US1342723A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

M. E. STOCKWELL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLI ATION FILED MAR. 12, 1919.

Patented June 8, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

wax/046% MIL LARD E. STOCKWELL, OF MON ROVIA, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 8, 1920.

Application filed Mar ch 12, 19 19. Serial No. 283,279.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MIL'LARD E. STooK-- WELL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Monrovia, in the county of Los Angeles and State of Califorma, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relatesto improvements-1n engines of the internal combustion type and adapted to employ air, gas, oil, or other fuels, and an object of this invention is to provide an engine capable of operating as a two cycle engine but employing practically the four cycle principle.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an engine in which an augmented impulse is had upon each working stroke of the main piston, secondary or auxiliary impulses being supplied by heating secondary charges of suitable elements, such as air,

or other expansive elements during the working stroke.

-It is a further object to provide in an in ternal combustion engine a main, or firing cylinder capable of utilizing gas, or other suitable fuels, for imparting the primary impulse to the main piston therein, and

auxiliary cylinders and pistons for com pressing other elements such as air and adapted to be delivered at timed intervals to the firing cylinder for imparting additionalv impulses to the main piston.

It is a further object to provide in an engine of the character, referred to a main cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder of greater area than said main cylinder, with suitable connections and having separate pistons operated from a common crank shaft, whereby the main cylinder may be charged with a suitable fuel for imparting an initial 1mpulse to the piston therein and another element, air for instance, may be compressed in the auxiliary cylinder and delivered to said main cylinder for imparting additional impulse to the main piston.

Another-object is to provide a two cycle compound internal combustion engine adapted to use any kind of suitable fuel or elements and adapted to be cooled by air or water, provided with a substantially long stroke and utilizing the well known principle of the steam engine in which the piston is followed with an expansive element after the initial movement. It will be understood that in any internal combustion engine, the

force exerted on the pistons constantly decreases as the piston nears the end of its travel, for the reason thatthe expansion of as the gas assumes its normal'state. It is an object, therefore, in this invention, to provide means for supplying a substantially constant force for application to the piston in the main cylinder subsequent to the explosion in order that a greater efliciency may be had in the operation. Other objects may appear as the description progresses.

My invention comprises certain novel features, details and arrangements of parts as will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application:

Figure 1 is asectional elevation of my improved engine, with the pistons shown at the first quarter of a stroke;

Fig. 2 is a'diagram of the same with the pistons shown at the second quarter of a stroke;

Fig. 3 is a shown at the third quarter of a stroke;

Fig. 4 is a plan of my engine;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional elevation of the same; V

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side view of the auxiliary cylinder head;

F 7 is a plan of the main cylinder head;

Fig. 8 isa transverse sectional plan of the'main' cylinder.

like diagram with thepistons The engine forming the subject matter of the present invention is designed to afford a ments so as to actuate the auxiliary pistons.

The engine is also designed to impart a primary impulse and then a secondary impulse which is effective in turning the crank shaft at the time when the crank or cranks are traveling through their are of greatest leverage. I Y

In every instance the auxiliary charges.

of compressed elements are expanded by the heated products from the main cylinder, regardless of whether the said heated prod ucts are heated by explosions or by comparts'of my engine are mounted, and 2, 2 are removable ends therefor which are held charges of angtlrer element when moving in an opposite direction.

In the drawings, which I will now describe in detail, 1 is a suitable crank case which forms a base upon which the several by means of bolts 3, 3-, etc., in alined positions on the opposite ends of the crank case 1 and have bearings 4, 4 therein for rotatably supporting a crank 5.

In theform of engine shown, known as the V type motor, a duplex primary cylinder C is mounted at an angle of about 45 degrees on oneside of the crank case, and

is composed of two separate portions 8 and 9, the lower end of part 8 being attached by bolts 6, 6, etc., to the crank case 1, and the upper part 9 being attached to the part 8 by means of bolts 10, 10, etc., through flanges 11 and 12, on the parts 8 and 9, respectively. Upper part 9 has a head 13 attached thereto by means of bolts 14, 14,

etc, and a plurality of annular ribs 15, 15,

etc., are provided on part 9 for cooling the cylinder during the operation of the engine.

A primary piston P is provided in primary cylinder C and has an enlarged lower portion 16 which operates in the enlarged lower part 8 of said cylinder and a reduced portion, or head, 17 which operates in the reduced part 90f said cylinder, both upper and lower portions being provided with suitable rings 18 and 18, respectively, as shown.

Piston P is connected with the central offset portion 19 of the crank 5 by means of a suitable connecting rod 20 and a fuel pipe 21 is connected with the upper end of cylinder part 8 and is adapted to lead to a carbureter or generating valve, not shown, by means of which a suitable fuel may be supplied primarily to part 8 of the cylinder.

The head 13 of the cylinder C has a fuel inlet chamber 22formed integral therewith and above the top thereof, which is connected by means of a pipe 23 with the cylinder part 8, a check valve 24 being interposed in said pipe for preventing a return or back pressure forcing the elements transported through said pipe to the point of origination. A valve 25 is positioned in the head 13 at the bottom of inlet chamber 22 and is adapted to be held normally closed bymeans of a spring 26 which is carried on the stem 27 thereof. said stem being slidably held in a boss 28 formed on the head 13. One ormore spark plugs 29 may be. threaded into the head 13 and extended into the combustion chamber of cylinder part I 9, as shown, or an electric burner may be employed with certain classes of fuel, such as oil, or when air is to be heated for'opcrating the primary piston P.

valve 34, which is held normally closed by bolts 32. An inlet chamber 33 is formed on the top of head 31 and is provided with a I.

means of a spring 35 carried on its stem 36, I

said stem being slidably held in a boss 37 formed on the head 31. Chamber 33 is connected by means of a pipe 38, with the interior, of the crank case 1 and by means of a pipe 39, a port 40 in cylinder-A is connected with a port 41 in cylinder C. An

auxiliary piston 42 having rings 43 is slidably held in cylinder A and isvoperably connected by means of a connecting rod 44 with the portion 19 of the crank shaft 5, the

crank end of said connecting rod being bifurcated for receiving the crank end of connecting rod 20 between the bifurcations thereof, as shown.

An air inlet pipe 45 is connected with one end of the crank case 1, and a check valve 46 of suitable design is provided thereon, so that during the operation of the pistons air may be drawn into the crank case 1 through said valve, while on reverse strokes of the pistons said valve will prevent the emission of the air therefrom, for purposes 7 to be hereinafter described.

In operation, the primary piston P on its initial down stroke will induce a flow of gas, or other fuel into the cylinder part 8 through pipe 21 and at the same time piston 42 will induce a flow of air from the crank case 1 through pipe 38 into the upper end of cylinder A. On the up-stroke of piston P, the charge of gas or fuel in part 8 of cylinder C will be forced through pipe 23 and inlet chamber 22 into the upper end of cylinder part 9, check valve 24 serving for the purpose of retaining the charge and valve 25 in head 13 being open for admitting the gas to cylinder C. The gas is then compressed further in portion 9 of cylinder C and fired by means of the spark plugs 29, whereupon pistonP is again moved downward on a power stroke, while piston 42 in cylinder A is continued in its upward movement and compresses a volume of air from the crank case 1. which has been drawn thereinto on the down stroke.

\Vhen. the crank and pistons are set at the first quarter of a stroke, as shown in Fig. 1, piston P will have had an initial movement 70 On the opposite side of crank case 1, from caused by the expansion of the heated gas I in cylinder C for one half of a complete stroke and piston 42 will have attained the end of its compression stroke asshown. At

7 this time and when said pistons are'in the positions stated, the compressed air from cylinder A vwill begin exhaust through port 40 and pipe 39 into cylinder'C, and as pistons and 42 move downward from said positions, the charge of compressed element admitted to. cylinder portion 9 will provide w an additional impulse for piston P and serve tocomplete the power stroke of said piston. Port 41 ofportion 9 will'remain open until piston P attains the thirdflqua'rter of its stroke, then it will be again closed, and at this instant, piston 42 will'exhau'st tneelements in cylinder A through an exhaust pipe mentof piston P and each'downward strokeof said piston will draw the charge into cylinder C in readiness for further com ression by the up stroke of the piston.- ikewise each down stroke of piston 42 will force a charge of air from the crank case into the inlet chamber of cylinder A and. each up stroke of said .piston will compress said charge and force vthe same at a' predeter mined time into cylinder, C. Thej exhaust from c linder C is through pipe 39 and cylinder X, and exhaust pipe 47, andit will be seen that both the primary and auxiliary cylinders and the crank case will be thor-.

- ou'ghly scavenged of consiuned gases at each operation of the pistons. g

lVhile reference has been made in the foregoing description to the employment of ex plosive elements, it will be apparent that by proportioning the parts of the primary cylinderand piston so as to secure a very high degree of compression,-that other fuels such as crude oil, may be employed instead of gasolene or elements which readily mix with air for forming highly explosive mixtures. It will be understood that the specific form and arrangement of parts, except as may have been particularly stated, or the formation thereof, may be altered or modified to suit conditions in difi'erent forms and sizes of enginesand according to the kind of fuel used for operating the same, and I do not limit myself to any particular forms, except as I may be limited by the appended claims.

\Vhat I claim is: 1. An air and gas engine having tandem cylinders, a double piston operating therein,

an auxiliary cylinder adaptedto be heated by the exhaust from the principal cylinder, the double piston being capable of compressing charges in the principal cylinder and "exhausting into said auxiliary cylinder, the expansion of a said charges operating to impart a plurality of impulses to the said piston upon each working stroke.

2. An engineof the character described, comprising a primary ,cylinderhaving firing and compression portions of different diameters, a double piston operating therein, an auxiliary cylinder having a piston therein, means for imparting an initial impulse vto said primary piston in said firing cyli inder, a p pe connecting said auxiliary cylinder'withthefiring portion of said prlmary cylinder and arranged so that an element compressed in said auxiliary cylinder mayv be exhausted into said firin imparting a secondary impu se to the primary piston. I

3. An engine having 'a primary tandem cylinder pr0vided with firing and comprescylinder for sion chambers said firing chamber being arranged to receive charges fromthe compression chamber and adapted to be heated by the expanding charges in the firing chaming and compression chambers, an auxiliary 9 0 ber, a duplex piston operating in-said -fi rcylinder communicating with 'said firing chamber and means in said cylinder for im parting primary and secondary impulsesto the engine.

4. An engine of the character described 1 havinga principal cylinder with firing and compression chambers therein, an auxiliary cylinder connected with said firing chamber and adapted to receive the heatedexhaust therefrom, a double piston: operating in said' principal cylinder and adapted to compress charges of fuel in said firing chamber, a piston. in said-auxiliary cylinder, explosives in said firin-g cylinder serving to impart a primary impulse anda compression of an element in said auxiliary cylinder serving to impart a secondary impulse to said primarypiston. v

5. An internal combustion engine having a primary cylinder provided with tandem firing and compression chambers, a duplex piston operating in said firing and compressionchambers, anauxiliary cylinder, 9. piston therein, and means connectin said auxiliary cylinder with the firin c amber of said principal cylinder for a ording communication therebetween, said primary piston receiving a charge of fuel in said compression chamber and discharging the same into said firing cylinder, as set'forth.

-6. An engine of the type described having principal and auxiliary cylinders,-means for charging the principal cylinder with explosive materials, means for com ressin air in the auxiliary cylinder, means or lea ing the air from the auxiliary cylinder into the principal cylinder before the piston in said principal cylinder has completed its c. by additional work may be accomplished.

. the piston, and a piston moving in the said a principal cylinderand controlling the escape of the exhaust into said auxiliary cylinder.

7.' An engine of. the character described having a plurality of cylinders arranged for communication at's'uitable intervals and including a principal cylinder having adjacompression chambers, a

cent firing and primary piston operating in said chambers, a piston said crank shaft, and connections between said cylinders and controlledby the opera- 1 prising a tandem primary cylinder having a;

for said other cylinder operated by whereby said crank tion of said pistons,

of impulses shaft will receive a plurality v 'from'an. initial charge on everyrevolution,

one of said cylinders being adapted to receive theexhau'st fromthe engine, and means chambers,

i delivery to said operable by'the" force of the exhaust where- 8. .An internal combustion engine comprisauxiliary cylinder, a duplex pistonoperating in saidprimary cylinder, said primary cy inder having tandem means for affording communication between said chambers, means for affording communication. between said primary and auxiliary cylinders, a piston in saidauxiliary cylinder for compressing an element therein, said duplex piston serving to compress a charge of explosive fuel for primary cylinderand also serving to control the, connections between said primary and auxiliary cylinders for the P rpose described.

. primary and 9. An internal combustion engine having auxiliary cylinders, a pipe for affording communication therebetween, a

' said nection between said cylinders, and a piston crank case, a pipe connecting said-auxiliary cylinder with said crank case, a piston in primary cylinder controlling the. conin said auxiliary cylinder for compressing an element for delivery to said primary cylinder.

- -10. An, internal combustion engine having I v a tandem cylinder comprising separable sections of different diameter and area, supply means connected with the major section thereof, an inlet chamber connected.

auxiliary cylinders,

fuel

with the minor section thereof and provided spectively, the major section of. said pistonreceiving a charge of'an element and supplying the same to said minor section, means for heating the element for operating said piston, an auxiliary cylinder and a duct leading to the minor of saidtandem cylinder, for the purpose set forth,

11. An internal combustion engine comcommon piston therein, an auxiliary cyl1n der connected with said tandem cylinder, a ,piston in said auxiliary cylinder, a crank shaft commonto said pistons, and connections between and with said cylinders whereby 'an explosive element may be supplied to said tandem cylinder for imparting an 1ni- I tial impulse to the piston therein and for compressing a charge of a secondary element for delivery to said tandem cylinder for imparting secondary impulses to said piston.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, a crank shaft mounted therein, a duplex primary cylinder attached to said crank case, an auxiliary cylinder also attached thereto, a primary duplex piston in said primary cylinder and connected with said crank shaft, a piston in said auxiliary cylinder and also connected 'with said crank shaft, a pipe connecting said crank case with said auxiliary cylinder, a pipe connecting said primary and auxiliary cylinders, fuel supply means for said primary cylinder, and valve means for controlling the supply and exhaust of elements of different character to said primary and as set forth.

Signed at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles, State of California, this 6th day of March, 1919.

V MILLARD E. STOCKWELL. In presence-of DWIGHT BRooKs, H. M. BRUNDAGE.

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