means, comprising an. expansion chamber Vand an air chamber, whereby liquid is moved against the resistance ot air pressure in the air chamber by direct pressure of a Succession ot' ignited 'charges in the expansion chamber, and means for introducing air into the air chamber simultaneously with the liquid.

70. In an apparatus of the named type means, comprising an expansion chamber, andv Yaf discharge pipe whereby liquid is Y moved against the resistance of liquid in the discharge pipe by direct pressure of a suc- 'cession of ignited charges .in the expansion chamber, nd means for introducing atmospheric air into the discharge pipe simultaneously with the liquid.

7].. In an apparatus of the named type means, comprlsmg. an expansion chamber and an air chamber, whereby abody of .liquid is moved against the. resistance of air pressure in the air `chamber by direct pressure of ignited charges in the expansion chamber, a casing connected with the expansion chamber and a piston operating therein, whereby the position otl the liquid in the expansion chamber is controlled.

p' 72. In apparatus of the named type means, comprisirlfr an expansion chamber and an air chamber, whereby a body of liquid is moved against the resistance of air pressure in the air chamber through a valve controlled passage by the direct pressure of ignited charges in the expansion chamber, a casing connected with the expansion chamber'and a piston therein, whereby the position of the liquid in the expansion chainber is controlled, another substantially similar apparatus, and connecting devices between said apparatus whereby they coact and operate alternately.

73. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of an expansion chamber, an air chamber, a valve controlled passage therebetween explosive charge forming and `regulating devices, and an igniter connected with the expansion chamber, whereby a body of liquid is moved against the resisti ance of air in the air chamber through the valve controlled passage by the direct pressure of inflaming gases; a casingconnected with the expansion chamber and a piston` therein, whereby the position of the liquid in the expansion chamber is controlled, and automatic means adapted to control the op-. eration of the igniter, the .charoe regulating devices and the movement of the piston.

74. In an apparatus of the named t pe, the combination of an expansion chain er, an air chamber, a valve controlled passage therebetween, explosive charge forming and regulating devices and ani iter connected with the expansion cham r, whereby a body of liquid is moved against the resistance of air in the air chamber, through the valve controlled passage, by the direct pressure of infiaming gases; a casing connected with the expansion chamber and a piston therein, whereby the position of the liquid in the expansion chamber is contrclled, another substantiallyrsimilar apparatus and connecting devices between said apparatus to control them whereby they coact and operate alternately, and automatic means common to both apparatus adapted to control the operation of the igniter, charge regulating devices and the movement of the piston.

' 75. Means comprising an ex ansion chamber, a play pipe, an inlet an a discharge, whereby liquid is moved in one direction by the expansion of a compressed expansible charge, and Vin the other direction by energy derived from previous expansions.

`7 In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of. an expansion chambery,

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